專升本英語（閱讀理解）模擬試卷34

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共25分。）

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity（多樣化）istakingplace.Itis

takingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotof

contactwithtopcorporate（公司的）leaders;noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridof

thoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesareto

competeintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.

Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswchavetoexpandthe

poolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearegrowingandatwheie

ihepopulalionisshilling,corporateAmericaunderslandsIhalexpandingthepoolmeans

Dromotingpoliciesihalhelpprovideskillstomoreminorilies,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywill

nothavetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywill

need.Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,"Let'sgobackward.Let'Lgo

backtoihegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy（不拘一格選人才）"，whichwas

neverUue-weneverhadameritocracy、althoughwe'vecomedosertoilinihelasl30

years.IrecentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubled

itsminoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohas

beenprofessorthereforalongtime.Andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthe

community,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Nowallofusfeel

thewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewchearthisdebatesisprimarilyin

politicalcirclesandinthemedia——notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.

1Theword"imperative"（Para.l）mostprobablyreferstosomething.

A、superficial

B>remarkable

C^debatable

D^essential

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中具體語言環(huán)境可知該詞的意思為“必需的，不可缺少的“，故

選D。

2、Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?

A^Minorities.

B、Politicians.

C、Professors.

D^Managers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中前兩句Itisveryinlereslingtonotewherethedebateabout

diversity（多樣化）istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.可知對

多樣化的討論多發(fā)生在政界，所以應(yīng)該是政客談?wù)摰妮^多。故選B。

3、Highcorporateleaderseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto.

A、lowertherateofunemployment

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D^satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第一段Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompete

intheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.可知公司

要在市場上更具競爭力就要注意多樣化發(fā)展，故C正確。

4、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D、minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第二段...whichwasnevertrueweneverhada

meritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.及后面的Nowall

ofusfeelthewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.口J知選A。

5、Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansocietyby.

A、expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B、promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C、trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D、providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章意思Americaunderstandsthacexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.因此D為確選項。

Readingisthoughttobeakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetext.The

readerputsquestions,asitwere,tothetextandgetsanswers.Inthelightoftheseheputs

furtherquestions,andsoon.Formostofthetimethis"conversation"goesonbelowthe

levelofconsciousness.Artimes,however,webecomeawareofit.Thisisusuallywhen

wearerunningintodifficulties,whenmismatchisoccurringbetweenexpectationsand

meaning.Whensuccessfulmatchingisbeingexperiencedourquestioningofthetext

continuesattheunconsciouslevel.Differentpeopleconversewithtextdifferently.Some

stayveryclosetothewordsonthepage;otherstakeoffimaginativelyfromthewords,

interpreting,criticizing,analyzingandexamining.Theformerrepresentsakindof

comprehensionwhichiswritteninthetext.Thelatterrepresentshigherlevelsof

comprehension.Thebalancebetweentheseisimportant,especiallyforadvancedreaders.

Thereisanotherconversationwhichfromourpointofviewisequallyimportant,andthat

istodonotwithwhatisreadbutwithhowitisread.Wecallthisa"process"

conversationasopposedtoa"content"conversation.Itisconcernednotwithmeaning

butwiththestrategies（策略）weemployinreading.Ifweareanadvancedreaderour

abilitytoholdacontentconversationwithatextisusuallyprettywelldeveloped.Notso

ourabilitytoholdaprocessconversation.Itispreciselythiskindofconversationthatis

ofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemands

beingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

6^Readingasakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetextbecomesconscious

onlywhen.

A、thereader,sexpectationsagreewithwhatissaidinthetext

thereaderhastroubleunderstandingwhattheauthorsays

C、thereaderasksquestionsandgetsanswers

D、thereaderunderstandsatextverywell

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：文章第二段Formostofthetimethis"conversation"goesonbelowthe

levelofconsciousness.Atlimes,however,webecomeawareofit.Thisisusually

whenwearerunningintodifficulties,whenmismatchisoccurringbetweenexpectations

andmeaning.此題的關(guān)鍵是讀出attimes相當(dāng)于題目中的when。

7^Atalowerlevelofcomprehension,readerstendto.

A、readatextslowly

B、readwithoutthinkinghard

C、interpretatextintheirownway

D、concentrateonthemeaningofwordsonly

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：文章第三段Someslayveryclosetothewordsonthepage.故選D.

8、A"process"conversationhastodowith.

A、theapplicationofreadingstrategies

B、matchingourexpectationswiththemeaningofatext

C^thedevelopmentofourabilitytocheckthedetails

D、determiningthemainideaofatext

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：文中第四段Wccallthisa^process^conversationasopposedto

a4€contentMconversation.Itisconcernednotwithmeaningbutwiththestrategies（?

略）weemployinreading,這里的關(guān)鍵是讀出it指代的是process□

9、Accordingtothepassage,itisofgreatimportanceforreadersatahigherlevelto

maintainabalancebetween.

A、consciousandunconsciouslevelsofcomprehension

B>thereaders'expectationsandthemeaningofatext

C>lowerandhigherlevelsofcomprehension

D^interpretingandcriticizingatext

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：文章第三段Thelatterrepresentshigherlevelsofcomprehension.The

balancebetweentheseisimportant,especiallyforadvancedreaders.這里的advanced

reader即是題目中的readersalahigherlevel0

10>Ifwewanttodevelopourreadingabilityatanadvancedlevel,weshould.

A、learntousedifferentapproachesinreadingdifferenttexts

makeourreadingprocessmoreconscious

C^paymoreattentiontothecontentofatext

D、takeacriticalattitudetowardstheauthor'sideas

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：文章最后一段最后一句Itispreciselythiskindofconversationthatisof

importancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeing

placeduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.故A對。

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity（多樣化）istakingplace.It

istakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotof

contactwithtopcorporate（公司的）leaders;noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridof

thoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesarcto

competeintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.

Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthe

poolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearegrowingandatwhere

thepopulationisshifting,corporateAmericaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnot

havetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywillneed.

Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,"Let'sgobackward.Let'sgobackto

thegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy（不拘一格選人才）“，whichwasnever

true—weneverhadameritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.I

recentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubledits

minoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohasbeen

professorthereforalongtime.Andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthe

community,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Nowallofusfeel

thewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewehearthisdebatesisprimarilyin

politicalcirclesandinthemedia—notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.

11、Thewordimperative（Para.1）mostprobablyreferstosomething.

A、superficial

B、remarkable

C、debatable

D、essential

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中具體語言環(huán)境可知該詞的意思為“必需的，不可缺少的“，故

選Do

12>Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?

A、Minorities.

B、Politicians.

C、Professors.

D、Managers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中的兩句Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateabout

diversity（多樣化）istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.可知對

多樣化的討論多發(fā)生在政界，所以應(yīng)該是政客談?wù)摰妮^多。故選B。

13、Highcorporateleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto.

A^lowertherateofunemployment

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D、satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第一段Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompete

intheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.可知公

司要在市場上更具競爭力就要注意多樣化發(fā)展，故C正確。

14、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A、meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D、minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第二段...whichwasnevertrue一weneverhadameritocracy,

althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.及后面的Nowallofusfeelthe

wayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.可知選A。

15^Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansocietyby.

A、expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B、promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C、trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D、providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章意思Americaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.因此D為正確選項。

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesor

centimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofa

millimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwoto

fourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyou

enlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofa

pinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile（1.6

kilometers）tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.

Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrods

ordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecansee

thatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella（鞭毛）.

Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthe

water.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,while

otherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthe

bacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toa

bacterium,waterisasthickasmolasses（糖漿）istous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyare

influencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmolecules（分子）aroundthem.Bacteria

underthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.This

isbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarcpushedthiswayandthat.

Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesarounda

bacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones.Evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethus

constantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

16、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B、Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthan

apinhead.

C、Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructure

ofabacteriumclearly.

D、Walermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第一段"Rodshapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicrons

long,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter”，可明顯得出rod-

shapedbacteria比roundedbacteria要大，故A正確。

17、Accordingtothepassage,onewhoexaminesbacteriawithanordinarymicroscope,

usingamagnificationof：00timeswillsee.

A、tinyrods

B、stains

C、wavy-lookinghairs

D、detailedstructures

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文中第二段前兩句"Usingamagnificationof100times,onefinds

thatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots”，故選A。

18、Theenvironmentaroundbacteriaisalwayschangingbecause.

A、moleculesaroundbacteriamoveveryfast

B、thewaterisasthickasmolasses

C^thereisalargenumberofmoleculesaroundbacteria

D、newbacteriaalwaysreplacetheoldones

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)文章第三段“Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofa

secondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones”,故選A。

19>Theauthorcompareswatertomolassesinordertoshow.

A、howdifficultitisforbacteriatomovethroughthewater

howdifferentthebacterialworldisfromthehumanworld

C^howthewatermoleculeswork

D、whatdifferentbacteriaoneliquidcontainsfromanother

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析?：由文章第三段前三句可知作者將水比作糖漿是為了說明“水對于細(xì)菌

來說就相當(dāng)于糖漿對于人類一樣稠，所以細(xì)菌在水中運動起來就很困難”，故選

Ao

20,Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostsimilartowhichofthe

following?

A、Aflagattachedtoastick.

B、Acowboyonthecow,sback.

C、Adoorclosedbyanaughtyboy.

D、Aboatpushedbythemotor.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析:根據(jù)文章第二段最后幾句“…somebacieriahaveattachedtothem

wavy—looking'hairs^alledflagella...Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathrough

thewater.”可知D更確切。

Psychologyandsociologyarebothcategorizedassocialsciences,andbothstudyhuman

behavior.However,psychologyisthestudyofindividualbehavior,whereassociologyis

thestudyofgroupbehavior.Psychologydealswiththepossibleproblemsanindividual

mighthaveinsocialinteractionwithotherindividuals,butthemainconcernofsociology

isthewaysthatdifferentsocietieswithdifferentculturesdealwitheachother.Sociology

asksandtriestoanswerquestionslikethese:whydoesonesocietyprogressrapidlyand

anotheroneremainprimitiveforcenturies?Whatisthemainreasonforrevolutionina

society?Whatistheroleofreligionorartinasociety?Psychologyasksandtriesto

answerquestionslikethese;whydoesanindividualadapteasilytoachanging

environmentandanotherindividualbecomementallydisturbed?Whatarethecausesof

antisocialbehavior?Whatroledoesreligionorartplayinanindividual'smentaland

emotionallife?Psychologyandsociologyoftenworktogetherintheirstudyofhuman

behavior.Itisassumedthatbybetterunderstandingindividualmotivationandbehavior,

morewillbelearnedaboutgroupmotivationandbehavior.Thereverseisalsoassumed:

ifscientistscanlearnmoreaboutsocialgroups,theywilllearnmoreaboutindividuals.

21、Whatwouldbeanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

A^PsychologyandSociology

B、IndividualandGroup

C、HumanBehaviorStudy

D、MainConcernsofSocialSciences

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：文章第一段講了心理學(xué)和社會學(xué)的定義及區(qū)別，第二段重點講社會

學(xué)，第三段重點講心理學(xué)，最后一段講兩者之間的合作互利。故A對。

22、Whichofthefollowingquestionsistheco