專題02閱讀理解之說明文（二）

一、（湖南省長沙市一中2021屆高三三調）

Flauberthaditthat“onewayoftoleratingexistenceistolosecneselfinliteratureasinanunendingparty'*.It

turnsoutthatreadingdoesn'tonlyhelpustotolerateexistence,butactuallylengthensit.

ArecentstudybyYaleUniversityresearchers,publishedonlineinthejournalSocialScience&

Medicine,concludedthat"bookreadersexperienceda20percentreductionintheriskofdeathoverthe12yearsof

follow-upcomparedtonon-bookreaders.”

ThedatawasobtainedfromthestudysponsoredbytheNationalInstituteonAging.Thestudylookedat

3,635subjects,allolderthan50,whomtheresearchersdividedintothreegroups:thosewhodidn'treadbooks,

thosewhoreadupto3.5hoursaweekandthosewhoreadmorethan3.5hoursaweek.

Thefindingswereremarkable:onaverage,bookreaderssurvivedalmosttwoyearslongerthanthosewho

didn'tcrackopenabook.Themorethesubjectsread,thelongertheylived,butthataslittleas30minutesadaywas

stillbeneficialintermsofsurvival.

Accountingforfactorssuchaseducationlevel,incomeandhealthstatus,thestudyfoundthatthosewhoread

morethan3.5hoursweeklywere23percentlesslikelytodieduringthat12-yearperiod.Thosewhoreadupto3.5

hours-anaverageofahalf-houraday-were17percentlesslikely.

Inotherwords,justlikeahealthydietandexercise,booksappeartopromotea“significantsurvival

advantagc^^,theauthorsconcluded.

Whyorhowthat'sthecaseremainsunclear;theresearchshowedonlyanassociationbetweenbookreading

andlongevity,notacausalrelationship.Butthefindingsarenotsosurprising.Otherrecentresearchshowedthat

readingnovelsappearstoincreasebothbrainconnectivityandsympathy.

9.Fromthetext,whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?

A.Nosimilarstudyonreadinghasbeencarriedout.

B.Theprocessofthestudylastedmorethantenyears.

C.Itshowsreaderslivetwoyearslongerthannon-readers.

D.Itshowstimespentonreadingincreasesone'sloveforit.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"that'sthecase"probablymean?

A.Readingbooksenablespeopletolivelonger.

B.Readingissimilartoahealthydietandexercise.

C.Readingbooksiscloselyassociatedwithlongevity.

D.Readingincreasesbrainconnectivityandsympathy.

11.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?

A./life-and-style/family.

B.ht（ps://wvv\/b/books/coming-soon.

C./ncws/to-your-hcalth.

D.http://www.thcbookbag.co.uk/Book—Recommendations.

【答案】

9.B

10.C

11.c

【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要說明了一項研究發現，閱讀不僅幫助我們生存，而月可以延長壽

命。文章介紹了這項研究開展的過程以及研究發現。

9.細節理解題。根據第二段“ArecentstudybyYaleUniversityresearchers,publishedonlineinthejournal

SocialScience&Medicine,concludedthat"bookreadersexperienceda20percentreductionintheriskofdeath

overthe12yearsoffollow-upcompiledtonon-bookreaders.”（耶魯大學研究人員最近的一項研究，發表在《社

會科學與醫學》在線期刊上，得出結論:“在12年的隨訪中，書籍讀者的死亡風險比非書籍讀者降低了20%。"）”

可知，這項研究的研究過程持續了十多年。故選B。

10.詞句猜測題。根據倒數第二段'Tnotherwords,justlikeahealthydietandexercise,booksappearto

promotea“significantsurvivaladvantage”,theauthorsconcluded.（換句話說,就像健康的飲食和鍛煉,書籍似

乎能促進”顯著的生存優勢”，作者總結道）”以及后文"theresearchshowedonlyanassociationbetweenbook

readingandlongevity,notacausalrelationship（這項研究只顯示了讀書和長壽之間的聯系，而不是因果關系）”

