專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷110

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。）

Acomputerisamachinedesignedtoperformworkmathematicallyandtostoreand

selectinformationthathasbe^nfedintoit.Itisrunbyeithermechanicalorelectronic

means.Thesemachinescandoagreatdealofcomplicatedworkinaveryshorttime.A

largecomputer,forexample,canaddorsubtractninethousandtimesasecond,multiplya

thousandtimesasecond,ordividefivehundredtimesasecond.Itspercentageoferroris

aboutoneinabilliondigits.Ithasbeenestimatedthathumanbeingsmakingcalculations

averageaboutonemistakepertwohundreddigits.Theheartofanelectroniccomputer

liesinitsvacuumtubes,ortransistors.Itselectroniccircuitsworkathousandtimesfaster

thanthenervecellsinthehumanbrain.Aproblemthatmighttakeahumanbeingtwo

tearstosolvecanhesolvedbyacomputerinoneminute,butinordertoworkproperly,a

computermustbegiveninstructions-itmustbeprogrammec.Computerscanbe

designedformanyspecializedpurposes—theycanbeusedtopreparepayrolls,guide

airplaneflights,directtraffic,evenplaychess.Computersplayanessentialrolein

modernautomationinmanyplantsandfactoriesthroughouttheworld.

1、Acomputerisamachinedesignedto.

A、performworkmathematically

B、performcomplicatedcalculations

C、storeandselectinformation

D^allof（heabove

標準答案：D

知識點解析：由文章第一段第一句"Acomputerisamachinedesignedtoperform

workmathematicallyandcostoreandselectinformationthathasbeenfedintoit.”及后

面的“Thesemachinescandoagreatdealofcomplicatedworkinaveryshorttime.“可

知D項正確。

2、Theselectioncallsthevacuumtubestheelectroniccomputer's.

A^nervecells

B、brain

C、nervoussystem

D^heart

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文章第二段第一句說到“Theheartofanelectroniccomputerliesinits

vacuumtubes”，故選D。

3、Theselectionsaysthatcomputersplayanessentialrolesin.

A、automationprocesses

B、mathematicalcomputations

C、trafficcontrol

D、thedevelopmentofmathematicaltheory

標準答案:A

知識點解析：文章第三段最后一句說至『'Computersplayanessentialroleinmodern

automationinmanyplantsandfactoriesthroughouttheworld.”其中"inmodem

automation”與A選項對應。

4、Theuseofcomputersforspecializedpurposesdependsonthe.

A、designofcomputer

B、powerusedtooperatethecomputer

C、difficultyofthemathematicalcalculationsinvolved

D、theabilityoftheprogrammer

標準答案：A

知識點解析:文章第三段第一句話說到"Computerscanbedesignedformany

specializedpurposes—theycanbeusedtopreparepayrolls,guideairplaneflights,

directtraffic,evenplaychess.”可推知電腦可以被設計用于不同的目的，因此正確

答案為A。

5、Theselectionimpliesthathumanbeingsdifferfromcomputersinthathuman

beings.

A、makefewererrors

B、donothavetobeprogrammed

C、workmorequickly

D^understandtheirinstructions

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第二段最后一句說到“…acomputermustbegiveninstructions—it

mustbeprogrammed.”這是計算機和人的不同之處，故選B。

The"balanceofnature"isnotanemptyphrase.Natureprovidesapopulationtooccupya

suitableenvironmentandcutsdownsurpluspopulationtofittheavailablefoodsupply.

