十、被動語態

英語的語態分主動語態和被動語態兩種。主動語態的主語是動作的執行者；被動語態的

主語是動作的承受者。

eg.Weuseaknifeforcutting（主動句）.

Aknifeisusedforcutting（被動句）。

一、構成：be+過去分詞

eg.l）Theworkisfinishedbyhim.

2）ChineseisspokenbypeopleinChina.

二、被動語態的時態

1.一般現在時：am/is/are+過去分詞

eg.EnglishisspokenbyEnglishmen.

2.一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞

eg.ThemachinesweremadeinChina.

3一般將來時:will/shall/beloin?tobe+過去分詞

eg.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschoolnextweek.

4.現在完成時：have/hasbeen+過去分詞

eg.Theworkhasbeendonebythem.

5.現在進行時：am/is/arebeing+過去分詞。

eg.Anewschoolisbeingbuiltinourvillage.

6.過去進行時：was/werebeing+過去分詞

eg.MyTVsetwasbeingmendedatthattime.

綜上所述：被動語態的時態只涉及be動詞的變化（即：be動詞的各種時態）

另外注意以下幾點：

1.含情態動詞的被動語態：

can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞

eg.Hemaybesentawayfromschool.

2.帶動詞不定式的被動語態

eg.Mybikeneedstobemended.

3.在使用被動語態時，如需要指出動作執行者時，應用“by+動作的執行者（賓格）”

eg.HewascalledMikebyus

4.不及物動詞無被動語態（takeplace/happen;last;rise;sink;fall等）

eg.Theaccidentwashappenedtwodaysago（改錯）

5.當賓語補足語是省to不定式時，在改作被動語態之后，應將省去的to還原。

eg.Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hours.

fTheworkersweremadetowork12hours.

6.注意短語動詞的完整性（即：主動句的謂語動詞若由v+prep/adv構成，變被動語態時，

不能將這些介詞、副詞遺漏。

eg.Wemusttakecareofthebaby.

fThebabymustbetakencareof.

練習題

（）1.Thisfactoryhasbeenfortwoyears

A.openB.toopenC.openingD.opened

（）2.Thelightintheroom___beforeyouleave.A.mustturnoffB.willturnoff

C.areturnedoffD.mustbeturnedoff

()3.Theyoungtreesplantedinspring.

A.mustB.haveC.mustbeD.mustare

()4.ChinesebyMissWangthreeyearsago.A.wastaughtB.istaught

C.wasteachedD.wereteach

()5.Youngtrees___quiteoften.

A.shouldwaterB.shouldbewater

C.shouldbewateredD.shouldhavewatered

()6.English___bymanypeopleintheworld

A.speaksB.speakC.arespokenD.isspoken

()7.Theoldpeople___wellinourcountry.

A.islookedafterB.arelookedafter

C.looksafterD.lookfor

()8.Aliceisill.Shetohospitalatonce.

A.issentB.mustbesent

C.cansendD.mustsend

()9.Thefactoryin1958.

A.wasbuiltB.isbuilt

C.willbebuiltD.built

()10.Ourteachertoldusthattheclassroomeveryday.

A.shouldbecleanedB.shouldcleaned

C.shallbecleanedD.mustcleaned

()11.Footballallovertheworld.

A.playsB.isplaying

C.hasplayedD.isplayed

()12.silk___inSuzhou?

A.Is,producedB.Are,produced

C.Does,produceD.Was,produce

()13.Muchmoneyspentonbookseveryyear.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is

()14.Thestudentswasmadethequestionsbytheteacher.

A.answerB.toanswer

C.answeringD.answered

()15.Thesunwhenwegotthere.

A.wasrisenB.hasbeenrisen

C.hadrisenD.isrising

()16.ThePeople'sLiberationArmywasAugust1,1927.

A.foundinB.foundon

C.foundedonD.foundedin

()17.Theorangesshouldbewell___duringthewinter.

A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep

()18.Manyofthesheep___bythewolf狼).

A.waskilledB.arekilled

C.arekillingD.werekilled

()19.TaperecordersinourEnglishclass

A.shoulduseB.used

C.canbeusedD.areusing

()20.EnglishinCanada?