可知，上文討論了讀書有助于長壽，后文提到研究顯示了讀書和長壽之間的聯系，但是讀書為何以及是如

何與長壽密切相關的原因還不清楚，即畫線部分意思是“讀書與長壽密切相關故選C。

11.推理判斷題。根據第二段“ArecentstudybyYaleUniversityresearchers,publishedonlineinthejournal

SocialScience&Medicine,concludedthat“bookreadersexperienceda20percentreductionintheriskofdeath

overihe12yearsoffollow-upcomparedtonon-bookreaders.”（耶魯大學研究人員最近的一項研究，發表在《社

會科學與醫學》在線期刊上，得出結論:“在12年的隨訪中，書籍讀者的死亡風險比非書籍讀者降低了20%。"）”

結合本文主要說明了一項研究發現，閱讀不僅幫助我們生存，而且可以延長壽命。文章介紹了這項研究開

展的過程以及研究發現。可推知，本文是與健康有關的話題，最有可能選自

“hllps:〃/news/lo-your-health.”網站。故選C。

二、(湖南省長沙市一中2021屆屆三三調)

Whenyouputdownyourpensattheenclofcollegeentranceexam,12hardyearsofstudywillhavecometo

anend.Forgetyourstudiesfbrawhile.Ifstimetoenjoyyourselves!

Therearemanywaystocelebratethisspecialmonthofgraduation.Youcanhavephotostakenwithyour

classmatesandteachers,ordineouttogetherandexchangegifts.

HighschoolstudentsinwesterncountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanadausuallyhaveapartytomark

theirgraduation.Itistomarkthetimewhenkidsturnintoyoungmenandwomen.Aftertheparty,teenagerseither

gotocollegeorfindajob.Itmeanstheywillnolongerdependontheirparentsasbefore.

Attheparty,boysusuallydressindinnerjacketsandbowtics,thoughmanydifferenttypesofformalclothes

areworn.Girlstraditionallywearformaldresses,ordresstoshockorbenoticed,inshinyorbrightlycolored

materials.

Commonpartyactivitiesincludedining,dancing,crowningofaballkingandqueen,andjusttalkingtofriends.

Insomecases,highschoolstudentscollectfundsfbrtheirclasspartythroughthefouryearsof(heirhighschool.

Highschoolsinornearlargecitiesmayrentbigroomsatexpensivehotelsor,tobeunusual,onapleasure

boat.Butoftencostsarccutbysimplyusingtheschoolgym.Studentsmakealotofeffortstodecoratethegymto

maketheeventspecial.Themusicplayedatthepartywillbethemostpopularkinds,likerockandhip-hop.

Sometimesteachersandparentsalsogototheparty.Butothersliketogowithfriends,towhomtheyaresoon

goingtosaygood-bye.

Ifyouliketheideaofaparty,whydon'tyouandyourclassmatesorganizeoneforyourgraduation?

12.Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto.

A.tellaninterestingexperienceofhighschoolstudents

B.tellhowthewesternstudentsspendthelastdaysofhighschool

C.tellhowwesternhighschoolstudentsusuallycelebrategraduation

D.introduceseveralwaysofthewesternstudents'killingtime

13.Whatdoesthepartymeanlorwesternhighschoolstudentsthatareabouttograduate?

A.Theyhavefinishedhighschoolandwillgo(ocollege.

B.Theseteenagerscanfindajobtosupportthemselves.

C.Theyhavegrownupandneedfriends5help.

D.Theyareadultsandwillnotdependonparents.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mark"inparagraph3mean?

A.Remember.B.Celebrate.C.Sign.D.Show.

15.Fromthefourthparagraph,wecaninferthat.