Onemeansofreducingsurpluspopulationispredators（食肉動4勿）；othersareparasites

（寄生蟲）anddiseases.Also,populationdensityproducesnervousdisordersandeven

drivesanimalstomassmigrations,likethelemmings（旅鼠）ofNonvaywhoplunge

inlo（跳人）Ihesea.Thatpredatorspopulationsincreasetocontrolotheranimalshaslong

beenknown.Manyyearsago,theHudson'sBayCompanyrecordsrevealedthatthefbx

populationwentupanddownaboutayearaftertherabbitpopulationhadgoneupand

down.Sometimesasituationoccursinwhichthepredatorspopulationisreducedtoa

levelbelowthatwhichnaturecanreadilyreplace.OnValcourIslandinLakeChamplain

（NewYork）,acostlycampaignresultedintheeliminationofpredatoryanimalsonlyto

havebirdsandsmallanimals—includinggrouse（松雞）andhares,populargame（獵物）一

increaseforfouryear*a什erward.Thenlackingpredatorcontml,natureresortedto

diseasestocutdownthesepopulations.Jamaicahadanexampleofnature'spersistencein

providinganimalsforexistinghabits.Sugarplanters,abom75yearsago,imponed

mongoosestocontrolrats.Themongooseskilledofftheratsand,withplentifulfood,

multiplied.Ratsbecamescarceand(hemongoosesatelambs,kids,puppies(小狗)，and

wildlife.Eventually,foodbecamescarceandthemongoose'spopulationdeclined.

6、Accordingtothearticle,thephrase"balanceofnature"means.

A^therelationofwildlifetoman

B、theadequacyofthefoodsupplytosupportitsanimalpopulation

C、theratioofsmallgametopredators

D^(hedestructionofpredators

標準答案：B

知識點解析：thebalanceofnature的意思在文中第一段第二句便作了解釋：Nature

providesapopulationtooccupyasuitableenvironmentandcutsdownsurpluspopulation

(ofittheavailablefoodsupply.故B正確。

7、Theeffectofpredatorcontroloverotheranimalpopulations.

A^hasjustbeenlearned

B、isnotrecentknowledge

C、isnotimportantnow

D、waslearnedinNorway

標準答案：B

知識點解析：第二段中第一句說到“Thatpredatorspopulationsincreasetocontrol

otheranimalshaslongbeenknown.”這里的longbeenknown意為“很久以來便知道

的即是選項B的意思。

8、Whenpredatorscontrolisnotavailable,naturebringsanimalpopulationintobalance

byresortingto.

A^hunters

diseases

C、stormsandflood

D、forestfires

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第三段At最后一句說到“Thenlackingpredatorcontrol,nature

resortedtodiseasestocutdownthesepopulations.”而且在文中的第一段已指出有三

種方式：其一食肉動物，其二寄生蟲，其三是疾病。這里的nature即用的是第三種

方式。故選B。

9、WhenthemongoosesinJamaicakilledofftherats,they.

A、quicklydiedforlackoffood

B、attackedhumans

C、becameproblemsthemselves

atethesugarcrop

標準答案：C

知識點解析：第四段結尾說至『'Themongooseskilledofftheratsand,withplentiful

food,multiplied.Ratsbecamescarceandmongoosesatelambs,kids,puppies（小

狗）andwildlife.”可推知mongooses殺了rats后,它們自身生存也成了問題。故選

Co

10^Impliedbutnotstated;.