A.Do,spokenB.Is,spoken

C.Are,spokenD.Does,speak

()21.Henottoleavewasterpapereverywhere.

A.tellsB.toldC.wastoldD.hastold

()22.Who"TheFamily","Spring"and"Autumn"?

A.was,writtenB.were,written

C.were,writtenbyD.are.Writtenby

()23.Lookatthebuilding!Itnow.

A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuilt

C.isbuildingD.hasbuilt

()24.Halfoftheworkbeforesix.

A.canbedoneB.willdoC.weredone

()25.Westampsforsendingletters.

A.areusedB.useC.used

()26.TheGreatGreenWall(綠色長城)___inNorthChina.

A.arebuiltB.canbebuildC.wasbuilt

()27.___thefarmbythestudents?

A.was,visitedB.Is,visitC.Must,visit

()28.Thewomanbypeopleinthewaitingroom.

A.waslaughedB.waslaughedat

C.laughedat

()29.Whatthere?

A.happenedB.ishappened

C.mustbehappened

()30.Hewasmadefortwelvehours.

A.toworkB.workC.worked

H^一■、狀語從句

(一)時間狀語從句：由when,while,before,after,since,assoonas,till/until引導的從句

1)when與while

+“短命”動詞

+“長命”動詞

eg.l)riltellherthegoodnewshecomesback.

2)AuntWangcameinwhilewewerewatchingTV

「短命”動詞的否定式+皿〃：直到……才

【“長命”動詞的肯定式+〃加〃：到……為止

3)since:自從...以來(since從句常用一般過去時)

注意主句通常用現在完成時，但當主句表示一種狀態，用一般現在時

eg.l)HehaslivedtheresincehecametoChina

2)Itistwoyearssincehermotherdied.

(二)條件狀語從句：由if(如果)引導的從句

eg.Iwillgototheparkifit(notrain)tomorrow.

注意：條件狀語從句與以下句型的轉換

1)祈使句，and(then,or)+簡單句

=Ifyou...,you...

eg.l)Useyourhead,thenyou511findaway.

=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindaway

2)Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.

=Ifyoudon'thurry,you'llbelate.

2)without與條件句的轉化

eg.Mancan'tlivewithoutwater.

二Mancan'tliveifthereisnowater.

注意以上兩種狀語從句的時態

主句時間、條件句

1）一般將來時2）祈

一般現在時

使句3）情態動詞原形

一般過去時一般過去時

但since從句例外，應與現在完成時連用。

eg.l)mcallyouassoonashe(come)back.

2)Hewon'tgotobeduntilhe(finish)hishomework.

3)mhelpyouifI(be)freetomorrow

4)1(live)heresinceIcametoChina.

(三)原因狀語從句：由because,since,for,as引導的從句

eg.Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.

注意：1)對because引導的從句提問用why

2)因為(because),所以(so)不能連用

eg.Becausehewas(A)ill,so(B)hedidn't(C)gotoschool(D)yesterday.

(四)結果狀語從句：由so…that引導的從句(so后接形、副原級)

eg.Heran(A)sofaster(B)thatIcouldn'tcatchupwith(C)him.

注意：1)“so…that+否定句”與"too…to”的替換

eg.l)Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.

=Heistooyoungtogotoschool(主、從句主語相同)

2)Heransofastthatwecouldn'tcatchupwithhim.

=Herantoofastforustocatchupwith.(主、從句主語不同)

3)TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit

=Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.(注意carry后省去賓語it)

2)“so…that+從句”與“enoughto”的替換

eg.l)He'ssostrongthathecancarrythebox.

=He'sstrongenoughtocarrythebox.

2)ThequestionissoeasythatIcananswerit

=Thequestioniseasyenoughformetoanswer

練習

()1.Weboughtgrannyapresent,___shedidn'tlikeit.

A.butB.andC.when

()2.Bequick,___you511belateforthefootballmatch.

A.soB.andC.or

()3.You'vedonebadly,___Icanseeyoudidyourbest.A.orB.butC.so

()4.Thatwasourfirstlesson,___shedidn'tknowallournames.

A.forB.butC.so

()5.Theydidn'tpasstheballoftenenough,___theydidn'tplaytogetherverywell.

