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賓語從句

一、定義

在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。二、連接詞

that:

Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.“Wh”:

Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.只用whether的情況：1.與ornot連用：Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot.2.與動詞不定式連用：Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.3.連接詞前有介詞時：Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.

三、時態

1.主句是一般現在時態，從句根據實際情況而定(各種時態均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.2.主句是一般過去時態，從句用相應的過去的時態。1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現象或事實時，這時賓語從句要用一般現在時態。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

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定語從句

一、定義

在復合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句。

二、先行詞

先行詞指人

who/that先行詞指物

which/that定語從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后

三、關系代詞

關系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔當成分，所以從句中不可再出現其他代替先行詞的代詞

四、翻譯方法

“….的”

Whom:

先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當賓語（包括介詞的賓語）,與who的區別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom

1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.2.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.Whose:

指人或物，作定語，表示“…的”eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.關系代詞只能that的特殊情況：1.先行詞前有序數詞修飾時：Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時：ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.先行詞是不定代詞something,

anything等時.e.g.

Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop4.

先行詞是人和物時,用that.e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.

5.先行詞被all,little,theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等詞修飾時,只能用thate.g.

ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.6.特殊疑問句以who或which開頭，只能用that引導.Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?當關系代詞前使用介詞時：

物+介詞+which;

人+介詞+whom當關系代詞前使用介詞時：e.g.

1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.

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狀語從句

一、定義

在復合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。

二、狀語從句一般分為八大類

時間狀語從句

地點狀語從句原因狀語從句

目的狀語從句結果狀語從句

條件狀語從句方式狀語從句

讓步狀語從句

1.時間狀語從句When

---當……時候,

通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從句的動作同時發生。WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.When

---

正在……的時候，突然…。通常主句是進行時或

beaboutto時，在翻譯的時候，when可以譯成沒想到或突然。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.When當從句是進行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.When=afterWhenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.While

---在……期間，往往指一段時間。WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.While---表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.As

---一邊……一邊,隨著Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.As---當……時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發生，從句通常用進行時。AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.Themoment

---一……就……

=assoonas,immediately,---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.Not…until

---

直到……才Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.Before

---

在……之前Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.After

---在……之后Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.Since

---自從……,通常主句用現在完成時IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.

Assoonas

---

一……就……Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.Nosoonerthan

---

一……就……nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒裝Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Once

---

一但……就……Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Everytime,eachtime

每次whenever

每當Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.2.條件狀語從句引導狀語從句的連接詞有：If如果,unless除非,aslongas只要,As(so)faras---據……所知，incase萬一,providedthat假如,onconditionthat若是，以…為條件If

---如果Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.Unless

---如果不,除非=ifnotWecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflightAslongas

---只要Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.As(so)faras

---據……所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.Incase

---假使,如果Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Providedthat

如果,有時省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Onconditionthat

---條件是…Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.注:主從句的動作發生在將來時，則主句用將來時,從句用一般現在時。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.

3.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句只有兩個連詞:Where,whereverWhere

---在……地方Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherever

---無論哪里Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.

4.原因狀語從句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat這六個連詞都用于表示表示原因,但在語氣上一個比一個弱.Because

---因為,通常從句放在主句后.MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.As

---因為,通常放在句首Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.Since

---既然

因語氣較弱,常譯為既然(眾所周知的原因)Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.Nowthat

---既然Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.consideringthat

---顧及到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.seeingthat

---由于Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.

5.結果狀語從句引導結果狀語從句的連詞有：that,sothat,so…that…such…that

So…that

---太……以至于

so后面應用形容詞或副詞,有時省略so只用thatBoeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb噴氣炸彈.Sothat

---因而，以便，為了有時so可以省去Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.Such…that…

---太……以至于

用法與so…that相同，但such后面應用名詞。Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.

6.目的狀語從句引導目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest(So)that---以便,

從句中常常使用一些情態動詞，如：can,could,may,might,should等Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.inorderthat---為了,

與sothat

相同從句中常常使用一些情態動詞，如：can,could,may,might,should等Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.forfearthat

---生怕;為了防止(某事發生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.

incase

---萬一Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Lest

---以防萬一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.

7.

讓步狀語從句引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有：Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether.Although,though---雖然

although

和though可以互換，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn’tsucceed.As---盡管

as引導讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝。可與though互換。Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballmatc