說明文-實驗研究類閱讀理解專題培養快速理清篇章結構，抓取文章大意的能力。運用說明文體裁分析，規范閱讀理解的解題步驟。積累與調查研究類說明文相關的主題詞匯。主題詞匯1.實驗對象與目的

subject(實驗對象)/participant(參與者)/sample(樣本)/aim(目的)/hypothesis(假設)/objective(目標)2.實驗方法

procedure(步驟)/variable(變量)/controlgroup(對照組)/trial(試驗)/measurement(測量)/simulate(模擬)3.數據與結果

data(數據)/result(結果)/conclusion(結論)/analysis(分析)/statisticallysignificant(統計學顯著)/correlation(相關性)4.理論與應用

theory(理論)/principle(原理)/application(應用)/implication(啟示)/limitation(局限性)/validity(有效性)5.常見動詞

observe(觀察)/conduct(實施)/compare(對比)/demonstrate(證明)/confirm(確認)/challenge(質疑)實驗研究類說明文備考策略結構固定：1研究背景（Purpose/Background）：解釋研究目標2實驗設計（Methodology）：描述實驗對象、變量、對照組、步驟。3數據結果（Results）：數據呈現4結論應用（Conclusion/Implications）：總結發現并提出實際意義

實驗研究型文章一般會以實驗的過程進展為線索，多用描述法、問題與對策法等方法，通過列數據、做對比等來說明新的科學研究發現及其產生的影響。1研究結果：

主旨大意/最佳標題2研究方法：

細節理解/推斷3數據結果/結論闡述：

細節理解/推斷/說明方法4專家評議：

細節理解/推斷/情感態度概括（general）具體（specific）找主旨：(1)

當段落中出現表轉折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。(2)

當首段出現疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。(3)

作者有意識地反復重復的觀點，通常是主旨；反復出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。(4)

表示總結或結論的話（常有therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等）。

說明文主旨大意-----位置:說明文中心句常出現在_____________,____________

具體操作(skimming)：找主題句的四個小竅門標題、段首、段尾高頻詞一、主旨大意題包括：主要內容(mainidea,mainlyabout)型、文章標題(besttitle)型、

WhatisthetextmainlyaboutWhat’sthemainidea/pointofthepassageWhichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassageWhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassageWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageWhatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconvey正確選項特征（同義復現、概括呈現）：是根據文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；體現“科學嚴謹性”，如使用

may,could,undercertainconditions

等限定詞。干擾選項特征：可能是文中某個具體事實或細節；可能是文中某些(不完全的)事實或細節片面推出的錯誤結論；??可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。2020新高考1卷D篇WhatistherecentstudymainlyaboutA.Foodsafety.

B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.

D.Eatingbehavior.AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe

“I’llhavewhatshe’shaving”effect.However,we’ll

adjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tIAccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabits（ofoureatingcompanions）caninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoles（withbigappetites）youreallyneedtoavoid.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe

“I’llhavewhatshe’shaving”effect.However,we’ll

adjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tITotesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst....Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.

細節理解（直接/間接）提問直接關聯實驗的一些要素Accordingtothetext,howmanyparticipantswereinvolved”“Whatwasthemainmethodusedintheexperiment”“WhichgroupshowedahighersuccessrateHowwasthestudyconducted

WhatisDrKatovich’sconclusionbasedon數據、步驟、因果是高頻考點選項特征：正確選項——同義、同詞復現

錯誤選項：數字干擾：混淆時間、百分比或數量邏輯顛倒：調換因果關系（如將"A導致B"改為"B導致A"）。偷換概念：替換實驗條件（如將"temperature"改為"humidity"）。Step2掌握相關解題技巧