A.andB.yetC.when

()6.Itwasrainingatthattime,___theycouldn'tgooutforwalk.

A.becauseB.orC.so

()7.Marycouldn'tgotoschool,___shewasveryill.A.forB.beforeC.though

()8.Gostraightalongtheroad,___you'llfindthehospitalattheendofit.

A.sinceB.andC.when

()9.Takethismedicine,___youwillyetwellsoon.A.andB.butC.so

()10.EithersheorI___himattheairport.

A.istomeetB.amtomeetC.aretomeet

()11.Thetrainhasn'tarrived.

A.tooB.alsoC.yet

()12.Youwon'tgothere,___willI.

A.SoB.NeitherC.Also

()13.Youcantake___thisbook___thatbook,butyoucan'ttake___ofthem.

A.either,or;allB.either,or;both

C.notonly,butalso;both

()14.Thestudentshadnowater___foodthen

A.orB.andC.also

()15.Theywere___weak___carrytheheavybox.

A.neither,norB.both,andC.too,to

()16.Thebooksaren'tyours___ours.

A.norB.andC.but

()17.Tomsaveshismoney,___Johnspendsallhegets.

A.whileB.orC.so

()18.Excuseme,___canyoutellmehowtogettothepark?

A.andB.pleaseC.but

()19.Heneedstohavearest,___hehasworkedforalongtime.

A.andB.butC.for

()20.Thepolicemanwas___busy___holidayswithhisfamily.

A.very,tospendB.too,tospend

C.so,that

()21.NeitherJacknorI___tothepark.

A.isgoingB.aregoingC.amgoing

()22.Hisgrandfatherhasneverbeentoschoolsohecould___read___write.

A.neither,norB.either,orC.both,and

()23.Johm___untilMike___sorrytohim.

A.lethimin,saidB.didn'tlethimin,said

C.didn'tlethimin,says

()24.1'msureLiPingis___intheclassroom___inthelibrary.

A.either,orB.both,andC.neither,or

()25.Don'topenthedoor___thebus___.

A.until,stopsB.and,stopsC.until,stop

()26.Bothhisfatherandhismother___toBeijing.

A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hasgone

()27.We'11haveasportsmeetingifitraintomorrow.

A.won'tB.isn'tC.don'tD.doesn't

()28.mletyouknowassoonashe.

A.comesbackB.willcomeback

C.iscomingbackD.comeback

()29.1'm___busygettingreadyforChristmasIhavenotimetowritetoyou.

A.not,untilB.too,to

C.so,thatD.neither,nor

()30.ThisTVsetistoodear,itgivesyouabetterpicture.

A.orB.ifC.thoughD.and

()31.CouldyouaskTomtoringmeupifyouhimtomorrow.

A.metB.meetC.willmeetD.havemet

()32.Whileshe___TVinthesittingroom,thebell.

A.watches,ringsB.iswatching,rang

C.waswatchingD.watched,wasringing

()33.Marywillgoaftersheherhomework.

A.shops,finishB.shopping,finishes

C.toshop,finishingD.shopping,finish

()34.Heislisteningtothemusicheiswashingclothes.

A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.while

()35.TellMr.WangtogotoMr.Li'soffice,whenyouhim.

A.sawB.willseeC.areseeingD.see

()36.Theyuntilthemeetingwasover.

A.leftB.notleave

C.don'tleaveD.didn'tleave

()37.Thechildrensatatthetableuntiltheguests.

A.leaveB.areleavingC.leftD.hadleft

()38.ThefilmforhalfanhourwhenIgottothecinema.

A.hasbegunB.hadbeenon

C.begunD.begins

()39.Sheuntillateintothenight.

A.waitedB.cameC.wentD.started

()40.Hebegantodohishomeworkheturnedonthelight.

A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after

()41.Hedidn'tgotoswimyesterday___hewasill.

A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.andbecause

()42.LiPinggivesmemorehelpthanWangLin.

A.isB.hasC.doesD.gives

()43.PleasekeeptheboxformeIcomebacktonight.

A.whenB.asC.toD.until

()44.1boughtanumbrellatheweatherwasfine.