A.thepartyisveryinteresting

B.girlsliketomakethemselvesbeautifulatallhours

C.boyswearasusualtoattendtheparty

D.graduatespaymuchattentiontotheparty

【答案】

12.C

13.D

14.B

15.D

【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了西方國家的高中生是如何舉行畢業派對慶祝畢業的。

12.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到“HighschoolstudentsinwesterncountriessuchastheUnitedStatesand

Canadausuallyhaveapartytomarktheirgradualion.（在美國和加拿大等西方國家的高中生通常會舉行個派

對來紀念他們的畢業）“；下文說明畢業派對的著裝、慶祝活動、慶祝地點，參加慶祝的人等。由此可知，作

者寫這篇文章是講述西方國家的高中學生通常如何慶祝畢業。故選C。

13.細節理解題。根據文章第三段中“Aftertheparty,teenagerseithergotocollegeorfindajob.Itmeans

theywillnolongerdependontheirparentsasbefore.（派對結束后，青少年要么去上大學，要么去找工作。這意

味著他們將不再像以前那樣依賴父母）”可知，對于西方國家即將畢業的高中生來說，畢業派對意味著他們是

成年人，不會依賴父母。故選D。

14.詞句猜測題。第二段中提到“Therearemanywaystocelebratethisspecialmonthofgraduation.（有很多

種方式慶祝特殊的畢業月）“，再根據劃線詞前的“haveaparty”可知，高中生往往舉行派對來慶祝他們畢業。

由此可以猜測，mark意思、為“慶祝”。故選B。

15.推理判斷題。文章第四段提到“Attheparty,boysusuallydressindinnerjacketsandbow:ies,though

manydifferenttypesofformalclothesarcworn.Girlstraditionallywearformaldresses,ordresstoshockorbe

noliced,inshinyorbrighilycoloredmalerials.（在派對上，男孩通常穿著晚禮服，打著領結，雖然也要穿許多不

同類型的正式服裝。傳統上，女孩子都穿著正式的服裝，或者是穿著顏色亮麗的衣服，以引人注目）''可知，

在畢業派對上，男孩女孩都著裝正式。由此推斷，畢業生對派對非常重視。故選D。

三、（湖南省長沙一中2021屆高三四調）

Howdoesrunningamarathonandburningover1,000caloriesperhourwithoutevengettingoffyoursofa

completelysound?That'sexactlywhatBionicGym,anadvancedwearableneurostimulator（神經刺激器）,claims

tohelpyouachieve.

Let'sbehonest,we'veailseensimilardevicesinsci-fimoviesorteleshoppingadvertisementsbefore,but

they'rereallynotthateffective.However,BionicGynicreatorDrLouisCrowesaysthisproductistruly

revolutionary.

Crowesayshecameupwiththeideaforthisuniquencuro-stiniulatorover16yearsago,whenhewouldget

intothecoldAtlanticoceansohecouldobservetheeffectsofshivering（顫栗）.Hediscoveredthatashegotcolder

hedidn'tshiverfaster,butheshiveredalthesamerale.Healso（bundthatthisnaturalwayofburningcalories

allowedapersontobumalotofcalorieswithoutactuallydoinganyexercise.

Crowedidmoreresearchonhowtouseshiveringasaneffectivetrainingandweight-losstool,anddeveloped

BionicGym.He'steamedupwithDrBarryBrodericktobringittomarket.Todoso,theyneedsonicfundingto

redesignthedevice.Thenithastobeapprovedbyregulators.BionicGymmaybereadyforsalebyNovemberthis

year.ButpeopleseemsoimpressedbytheabilitiesofBionicGynitogivethemaworkoutwhilerestingonasofa

thattheyseemtohavenoproblempartingwith$300forthechancetoonedaytryitout.Crowe'scrowdfunding

campaignhadagoalof$20,000,butwith11daystogo,it'salreadypassedthe$287.000mark.

Inapromotionalvideo,Crowepresentsagraphshowing（hatus，dattoplevels.BionicGymcanburnaround1,

100caloriesperhour,andgetyourheartraleuptoaround180bpm-beatsperminute.Crowewarnsthatusing（he

deviceattoplevelsmakesforaverytoughworkout,requiringprevioustraining.Beginnersorolderpeoplecanuse

itatlowerlevelsandmaketheirwayuptothetougherprograms.