A、Sugarplantersimportedmongoosestocontrolrats

B、Manshouldneverlamper（損害）withnature

C、Toupsetthebalanceofnaturecanbetroublesome

D、Manhascompletecontrolovernature

標準答案；C

知識點解析：文中一開始便提到了自然界的平衡，而文中結尾處舉的例子也表明，

破壞平衡會造成問題。故選C。

Inspiteofthestrongoppositiontonewandstrictenvironmentallaws,however,itisstill

possibletoattacktheproblemofchemicalpollution;butwemustattackitfromthree

directions.First,weneedmoreindependentresearchintotheeffectsofchemicalsby

scientistswhoarenotpaidbythegovernmentorbylargeindustrialcompanies.Second,

scientistsneedtoeducatethegeneralpublicandinform（hemaboutthedangersof

chemicalsin（heenvironment.Ifthepublicknows（hatacertainchemicalthreatensthe

healthoftheirchildren,thenitwillputpressureonpoliticians,inlocalandnational

government.Ifthepoliticianwanttoremaininoffice,theywilltakeactiontocorrectthe

long-termeconomiccostsofchemicals.Itwillbeextremelyexpensivetocleanareasof

landwhicharecontaminated（污染）bychemicals;i（willbeevenmorecostlytogive

medicaltreatmenttopeoplewhoaresufferingfromseriousillnessesafterexposureto

dangerouschemicals.Ifgovernmentsrealizethis,theshort-termeconomicbenefitsof

chemicalswillseemmuchlessattractivetothem.Ifwecanputpressureongovernments

inthesethreeways,perhapstheywillbegintobehavemoreresponsibly.Theywill

perhapspassnewlawsagainstpollutionandenforcethemstrictly.Perhaps,then,the

chemicalproducerswillbegintobehavemoreresponsibly.

11、Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A^TheEnvironmentinDanger

B、TheProblemofChemicalPollution

C、NewandStrictEnvironmentalLaws

D、PossibleSolutionstoChemicalPollution

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文章開頭便是中心句”…itisstillpossibletoattacktheproblemof

chemicalpollution；butwemustattackitfromthreedirections.”因此D正確。

12、Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

A^Twocontrastingviewsofaproblemarepresented.

B、Aprocedureisexplainedanditsimportanceisemphasized.

C、Ageneralstatementisgivenandpossiblewaysarcpresented.

D、Recentscientificadvancementsareoutlinedinorderofimportance.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據文章結構可知，文章一開始提出了中心問題，即要解決化學污染

問題，而后從三個方面提出解決方法。所以文章的結構是先提出論點，然后從三個

方面進行論證。故選C。

13、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthegovernmentsmentionedin(hepassage?

A、Theyarcalreadybehavinginanextremelyresponsibleway.

B、Theydonotbelievethatitispossibletosolvethechemicalpollution.

C、Theythinkchemicalsdolittleharmtothehealthofhumans.

D、Theyareunwillingtostoptheuseofcertainchemicals.

標準答案；D

知識點解析：從第一，段最后一句話“Ifgovernmentsrealizethis?theshort—term

economicbenefitsofchemicalswillseemmuchlessattractivetothem.”可推理出目前

化學制品的經濟利益依然對政府很有吸引力，因此政府不樂意停止使用化學制品。

故D正確。

14、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A、Theeconomyismoreimportanttogovernmentsthanthepeople'shealthis.

B、Governmentsthinkchemicalsbringthemmoreeconomicpollution.

C、Thepublicknowsenoughaboutthedangersofchemicalpollution.

D、Thegovernmentsfullyrealizethelong-termeconomiccostsofchemicalpollution.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：由第1段第四句”…thenitwillputpressureonpoliticiansinoffice,and

Iheywill..”可看出政府沒有完全意識到化學污染的危害，而更多的在乎經濟利益，

文章一直用if來表示將來政府會怎么做，因此選A更為正確。

15、Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenif(hegovernmentsstoptheuseofsome

chemicals?

A^Theeconomyofthecountrieswillsuffer.

B、Unemploymentin(hecountrieswillgrow.

C、Somepeopleandscientistswillcriticizethem.

D^Thechemicalproducerswillstronglyprotest.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：從文章第一段可知，使用某些化學制品會帶來經驗效益，所以可推

出，一旦停止使用化學制品，經濟必會遭到損失。故選A。

Believeitornot,opticalillusioncancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.1(has

reducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleoptical

illusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons,paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthatthey

aredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.Now(heAmerican

AutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningto

repeatJapan'ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandother

patternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatterns

reducehighwaycrashes.Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofall

fataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,the

foundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarcthegreatest一

curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,

horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.

However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedto

seeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthat

(heyaredrivingfaster(hantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.

Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftraffic

accidents.

16、Thepassagemainlydiscusses.

A^anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrol

B、anewpatternforpaintinghighways

C、anewapproachtotrainingdrivers

D、anewtypeofopticalillusion

標準答案：A

知識點解析：第一段點明了文章的主旨，接下來分層介紹了利用視覺錯覺減少高速

路上交通事故的方法和好處，因此應選A。

17>Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat.