A.ifB.althoughC.becauseD.as

()45.Wegottothecinema____late_____therewerenoseatsleft.

A.too,toB.much,toC.very,thatD.so,that

()46.It____fiveyears_____Ileftthearmy.

A.is,sinceB.was,since

C.hasbeen,whenD.is,when

()47.Thoughitwasraininghard,____wasstillwaitingforhersonintherain.

A.butsheB.andsheC.sheD.soshe

()48.1haveknownhim____Iwasachild.

A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.before

()49.Jimhadfinishedhishomeworkhismothercameback.

A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.then

十二、賓語從句：充當賓語的句子

對賓語從句應注意以下三要素：

1.引導詞2.語序3.時態

1.引導詞

l)that引導一般疑問句意義的賓從(that可省)

eg.Hesays(that)theboyisalilltleweakinChinese.

2)疑問詞引導特殊疑問句意義的賓從

eg.①.Doyouknowwhowillgiveusatalk?

②.Idon'tknowwhosebookthatis.

(3).Couldyoupleasetellwhichgatewehavetogoto?

Iwonderwhenhewillcomeback.

注意：此類賓從的主語與主句的主語(或賓語)相同時，可替換為“疑問詞+todo"

eg.①.J_haven'tdecidedwherejwillgo

=1haven'tdecidedwhereto口o

②.HeaskedmewhaQbought

=Heaskedmewhattobuy.

類似短語：howtodowhattosay

whattodowheretogo

3)if/whether(是否)引導一般疑問句意義的賓從

eg.①.“Doyoulikethisbook?95sheaskedme.

=Sheaskedme____Ilikedthisbook.

②."HaveyouvisitedtheGreatWall?”Couldyoutellme?

=CouldyoutellmeyouhavevisitedtheGreatWall?

注意以下幾點：

i.區別if當作“是否”，還是“如果”

eg.Idon'tknowifhe(come)ifit(rain)tomorrow.

ii.用whether不用if的幾種情況

1)后接不定式

eg.Ican'tdecidewhethertogotoBeijing.

2)與or/ornot連用

eg.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillgototheparkornot.

3)在句首時

eg.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.

4)whether還可以引導讓步狀語從句，意為“不管，無論”

eg.Whetheritrainsornot,wearegoingtotheparktomorrow.

2.語序：賓從用陳述句語序

eg.1)1don't(A)knowwhether(B)willhe(C)come(D)tomorrow.

2)Heasks(A)mewhen(B)willyou(C)comeback(D).

3)Couldyoutell(A)howmanyplayers(B)arethere(C)in(D)afootballteam?

3.時態

主句賓語從句

一般現在時一切時態

過去范疇的某一時態（一般

一般過去時過去時；過去進行時；過去

完成時；過去將來時）

shegoestoschooleveryday.shewenttoschooleveryday.

彳日

eg.l)Shesays(that)<shehasbeenillforfivedays.2)Shesaidshehadbeenillforfivedays.

shewillcometomorrow.shewouldcomethenextday.

當賓語從句是指客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現象時，則只能用一般現在時。

eg.Shesaid(that)thesunrisesintheeast.

練習

()1.Alicewantedtoknowhergrandmalikedthedog.

A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what

()2.Canyoutellus?

A.wherehaveyougone

B.wherehaveyougone

C.whereyouhavebeen

D.wherehaveyoubeen

()3.Doyoustillremember?

A.thathesaidB.whathesaid

C.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay

()4.Theweatherherechangesveryoftenandwecan'ttellitwillbeliketomorrow.

A.thatB.howC.whatD.whether

()5.—Whatdidthescientistsay?

--Hesaidhewonderedifintospacebyspaceshiponeday.

A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldfly

C.canheflyD.couldhefly

()6.Doyouknow__fromWuhantoXi'an?

A.howfaritisB.howfarisit

C.howlongitisD.howlongisit

()7.Couldyoutellme?

A.wheredoyoulive

B.whoyouarewaitingfor

C.whowereyouwaitingfor

D.whereyoulivein

()8.—Isthelaketherebeautiful?

—Thisphotowillshowyou.

