湖北省部分省級示范高中20232024學年下學期高二期中測試英語試卷考試時間：2024年4月29日試卷滿分：150分注意事項：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區域內。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。4.考試結束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdoesNancyplantodothisweekend?A.Restathome.B.Gohiking.C.Finishherwork.2.Whoisthemantalkingto?A.Hiscoworker.B.Hisbusinesspartner.C.Ahotelclerk.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttowatchnow?A.Amovie.B.Arealityshow.C.Asportsgame.4.Whatwillthemandofirstbeforegoingtocollege?A.Workparttime.B.Goonatrip.C.Visithisfamily.5.Whatseasonisitnow?A.Winter.B.Autumn.C.Summer.第二節（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhereistheGrandHotel?A.BesidetheCityMuseum.B.Behindarestaurant.C.NexttotheCityBank.7.HowmightthemangettotheGrandHotel?A.Onfoot.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whattimeisitnow?A.9:00a.m.B.11:00a.m.C.2:00a.m.9.Whichinstrumentdidtheman’sfatherteachhim?A.Theviolin.B.Thepiano.C.Theguitar.10.Howdidthewomanfeelaboutplayingthedrums?A.Itwaseasy.B.Itwasappealing.C.Itwasuninteresting.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?ASchoolmates.B.Roommates.C.Houseagentandcustomer.12.Whatkindofplacedoesthemanwanttolivein?A.Adormitorywithabalcony.B.Anapartmentwithabalcony.C.Ahousewithayardoragarden.13.Whatpetsdoesthewomanhopetokeep?A.Parrots.B.Cats.C.Dogs.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whichofthefollowingistheman’sfavorite?A.Milan.B.Hawaii.C.Rome.15.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Findalocalguide.B.Buyaguidebook.C.Bookthehotelinadvance.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howmanychimpanzeestriedtoescapefromthemonkeyhouse?A.3.B.4.C.7.18.WhatisSandraWilke?A.Azookeeper.B.Aleader.C.Areporter.19.WhatdidSandraWilkesayabouttheinjuredchimpanzee?A.Itsconditionwasbetterthanexpected.B.Itsarmswerebadlyinjured.C.Itseyeswerebadlyinjured.20.WhathappenedtoazooinSwedeninOctober?A.Azookeeperwasbittenbyachimpanzee.B.Itsstaffgotpunishedfortheescapedanimals.C.Asnakegotawayandcamebackaweeklater.第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATutorWantedTeachakindergartenerhowtoreadonline.BeeavolunteertutorwithLearnToBe!LTBtutorsarededicatedvolunteerswhobelievedeeplyineducationalequity(公平).OurtutorsvolunteertheirtimetomakethelivesofunderservedK12kidsandtheirfamilieseasier,theiropportunitiesgreater,andtheirdreamsbigger.mittotutoringatleast2timesperweekfor3monthsorlonger.SupportyourstudentswithhomeworkhelporusetheresourcesprovidedbyLTBtocreateyourownlessonplansforyourstudent.Visitourwebsitetoapply:TutoradultsinEnglishTheSouthBayLiteracyCouncilisanallvolunteer,nonprofitorganizationdedicatedtoteachingadultstoread,writeandspeakEnglishintheSouthBay,LosAngelesarea.You’dmittomeetingweeklywithyourstudentsonlineorinperson.Weaskvolunteerstomakea9monthmitmentduetothetimeittakestotrainandmatchtutorswithstudents.Visitourwebsitetoapply:TutorforRemovetheBordersBeingatutorforRemovetheBordersisagreatopportunitytogainvolunteerhourswhilelearningabouthowsocioeconomicstatusandlearningdisabilitiescanholdstudentsback.Datesonwhenyoututorwillbeworkedoutbetweenyouandthepersonyouaretutoring.Theminimumnumberofsessions(課時)youhavetotutoristhree.Visitourwebsitetoapply:s://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9TeachonlineSTEMclassesAcrossthecountry,millionsofstudentslacktheresourcestolearnaboutSTEMandputerscience.Ournonprofitorganizationstrivestoprovidethisvitalareaofeducationtounderprivilegedstudentsthroughengaginginonlineclasses.Asavolunteerteacher,youwillearnservicehourswhiledevelopingcriticalmunication,teaching,andleadershipskills.Theseclasssessionswillrunforeightweeks,andhaveatimemitmentofthreehoursperweek.Visitourwebsitetoapply:1.WhoisLearnToBeintendedfor?A.DisadvantagedK12students. B.Studentswithlearningdisabilities.C.GrownupsinterestedinEnglish. D.Informationtechnologymajors.2.Whichprogramismostsuitableforavolunteerwithoutmuchtime?A.Teachakindergartenerhowtoreadonline. B.TutoradultsinEnglish.C.TutorforRemovetheBorders. D.TeachonlineSTEMclasses.3.Whatdothesefourprogramshaveinmon?A.Onlyonlineserviceisoffered.B.Volunteerswilldeveloptheirleadershipskills.C.Volunteerswillacquireservicehours.D.Anyoneinterestedinthevoluntaryjobsneedstosignuponline.