8.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestioninParagraph1?

A.Toexpresshisdoubts.

B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.

C.Todescribethebenefitsofrunning.

D.Tocomparedifferentcalorie-burningideas.

9.WheredoesCrowe'sinspiraionforBionicGymcomefrom?

A.Asci-fimovie.B.Hisimagination.

C.Ateleshoppingad.D.Hisownexperience.

10.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph4mainlysuggest?

A.It'shardtowinachancetotryusingBionicGym.

B.BionicGymcan'twinregulators'approvaleasily.

C.ThepublicshowgreatenthusiasmforBionicGym.

D.BionicGym'sfuturewillbedeterminedbyitsfunding.

11.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBionicGymfromthelastparagraph?

A.Ilespeciallyappealstooldpeople.

B.Itcanmeettheneedsofdifferentpeople.

C.Itistoughforbeginnerstouse（hedevice.

D.Itcanburnaround1,10（）caloricseveryday.

【答案】

8.B

9.D

10.C

11.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了先進的可穿戴神經刺激器BionicGym,可以幫助消耗熱量，

有利健康。

8.推理判斷題。根據第一段"That'sexactlywhatBionicGym.anadvancedwearablencuro-stimulator（神經

刺激器）,claimstohelpyouachieve”（那正是先進的可穿戴神經刺激器BionicGym聲稱可以幫助你實現的），

可知，that指代上文提的問題，因此推斷作者在第1段中提出問題是為了引出本文的主題，從第二段起開始

討論這種設備。故選B。

9.細節理解題。根據第三段的"Crowesayshecameupwiththeideafbrthisuniqueneuro-stimulatorover16

yearsago,whenhewouldgetintothecoldAtlanticoceansohecouldobservetheeffectsofshivering（顫栗）.”（克

勞說，他16年前就想到了這種獨特的神經刺激器的想法，當時他進入寒冷的大西洋，以便觀察顫抖的效果）

可知，克勞對BionicGym的靈感來自他自己的經驗。故選D。

10.推理判斷題。根據第四段“BuipeopleseemsoimpressedbytheabilitiesofBionicGymtogivethema

workoutwhilerestingonasofathattheyseemtohavenoproblempartingwith$300forthechancetoonedaytry

itout.Crowe'scrowdfundingcampaignhadagoalof$20,000,butwith11days（ogo,it'salreadypassedthe$287.

000mark."（但是人們似乎對BionicGym在沙發上休息時進行鍛煉的能力印象深刻，以至于他們對于只要300

英鎊就可以嘗試一天亳無困難，克勞的眾籌活動的目標是$20,（）00,但在還有11天的時候，它已經達到了

$287000的成績。）可推斷，第4段的數字主要表示公眾對BionicGym表現出極大的熱情。故選C。

11.推理判斷題,根據最后一段"Beginnersorolderpeoplecanuseitatlowerlevelsandmaketheirwayupto

thetougherprograms.”（初學者或年長的人可以在較低的水平上使用它,并逐步提高難度）可推斷,BionicGym

可以滿足不同人的需求。故選B。

四、（湖南省長沙一中2021屆高三四調）

TonyWang,whohasbeenlivinginLondonsincehighschool,says:"Theweatherisalwaysthebesttopicto

startaconversationwithhere,andcomplainingaboutwetshoesandadestroyedhairstylecanbringpeoplecloser.”

“IspendmostofmytimethinkingaboutIwothings:whatloeat,exceptpotato,andwhattoweartohandleanother

cold,windy,rainyday.”

Asearlyas1894.JohnBarbourhadalreadynoticedthetroublethatcamewithchangeableweatherandalso

theneedforwaterproofclothing.So,hestartedbysupplyingoilskinstooutdoorworkers,suchasfishermenand

sailors.Hesoonopenedhisfirststore,namedJ.Barbour&Sons,inSouthShields,aportontheRiverTyneinthe

norheastofEngland.Now,125yearslater,Barbourisafamilybusinessthat'sbeenpasseddownfivegenerations.