A.howdoesitlooklike

B.whatdoesitlooklike

C.howitlookslikeD.whatitlookslike

()9.1don'tknowboughtthepresentforme.IsitJack?

A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what

()10.Couldyoushowus____abike?

A.howtomendB.whattobuy

C.wheretogoD.howmanytobuy

()11.1don'tknowJanewaslateforschoolthismorning.

A.whoB.whatC.whomD.why

()12.―Doyourememberhecame?—Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.

A.thatB.ifC.howD.when

()13.Mikesaidhe__acoldforafewdays.

A.hascaughtB.hadcaught

C.hashadD.hadhad

()14.1don'tknowifhehere.Ifhe,Tiltellyou.

A.willcome,comesB.comes,willcome

C.comes,comesD.willcome,willcome

()15.Couldyoutellmebest?

A.whichoneyoulikeB.whichonedoyoulike

C.doyoulikewhichoneD.youlikewhichone

()16.Theteachertoldthechildrenthattheeartharoundthesun.

A.movesB.moved

C.hadmovedD.wasmoving

()17.Nobodyknowswhichfactory.

A.doesheworkB.heworks

C.doesheworkinD.heworksin

()18.Hesaidthatnooneknew___withhim.

A.whatisthematterB.whatwasthematter

C.whatthematterisD.whatthematterwas

()19.Fminterestedinornotheiscoming.

A.whetherB.ifC.whenD.why

()20.FmsorrythatIyouwerehere.

A.didn'tknowB.don'tknow

C.won'tknowD.can'tknow

十三、定語從句：在句中作定語的句子，它修飾一個名詞或代詞，這個被修飾的名詞、

代詞叫做先行詞。

一、引導詞（關系詞）：位于從句與先行詞之間，起連接作用，同時在從句中充當一定的成

分。先行詞分兩類：1.關系代詞who（作主語）,whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）,which

（作主語、賓語）,that（作主語、賓語）.2.關系副詞when,where,why.

注意：1.如果關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，引導詞可以省略.

eg.Thetrees（that）wehaveplantedgrowwell.

2.關系代詞作賓語時，可放在介詞后。但當關系代詞是that時，則不能放在介詞后。

eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived

=ThisisthehousewhichLuXunoncelivedin.

=ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin

二、如何選用引導詞：一般情況引導詞的選用是受先行詞決定的一一先行詞是人時用that,

who,whom,whose;先行詞是物時用that,which;先行詞是時間、地點時用when,where.

eg.l）Theboywho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisJim.站在樹下的那個男孩時Jim.

2）Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisadriver?你認識那個媽媽是司機的女孩嗎?

3）Haveyoubeentothefactorywhereyourfatherworks?你去過你爸爸工作的工廠嗎?

但注意區別who/that（指人）；which/that（指物）

1.修飾人只用who的情況：

a.先行詞是one,ones,anyone,those時。

b.therebe句型中修飾名詞時。

c.先行詞后有一個較長的定語。

eg.1）Anyonewhohasn'thandedinhishnme?workshouldstayafterschool.沒交作業的任何

人放學后都要留下。

2）Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.校門口有位想見你的女孩。

3）Didyouseethemanintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhoworearedshirt?昨天下午在公

園你見過那個穿紅襯衫的人嗎?

2.修飾人或物只用that的情況：

a.先行詞為指物的不定代詞all,much,little,few,everything,something,anything,

nothing

b.先行詞前有最高級、序數詞及last,only,very,all,no時

c.先行詞既有人，又有物時

d.主句是who/which引導的特殊疑問句，而先行詞又指人或物時。

eg.l）IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有讓我做的事嗎？

2）Heistheonlyonethatcanhelpusatthemoment.他是現在能幫助我們的唯一的人。

3）Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他談論著他拜訪過的老師和

參觀過的學校。

4）WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?我們上周星期天用過的機器是哪一臺?

3.修飾物只用which的情況：

a.先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時

b.先行詞為that時

eg.l）ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.這就是魯迅以前住過的房子。

2）What'sthatwhichyouareholdinginyourarms?你抱著的那個是什么?