細節理解-----Tip1:說明文細節理解題的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:說明文細節理解題正確選項特征______________________________________劃出題干、選項關鍵詞回憶文章結構，定位具體段落關注關鍵詞句，找出答案同詞/同義復現精準定位：利用題干關鍵詞（專有名詞、數字、大寫術語）快速掃讀標點符號輔助：括號、破折號內的內容常為拓展資料說明，可能對應選項。對比驗證：將選項與原文逐詞比對，注意同義或同詞復現Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,

mostproduceatthestore

wentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.While

farmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,

BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)

shortensitevenmore.（2024年新高考II卷C篇閱讀理解）28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance.D.Itreliesonfarmer'smarkets.同義復現

觀點態度類常見設問方式①What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards...②Theauthor'sattitudetowards...is________.③Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...④Whatissb.'sattitudeto...基于作者態度的角度設置問題

《教學考試》雜志·高考英語·2023年第3期該類設題特點在于對作者的態度進行歸納，根據作者表達觀點的句子，推出作者對所說明內容的情感態度，是支持或反對等態度，關于作者的情感態度，文中沒有直接出現表示情感的詞，而是用相關的句子表達出來，里面包含褒義詞，中性詞或貶義詞，根據這些詞匯推出作者態度。該類型題考查學生的推理能力，從文中得出作者情感態度。解題步驟第一：結合題干人物和內容定位原文出現在哪一（些）段；然后仔細比對該句言外之意；第二：區分不同人物立場態度。要注意區分試題考查的是作者的態度還是作者引用別人的態度；第三：態度沒有明確提出時，要學會根據作者在文章中所運用詞匯的褒貶性去判斷作者的態度，尤其是動詞、形容詞和副詞，轉折詞。“態度類”識別題干特征通常會出現author，attitude，opinion，view“態度類”選項特征選項特征一般是四個感情色彩明顯的形容詞。Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.DidtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimatesDidtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirmindsThishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether."Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.2023高考新課標I卷D篇35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studiesA.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.一、贊同positiveadj.肯定的，積極的favorableadj.贊成的，有利的desirableadj.令人滿意的approvingadj.贊成的【approvaln.贊成】enthusiasticadj.熱情的，狂熱的supportiveadj.支持的觀點態度類詞二、否定negativeadj.否定的，消極的disapprovingadj.不贊成的criticaladj.批評的disgustingadj.令人厭惡的warningadj.警告的，引以為戒的worriedadj.焦慮的，悶悶不樂的三、懷疑suspiciousadj.可疑的，懷疑的doubtfuladj.可疑的，疑心的skepticaladj.懷疑的questioningadj.懷疑的puzzling/confusingadj.迷惑人的,使莫明其妙的客觀objectiveadj.客觀的neutraladj.中立的impartialadj.公平的disinterestedadj.無私的detachedadj.客觀的，不含個人偏見的unbiasedadj.沒有偏見的unprejudicedadj.公平的，無偏見的impersonaladj.非個人的，客觀的cautiousadj.小心謹慎的五、主觀subjectiveadj.主觀的worriedadj.擔憂的concernedadj.關心的dissatisfiedadj.不滿意的mixedadj.喜憂參半的biasedadj.有偏見的indignantadj.憤憤不平的gloomyadj.沮喪的sensitiveadj.敏感的，易受傷害的scaredadj.恐懼的radicaladj.激進的ironicadj.諷刺的confusedadj.困惑的，混亂的六積極concernedadj.關心的confidentadj.自信的，確信的interestedadj.感興趣的optimisticadj.樂觀的positiveadj.積極的impressiveadj.給人深刻印象的七、一般來說不是正確選項indifferentadj.漠不關心的depressedadj.沮喪的pessimisticadj.悲觀的prejudicedadj.偏見的unconcernedadj.不關心的contemptuousadj.輕蔑的，侮辱的hostileadj.懷敵意的biasedadj.片面的mockingadj.嘲弄的提問形式：“Theword‘mitigate’inparagraph3mostprobablymeans______.”目標詞匯多為學術術語或熟詞僻義（如"yield"在實驗中表"產生數據"）。

詞義猜測題干擾項特征：與生詞形似但無關（如“respectable”干擾“respective”）。過度引申（如將“herbivore”理解為“吃草的動物”，干擾項設為“素食主義者”）。反義詞陷阱（如將“generous”的干擾項設為“selfish”）。1.