Thebrand'smosticonic（標志性的）product,thejacketwitharuggedweatherproofwaxedcottonshell,

corduroycollar,corrosion-proofbrassbuttonsandpocketsforstorageanddrainageeyelets,hasbeenimprovedover

thedecades,butitisstillmanufacturedbyhand.Thebrandhasnowreachedover40countries,includingChina.

AnditgatheredthreeRoyalWarrantsasmanufacturersofwaterproofandprotectiveclothing:1974fromtheDuke

ofEdinburgh;1982fromtheQueenandin1987fromthePrinceofWales.

Thisyear,theBritishbrandBarbourmarksitsi25thanniversary.Andbesidesimprovingtheclassicand

professionaljackets,Barbourhasalsobeenattractingmoreconsumerswiththeartsysense.Forthis,ithasbeen

collaboratingwithotherbrandsandartists,includingEngineeredGanncnts,afashionbrandfromJapan;andAlexa

Chung,aBritishmodelandBBCpresenter,whoownsanamesakefashionbrand.Mostrecently,Barbourmadethe

paintingsofHaydenKays,aLondon-basedartist,wearable.

AttheendofJune,KayswasinvitedtocelebratethelaunchofthecollaborationatGaietiesLafayette

ShoppingMallinShanghai.Kaysbroughttwopaintingsthistime,presentingtheimportanceoflove.Oneisnamed

LookIntoMyLove,acolorfiilcirclelikeabull's-eye.€vThisworkishypnotic,becauseIthinklovecanmakemego

crazy.Loveisgreat,andeveryoneloveslove,^^hesays.

“Barbourisanamazingpartner,andthebrandhasgotsuchastrongBritishidentityandheritage,andatthe

sametime,connectsBritishbrandsandartiststoChineseconsumersthroughcollaboration,excitedtoseepeople

wearingmyartworksthousandsofmilesawayfromhome,^^Kayssays.LyuYi,thegeneralsalesmanagerofChina

OutfittersHoldingsLimitedCompany,who'smanagingthedevelopmentofBarbourinChina,says:"Barbouris

maintainingitsBritishgenesbycombiningitssenseoffashionandart,toaddextraartisticvaluetoclothing.^^

12.What'sthefunctionofParagraph1?

A.Tobringaboutthemaintopicofthetext.

B.Toshowthatweathergreatlyafleetspeople'sdailylife.

C.Toshowthatweatheristhebestchoiceforaconversation.

D.Toexplainwhyconversationsaboutweathercanbringpeoplecloser.

13.Barbour'smosticonicproduct.

A.hasreachedover40countries

B.isajacketwithwaxedcottoncollar

C.israrelymanufacturedbyhandnow

D.possessesmoregoodqualitiestheseyears

14.Theunderlinedword“hypnotic”inParagraph5probablymeans、'

A.unexpectedB.incredibleC.attractiveD.special

15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.UKBrandBarbourworksawonder

B.UKBrandBarbourTakestheArtRoute

C.TheDevelopmentofUKBrandBarbour

D.People'sLoveforUKBrandBarbour

【答案】

12.A

13.A

14.C

15.C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個已經傳了五代的家族企業——巴伯。幾十年來，這個品