*三、定語從句可簡化為短語

1.定語從句為被動語態時可簡化為過去分詞短語；定語從句為現在進行時可簡化為現在分

詞短語。

2.定語從句的謂語(be)后是介詞短語，可簡化為介詞短語作定語。

3.定語從句的謂語動詞含情態動詞，可簡化為不定式。

eg.1)1boughtabookthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.

=IboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun.

2)Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingtherenottodothat.

=Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottodothat.

3)Thebookthatisonthetableismine.

=Thebookonthetableismine.

4)Wehavenothingthatweshouldfear.

=Wehavenothingtofear.

練習

一、用適當的關系代詞填空

l.Isittheveryhouseyoulivedintenyearsago?

2.Thewomansitsnexttothedoorismymother.

3.mneverforgettheyearIjoinedtheLeague.

4.1tisthehouseIwasborn.

5.Thehouseroofisbrokenhasbeenrepaired.

二、用短語來改寫下面的定語從句部分。

l.ThemanthatistalkingwithMaryismybrother.

2.Thisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyaworker

3.ThestudentwhoisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.

4.Shehasalotofworkthatshemustdo.

三、選擇填空

()1.Themanwasafriendofmine.

A.thatyoujusttalkedto

B.whomyoujusttalkedtohim

C.whoyoujusttalkedtohim

D.whichyoujusttalkedto

()2.Thisisthebestfilmhasbeenshownthisyear.

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.when

()3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inwhere

()4.Mr.Litoldusthestonesandwriters____interestedhim

A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which

()5.Myfatherstillrememberstheday___hejoinedthearmy.

A.whenB.which

C.towhichD.fromwhich

()6.mneverforgetthesummerholidayswespenttogether.

A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.how

()7-Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?

一Yes,hedoes.

A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who

()8.TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.

A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that

()9.1hatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.

A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who

()10.—WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?

一Oh!It'sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

()11.1hatethepeopledon'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.

A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where

()12.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

()13.ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.

A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which

()14.Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.

A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when

()15.Themoonisaworld__thereisnolife.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why

()16.Hehasforgottentheday___hearrived.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

()17.Hestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich

()18.Mr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.

A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which

()19.Hegottothevillagehisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

()20.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.

A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where

()21.Hedidn'ttellmetheplacehewasbom.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

()22.Helivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when

十五、反意疑問句

由“陳述句+附加疑問句”兩部分構成。一般有兩種形式：前肯后否或前否后肯。對

附加疑問部分應注意以下幾點：1)主語只能用人稱代詞;2)附加疑問句的not必須與(be

幽情)縮寫；3)附加疑問句的時態必須與陳述部分的時態一致。

eg.l)Tomisawork,isn'tTom?(找錯)

2)Youcanswim,cannotyou?(找錯)

3)Hehadlunch,doesn'the?(找錯)

特別注意以下幾種反意疑問句

1.陳述部分含否定意味的詞(few,little,

never,nothing,nobody,no,hardly,none),附加疑問句應使用肯定形式(但前綴詞unhappy,

unlike,disappear等歹U夕卜)

eg.Theyareunhappy,aren'tthey?

2.陳述部分的主語是everything,something,nothing,anything時,附加疑問句的主語應用it；

陳述部分的主語是everybody,somebody,nobody,everyone,noone時,附加疑問句的主語應

用theyo

eg.l)Everythingisready,?

2)Everyoneishere,?

3.陳述部分是祈使句時，附加疑問句一般用：willyou?但注意：

Let's...,shallwe?

Letus,willyou?

4.陳述部分含must時，附加疑問句一般用neednt

eg.Imustfinishmyworknow,?

5.陳述部分是therebe結構時,應用therebe結構來完成。

eg.There'slittlewater,

*6.陳述部分含賓語從句時，疑問部分通常與主句一致。但當主句的謂語動詞是think,believe

且主語是I,we時，即：

I/Wethink(believe)+賓從，則附加問句應與從句一致。Fmsure+賓從也是如此

eg.l)ShesaidIdidit,?

2)Wedon'tthinkyouareright,?

3)Fmsureyou'llhelpme,?

*7.Fm…，aren'tI?

eg.Iamolderthanyou,?

8.陳述部分含hadbetter,疑問部分應用hadbetter來回答。

eg.You'dbettergoout,?