上下文線索法通過前后句的邏輯關系（如解釋、對比、因果等）推斷詞義。因果關系：尋找“because,so,thus,therefore”等邏輯詞，分析生詞與結果的關聯。對比關系：注意“but,however,unlike,while”等轉折詞，生詞可能與上下文形成反義。解釋說明：通過冒號、破折號、括號或同位語從句直接解釋生詞。2.

同義或反義關系法-

關注并列連詞（and,or）或轉折連詞（but,however）。

-

通過已知詞匯反向推斷生詞含義。3.

定義或解釋法

尋找逗號、破折號、括號或從句中的解釋性內容。

-

注意

"is/arecalled","means","referto",

“isdefinedas”,

“knownas”等提示詞4.

例子說明法-

識別

"suchas","forexample","including",

“like”后的例子。

-

從例子共性中提煉核心含義。5.

構詞分析法

2020新高考1卷D篇AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoles

withbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1refertoA.Bigeaters.

B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.

D.Tallthinpersons.1.

上下文線索法2.

同義或反義關系法3.

定義或解釋法4.

例子說明法5.

構詞分析法大胃口的胖子大胃口的與先前的研究（要警惕有著大胃口的胖子）相反，我們更應該要避免有著大胃口的.......推理判斷類

《考試說明》指出，閱讀文章中的主要目的是獲取信息，即理解作者所要傳達的信息。在實際的閱讀活動中，有時需要根據文章提供的事實和線索，進行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實或某事發生的可能性等。推理判斷題是繼主旨大意題之后的又一類難題，在高考試題中大概占到2-9題。在實際解題中，判斷推理應用很廣，涉及到細節判斷、因果關系的推斷、人物性格態度及其觀點的推斷，預測想象推斷、文章來源或讀者對象對推斷、寫作意圖推斷等。題干主要包括下列五個動詞：infer（推斷）,imply（暗示）,suggest（暗示）,conclude（作出結論）和assume（假定，設想）。主要設題形式：Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat_________。Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat__________.It

canbeconcludedfromthepassagethat__________.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe__________.Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystatesthat_________Thepassageisintendedto__________.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat__________.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？

WhymustapopsingerworkevenharderwhenhehasbecomefamousThewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought___________.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers忠于原文，不可自己多想高考真題訓練2025浙江一月卷（首尾段）Asnewtechnologiestakeonincreasinglyhumanlikequalities,there’sbeenapushtomakethemgenderless.

“Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,”

saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.YetasMartinhasfoundinherwork,genderisoneofthefundamentalwayspeopleformconnectionswithobjects,particularlythosedesignedwithhumancharacteristics.

32.WhatisthepurposeofmakingnewtechnologiesgenderlessA.Toreducestereotypes.

B.Tomeetpublicdemand.C.Tocutproductioncosts.

D.Toencouragecompetition.細節理解題

Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(擬人化)

“providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.”

Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreducesnegativestereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeonstereotype-inconsistentroles

—

amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,forinstance.35.WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutA.Thequalityofgenderlessproducts.

B.Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.C.Themeaningofanthropomorphism.

D.Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.段落主旨大意題

Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaself-drivingcarknownas

“Miuu.”

Itwasfoundthatgenderincreasedusers’

feelingsofattachmenttothesedevicesandtheirinterestinpurchasingthem.Forexample,participantssaidtheywouldbelesslikelytobuyagenderlessvoiceassistantthanversionswithmaleorfemalevoices.33.WhatweretheparticipantsprobablyaskedtodointhestudyA.Designaproduct.

B.Respondtoasurvey.C.Workasassistants.

D.Takealanguagetest.實驗（研究）過程實驗（研究）發現細節理解題（2024年新高考II卷C篇閱讀理解）——（第一段）Weallknowfreshisbest