牌一直不斷的改進提升，Barbour通過將時尚感和藝術感結合起來，為服裝增加額外的藝術價值，保持了英

國基因。

12.推理判斷題。根據第一段"Ispendmostofmytimethinkingabouttwothings:whattocat,exceptpotato,

andwhattoweartohandleanothercold,windy,rainyday.（我大部分時間都在想兩件事:除了土豆,吃什么;以

及再來一個刮風下雨的寒冷天氣穿什么衣服）”可知，第一段主要講了TonyWang口常最關注的兩點，以此來

引出文章講述對象——巴伯品牌。故選A項。

13.細節理解題。根據第三段“Thebrandhasnowreachedover40countries,includingChina.（該品牌已覆

蓋包括中國在內的40多個國家）”可知，巴布爾最具標志性的產品已經到達40多個國家了。故填A項。

14.詞句猜測題。根據后文“becauseIthinklovecanmakemegocrazy.Loveisgreat,andeveryoneloves

love（因為我覺得愛情可以讓我發瘋。愛是偉大的，每個人都喜歡愛）''以及前文對作品的描述“acolorfulcircle

likeabuMs-eye（一個彩色的圓，像靶心）”可猜測，劃線詞hypnotic指的是“有吸引力的故選C項。

15.主旨大意題。根據第四段“Andbesidesimprovingtheclassicandprofessionaljackets,Barbourhasalso

beenattractingmoreconsumerswiththeartsysense.（除了改進經典和專業的夾克，Barbour還吸引了更多有藝

術感的消費者）”以及最后一段"BarbourismaintainingitsBritishgenesbycombiningitssenseoffashionandart,

toaddextraartisticvaluetoclothing.（Barbour通過將時尚感和藝術感結合起來，為服裝增加額外的藝術價值，

保持r英國基因）''及全文內容可知，文章主要就是講述巴伯品牌的發展。故選c項。

五、（江蘇省常州高級中學2021屆高三調研）

Manypeoplesaytheywouldn'tcheatonatest,lieonajobapplicationorrefusetohelpaperson:nneed.Bui

whatifyouhavetofacethetestanswersandcheatingdidn'trequireanyworkonyourpart?Ifyoudidn'thaveto

face（hepersonwhoneededyourhelpandrefusethem?Wouldthatchangeyourbehavior?

Newresearchshowsitmight.Intwostudiesthattestedparticipants'willingnesstobehaveimmorally,the

researchteamdiscoveredpeoplewillbehavebadly—ifitdoesn'tinvolvetoomuchworkontheirpart.

Inonestudy,participantstookamathtestonacomputerafterbeingwarnedtherewereproblemsinthesystem.

Onegroupwastoldiftheypressedthespacebar,theanswertothequestionwouldappearonthescreen.The

secondgroupwastoldiftheydidn'tpresstheenterkeywithinfiveseconds,theanswerwouldappear."Peoplein

thesecondgroup-thosewhodidn'thavetophysicallypressabuttontogettheanswers—weremuchmorelikely

tocheat,"saysAssociatePsychologyProfessorMichaelInzlicht,secondauthoronthestudy.

Inanotherstudy,theteamaskedparticipantswhethertheywouldvolunteertohelpastudentwithalearning

disabilitycompleteacomponentofthetest.Onegroupofparticipantshadonlythefreedomtochecka'yes'or'no'

boxonthecomputer.Thesecondgroupofpeoplecouldfollowalinkatthebottomofthepagelovolunteertheir

helporsimplypress'continue*tomoveonlothenextpageof(heirtest.Participantswerefivetimesmorelikelylo

volunteerwhentheyhadtopickeither'yes'or'no.’

"Whenpeoplearefacedwithactivelydoingtherightthingorthewrongthing,therearealotofemotions

involved—suchasguiltandshame—thatguidethemtomakethemoralchoice.Whenthetransgressionismore

passive,however,wesawmorepeopledoingthewrongthing,andwebelievethisisbecausethemoralemotionsin

suchsituationsareprobablylessserious."Tepersays.

"Forcingpeopletomakeanactive,moraldecisionisgoingtobemuchmoreeffectivethanlowingthemto

passivelyskipoverarequest,"hesays.

8.Whatisthenewresearchmainlyabout?

A.Peoplebehavebadlyifnotrequiredtoomuchontheirpart.

B.Mostofthetestedparticipantswouldn'tcheatortelllies.

C.It'stoodifiFiculttobehavebadlyfbrpeople.

D.Peopleareunwillingtobehaveimmorally.

9.Theunderlinedword“immorally”inParagraph2canbereplacedby.

A.positivelyB.badlyC.indifferentlyD.cautiously

1().In(hefirststudy,peopleir.Group2weremuchmorelikelytocheatbecause.