A、theyshouldavoidspccd-rciatcdhazards

B、theyaredrivinginthewronglane

C^theyshouldslowdowniheirspeed

D、theyarcapproachingthespeedlimit

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題答案可定位在第二段最后一句話“Bentstripes...andthusdrivers

slowdown."，think和feel屬于關鍵詞替換，think后面就是答案：認為他們開的

比實際速度要快，然后會慢下來。故選C。

18、Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformer.

A、cankeepdriversawake

R、cancutrendaccidentsinhalf

C、willhavealongereffectondrivers

D、willlookmoreattractive

標準答案：C

知識點解析：從文章最后一段的最后一句可知，人字形線能較長期降低汽車在公路

上的行駛速度和減少交通事故的次數。而且第五段最后一句說“However,traffic

oftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepainted

bars."(然而，往往幾個月后車輛又恢復全速，因為司機已習慣看到那些橫線)。兩

者比較，人字形的影響時間更長，所以選C。

19、TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplans

to.

A^tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareas

B、changetheroadsignsacrossthecountry

C、replacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevrons

D、repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題可從第三段中找答案，A中repeal和文中iryout、onselected

roads和文中incertainareas都是同義替換,答案就是A。

20Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?

A、TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.

B、Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.

C、Theyarcapplicableonlyonbroadroads.

D、Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：由第五段最后一句"However,trafficoften...asdriversbecome

usedtoseeing(hepaintedbars.”可知當司機們看習慣了那些直的、水平的條紋后，

又會恢復全速開車。因此B項符合題意。

Abreakthrough(突破)intheprovisionofenergyfromthesunfortheEuropean

EconomicCommunity(EEC)couldbebroughtforwardbyuptotwodecades,ifamodest

increasecouldbeprovidedintheEECsresearcheffortinthisfield,according(o(he

seniorEECscientistsengagedinexperimentsinsolarenergyatEECsscientific

laboratoriesatIspra,nearMilan.TheseniorWestGermanscientistinchargeofthe

Community'ssolarenergyprogram,Mr.JoachimGretz,toldjournaliststhatatpresent

levelsofresearchspendingitwasmostunlikelythatsolarenergywouldprovideasmuch

asthreepercentoftheCommunity'senergyrequirementsevenaftertheyear2000.Buthe

saidthatwithamodestincreaseinthepresentsums,devotedbytheEECtothisworkit

waspossiblethatthebreakthroughcouldbeachievedbytheendofthenextdecade.Mr.

GrctzcalculatesthatifsolarenergyonlyprovidedthreepercentoftheEEC'sneeds,this

couldstillproduceasavingofaboutabillionpoundsinthepresentbillforimported

energyeachyear.Andhebelievesthatwiththepossibilityofutilizingmoreadvanced

technologyinthisfielditmightbepossibletosatisfyamuchbiggershareofthe

Community'sfutureenergyneeds.AtpresenttheEECspendsabout2.6millionsayear

onsolarresearchatIspra,oneoftheEEC'sofficialjointresearchcenters,andanother3

millionsayearinindirectresearchwithuniversitiesandotherindependentbodies.

21、Thephrase"bebroughtforward"inLine2mostprobablymeans.

A、beexpected

B、becompleted

C、beadvanced

D、beintroduced

標準答案：C

知識點解析：forward本義有“向前”的意思，bringforward意思是“把...提前”。在

本句中它有“向前發展??的意思，故C為最佳選項。

22>Somescientistsbelieve(hatabreakthroughintheuseofsolarenergydepends

on.

Assufficientfunding

B、furtherexperiments

C、advancedtechnology

D^well-equippedlaboratories

標準答案：A

知識點解析：文章第二段第一句提出”...atpresentlevelsofresearchspendingitwas

mostunlikelythat…''和最后——句“…withamodestincreaseinthepresentsums,

devotedbytheEECtothisworkitwaspossiblethat…”可以推理出問題出在資金上。

故A正確。

23AccordingtoMr.Gretz,thepresentsumofmoneywillenablethescientiststo

provide.

A、alittlemor