9.陳述部分是感嘆句，附加問句的人稱代詞應與主語一致。

eg.l)Whatakindgirl,?

2)Whatafineday,?

練習

()1.Youhadtoworkfor10hoursyesterday,?

A.didn'tyouB.didnotyou

C.hadnotyouD.didyou

()2.Don,teattoomuch,?

A.willyouB.don'tyouC.doyouD.canyou

()3.LilylookslikeLucy,?

A.isLilyB.isn'tshe

C.doesLilyD.doesn'tshe

()4.—Youdidn'tchangeyourmind,didyou

A.No,Ididn'tB.Yes,didI

C.No,IdidD.Yes,Ididn't

()5.Thewomanhardlyletherdaughtergotoschool,she?

A.doesB.doesn'tC.didD.didn't

()6.Besuretocometotheparents'meetingontime,?

A.willyouB.aren'tyou

C.can'tyouD.mustn'tyou

()7.Let'shaveagoodrest,?

A.willweB.dowe

C.shalln'tweD.shallwe

()8.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,___?

A.doesheB.hashe

C.hasn'theD.doesn't

()9.Tomhassupperatschool,___?

A.hasn'theB.hashe

C.doesn'theD.doeshe

()10.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,___?

A.isn'tthereB.isn'tit

C.isitD.isthere

十六、簡單句的五種句型

1.主語+不及物動詞（主、謂結構）

eg.Heisworking.

2.主語+及物動詞+賓語（主、謂、賓結構）

eg.WestudyEnglisheveryday.

3.主語+連系動詞+表語（主、系、表結構）

eg.Treesturngreen.

常見的連系動詞有：be;become;get;turn;feel;look（看起來）；smell（聞起來）；sound（聽起

來）；taste（嘗起來）；seem（似乎）.

特別注意：形容詞常作表語

4.主語+及物動詞+間賓（人）+宜賓（物）

=主語+及物動詞+直賓（物）+to/for+間賓（人）

常用的此類動詞有：give;pass;show;lend;buy.但buy與for連用

eg.1）1gavehimabook.

=Igaveabooktohim.

2）Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.

=Mymotherboughtapenforme.

5.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓補

注意作賓補的詞：1）名詞（指賓語是誰/什么）；2）形容詞；3）不定式；4）動詞的ing形

式。

eg.l）WecallhimJim.

2）Wemustkeepthewindowopen.

3）Hetoldmetowashtheplates.

4）1sawathiefgoingintoyourroom.

特別注意：

1）動詞不定式作賓補

A:ask/want/tellsbtodosth.

其否定式為：ask/want/tellsbnottodosth

2）省to不定式作賓補，即：

（1,m,n;3h;2看；If）sbdosth

1—let,m-make,n一notice;3h-hear,have,help;2看一see,watch;If-feel.

eg.l）Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hourseveryday.

2）1oftenhearhimsing.

2）區別省to不定式作賓補與動詞ing形式作賓補.

hear/seesbdo:聽見/看見某人做了某事

hear/seesbdoing:聽見/看見某人在做某事

IIV知識要點

1.問職業：

Whatbe+主語？=Whatdoes/do+主語+do?

eg.Heisateacher.（提問）

he?

2.1fsnicetalkingtoyou.與你談話真高興。

△3.表方式的短語

l）onfoot

2）by+交通名詞單數（無冠詞）

=in/ona（the;物主代詞；名詞所有格）

eg.1）bybike=onabikebycar=inacar

2）Hegoestoworkbyabikeeveryday.（改錯）

-must:個人主觀上認為“必須”（無時態變化）

4：haveto:有外部條件強加的客觀上的“不得不”（存在各種時態）

eg.1）Istoponthewaybecauseoftherain.

2）IstopbecauseFmalittletired.

%.提建議

Shallwe...?］答育定：Goodidea/OK/

Let's…■vAllright

Whynot...?J語否定：No,let's…

”肯定：Certainly/Yes,please/

另外還可回答為Yes,Ithinkso/Tdloveto

否定：No,Idon'tthinkso/

I'mafraidnot.

jputon強調“穿”的動作：穿上，戴今后接

△《wear是puton之后的結果：穿著卜衣服”

\=