A.Theywereaskedtodoso.B.Itdoesn^involvetoomuchworkontheirpart.

C.Theycangetfunfromit.D.It'stypicalofthemtocheat.

11.Whatshouldwedotoguidepeopletomakemoralchoice?

A.Allowthemtopassivelyskipovertherequest.B.Makethemfeelguiltytoavoidbadbehavior.

C.Forcethemtomakeamoraldecision.D.Trytoinvolveasmanyasemotions.

【答案】

8.D

9.B

10.B

11.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文。研究發現人們不愿意做不道德的事情，文章介紹了這兩項研究開展的過程

以及研究發現當人們面對積極做正確或錯誤的事情時，會有很多情緒，比如內疚和羞愧，引導他們做出道

德選擇。

8.細節理解題。根據第二段“Newresearchshowsitmight.Intwostudiesthattestedparticipants*willingness

tobehaveimmorally,theresearchteamdiscoveredpeoplewillbehavebadly—ifitdoesn'tinvolvetoomuchwork

oniheirpart.（新的研究表明這是有可能的。在兩項測試參與者做不道德行為的意愿的研究中，研究小組發現

如果人們不需要付出太多努力，他們會表現得很糟糕）”可■知，這項新研究的主要內容是人們不愿意做不道德

的事。故選D。

9.詞義猜測題。根據笫一段"Manypeoplesaytheywouldn*tcheatonatest,lieonajobapplicationorrefuse

tohelpapersoninneed.Butwhatifyouhavetofacethetestanswersandcheatingdidn'trequireanyworkonyour

pan?Ifyoudidn'thavetofacethepersonwhoneededyourhelpandrefusethem?Would（hatchangeyour

behavior?（許多人說他們不會在考試中作弊，不會在工作申請中做謊，也不會拒絕幫助有需要的人。但如果

你要面對考試的答案，而作弊并不需要你付出任何努力呢？如果你不用面對那些需要你幫助的人并拒絕他

們呢？這會改變你的行為嗎？戶以及畫線詞上文“Newresearchshowsitmight.（新的研究表明這是有可能的）”

和后文“theresearchteamdiscoveredpeoplewillbehavebadlyf知，新的研究表明人們如果進彳j不道德彳j為或

行為不良時，他們可能會表現得很糟糕，即畫線詞可用B選項“壞地，不良地”替換。A.positively積極地：

B.badly壞地，不良地；C.indifferently冷漠地；D.cautiously慎重地。故選Bo

10.細節理解題。根據第二段中“Intwostudiesthattestedparticipants'willingnesstobehaveimmorally,the

researchteamdiscoveredpeoplewillbehavebadly——ifitdoesn'tinvolvetoomuchworkontheirpart.（在兩項測試

參與者做不道德行為的意愿的研究中，研究小組發現人們會表現得很糟糕一前提是他們不需要付出太多

努力）”以及第三段中“Peopleinthesecondgroup—thosewhodidnthavetophysicallypressabuttontogetthe

answers—weremuchmorelikelytocheat（第二組的人那些不需要按按鈕就能得到答案的人更有可能

作弊）”可知，在第一項研究中，第二組的人更有可能作弊，因為他們不需要付出太多努力。故選B。

11.細節理解題。根據最后一段“"Forcingpeopletomakeanactive,moraldecisionisgoingtobemuchmore

effective（hanallowingthemtopass.velyskipoverarequest,"hesays.（他說:“強迫人們做出一個積極的、合乎道

德的決定，要比讓他們被動地跳過一個要求有效得多。可知，我們應該強迫人們做一個道德的決定來引

導人們做出道德選擇。故選C。

六、（江蘇省常州高級中學2021屆高三調研）

Mostofthewindavailableonlandistoogentletopushcommercialwindturbine（渦輪機），butnow

researchersinChinahavedesignedakindof"tinywindturbine-thatcanusewindenergyfrombreezesaslittleas

thosecreatedbyaquickwalk.Thenewdeviceisnottechnicallyaturbine.Itisananogeneratormadeoftwoplastic

scripsina（ubethatclaptogetherwhen（hereisairflow.Likerubbingaballoontoyourhair,thetwoplasticsbecome

electricallychargedafterbeingseparatedfromcontact,aphenomenoncalledthetriboelectriceffect.Butinsteadof

makingyourhairstanduplikeEinstein's,theelectricitygeneratedbythetwoplasticstripsiscapturedandstored.

"Ourintentionisn'ttoreplaceexistingwindpowergenerationtechnology."Ourgoalistosolvetheissuesthat

thetraditionalwindturbinescan'tsolve?"saysYaYang,aresearcherfromBeijingInstituteofNanoenergyand

Nanosystems."Unlikewindturbinesthatusecoilsandmagnets（磁石）wherethecostsarefixed,wecanpickand

chooselow-costmaterialsforourdevice.Ourdevicecanalsobesafelyappliedtonaturereservesorcitiesbecause

itdoesn'thavetherotating（旋轉）structures.

Yangsayshehasasmallvisionandabigvisionlortheproject'snextsteps.Inthepast,Yangandhis

colleagueshavedesignedananogeneratorassmallasacoin,buthev/antstomakeiteventinierandmorecompact

withhigherefficiency.Yangisalsolookingtomakethedevicebiggerandmorepowerful."I'mhopingtoscaleup

thedevicetoproduce1,0（X）watts.Wecanplacethesedeviceswheretraditionalwindturbinescan'treach.Wccan

putitinthemountainsoronthetopofbuildingsforsustainableenergy.

12.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewdeviceinparagraph1?

A.Itiscalledtinywindturbine.

B.Itcanhelpyouwalkquickly.

C.Itconsistsofatubeandtwoplasticstrips.

D.Itisaturbineusedtostoretheelectricity.

13.Whatadvantagedoesthenewdevicehave?

A.Itscostisfixedbecauseofmaterialsusedinit;

B.Ithassolvedtheproblemstheolddevicecan't.

C.Itcreatesacheapandsecurewayofmakingelectricity.

D.Itcantaketheplaceofthepresentwindgenerators.

14.WhatdoesYangmeanbysayinghehasabigvisionfbr（heproject'snextsteps?

A.Heintendstomakethedevicemuchsmaller.

B.Heplanstoapplythedevicetonaturereservesandcities.

C.Hemeansiomake(hedevicemorepowerfulandwidelyused.

D.Hewantstomake(hedevicethebiggestoneinthecountry.

15.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoufindthistext?

A.Science.B.Culture.C.Fashion.D.Business.

【答案】

12.C

13.C

14.C

15.A

【解析】這是一篇科技說明文。本文主要講述中國的研究人員發明了一個小型風力渦輪機，可以把微

乎其微的風力利用起來。

12.細節理解題。根據第一段中“Thenewdeviceisnottechnicallyaturbine.Itisananogencratormadeof

twoplasticstripsinatubethatclaptogetherwhenthereisairflow.（從技術上講,新裝置不是渦輪。它是一種納

米發電機，由管中的兩個塑料條組成，當有氣流時，塑料條會拍打在一起。）“可知，這種新設備是由兩

個塑料帶和一個管子組成。故選C。

13.細節理解題。根據第二段中'“'Unlikewindturbinesthatusecoilsandmagnets（磁石）wherethecosts

arefixed,wecanpickandchooselow-costmaterialsforourdevice.Ourdevicecanalsobesafelyappliedtonature

reservesorcitiesbecauseitdoesn'thavetherotating（旋轉）structures.’'（不像使用固定成本的線圈和磁鐵的渦

輪機，我們可以為設備選擇低成本的材料設備。我們的設備還可以安全地在自然保護區或城市使用，因為

它沒有旋轉結構）可知，這種新的裝置，可以選擇低成本的材料，而且使用時也不需要旋轉裝置，所以可以

安全地投入使用，即它創造了一個便宜且安全的發電方