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個招聘導師的項目。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一個項目“OurtutorsvolunteertheirtimetomakethelivesofunderservedK12kidsandtheirfamilieseasier,theiropportunitiesgreater,andtheirdreamsbigger.(我們的導師自愿奉獻自己的時間，讓缺課的K12孩子和他們的家庭生活得更輕松，他們的機會更大，夢想更大)”可知，LearnToBe的援助對象是資源匱乏身為幼兒園孩子到12年級學生。故選A。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三個項目中“Datesonwhenyoututorwillbeworkedoutbetweenyouandthepersonyouaretutoring.Theminimumnumberofsessions(課時)youhavetotutoristhree.(你的輔導時間將由你和你要輔導的人確定。輔導的最少次數是三次)”以及其他三個項目的時間跨度從8個星期到9個月不等，可知，對于時間很緊而又有興趣做志愿教師的人而言，第三個項目最合適，故選C。【3題詳解】細節理解題。本文提到了四個志愿項目，每個項目介紹的結尾都提供了一個網址，以供申請做志愿教師的人報名，即這四個項目的共同之處是都需要在網上注冊。故選D。BBeforeagethirtyfour,Iwasastayathomemom.Then,thingschangedandIhadtofindajob.Istumbledalongwithlowpayingjobs,stressandselfdoubt.Threeyearslater,whileworkingatamunitycollege,Ibecamefriendswiththepresident’ssecretary.Sheencouragedmetotakeclassesandgetateachingdegree.Iwrestledwiththeideaforseveralmonthsandfinallyenrolledinoneclassthatfall.Tomyamazement,Ilovedschool.Ilovedlearning.So,inthespring,Ienrolledintwoclasseswhileworkingfulltime.Idoubleduponclasses,evengoinginthesummermonths.Iwon’tsayitwaseasy.Istillhadalltheresponsibilityfortwoteenagedaughters,makingmyhouseahome,preparingmeals,planningsocialevents,makingsuretheirhomeworkwasdone,andfindingtimetodomyownhomework.Inoneofmylowmoments,asIquestionedwhethertocontinuewithmyeducation,myfifteenyearolddaughterstrolledintotheroom.“Whatareyoudoing?”sheasked,“TryingtodecideifIwanttopursuemyeducationandgetadegreeornot,”Ireplieddespondently(苦惱地).“Whyareyouwondering?”sheasked.“Well,I’llbefortybythetimeIfinallygetmydegree.”“You’llbefortyanyway,”shesaidmatteroffactly.“Doyouwanttobefortywithadegreeorfortywithoutadegree?”Andthenshewalkedoutoftheroom.Istaredafterherindisbelief.Outofthemouthofbabes!Inthatmoment,mylifechanged.Iwantedtobefortywithacollegedegree!Idon’tknowwhatgotmetothefinishline,butfourmonthsaftermyfortiethbirthday,IwalkedproudlyacrossthestagetoreceivemyBachelor’sinEducation.Threeyearslater,IreceivedmyMaster’sinEnglish.ThatonedecisionImadesomanyyearsagoopeneddoorstonewworldsthatIhadneverdreamedofbefore.Itchangedmylifeinthemostbeautifulway,fillingitwithjoy,happiness,laughterandfun.Andthatmadeallthedifference.4.Whatinspiredtheauthortopursuehereducation?A.Advicefromafriendatwork. B.Adesiretochangehercareerpath.C.Aconversationwiththecollege’spresident. D.Encouragementfromherteenagedaughter.5Whatmadetheauthor’sroadtoherdegreetough?A.Lackofherdaughters’support. B.Alltheoverwhelminghouseholdchores.C.Financialcrisiscausedbylowpayingjobs. D.Demandinglearningtasksrequiredbythecourses.6.Whatmotivatestheauthortocarryonwithhereducation?A.Promotionatwork. B.Thedesireforabetterself.C.Anewfoundloveforlearning. D.Aconversationwithherfriend.7.Whatcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Ambitiousandcurious. B.Honestandadventurous.C.Diligentanddetermined. D.Courageousandconsiderate.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在37歲去求學，在忙碌的家務與工作中擠出時間學習，在面對低谷時重振精神，最終獲得了學士學位乃至碩士學位。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“Threeyearslater,whileworkingatamunitycollege,Ibecamefriendswiththepresident’ssecretary.Sheencouragedmetotakeclassesandgetateachingdegree.(三年后，當我在一所社區大學工作時，我和總統的秘書成了朋友。她鼓勵我去上課并獲得教師學位)”可知，作者在社區學校工作時，成了校長秘書的朋友，后者鼓勵作者去上課并讀教育學位，故選A。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“Idoubleduponclasses,evengoinginthesummermonths.Iwon’tsayitwaseasy.Istillhadalltheresponsibilityfortwoteenagedaughters,makingmyhouseahome,preparingmeals,planningsocialevents,makingsuretheirhomeworkwasdone,andfindingtimetodomyownhomework.(我上了兩倍的課，甚至在暑假也去上課。我不會說這很容易。我仍然要承擔照顧兩個十幾歲女兒的所有責任：把家收拾得像個家，準備飯菜，策劃社交活動，確保她們完成家庭作業，還要找時間做我自己的家庭作業)”可知，家庭職責和瑣碎家務使得作者的求學之路并不輕松，故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段““Whyareyouwondering?”sheasked.“Well,I’llbefortybythetimeIfinallygetmydegree.”“You’llbefortyanyway,”shesaidmatteroffactly.“Doyouwanttobefortywithadegreeorfortywithoutadegree?”Andthenshewalkedoutoftheroom.Istaredafterherindisbelief.Outofthemouthofbabes!Inthatmoment,mylifechanged.Iwantedtobefortywithacollegedegree!(“你為什么苦惱？”她問。“嗯，等我拿到學位的時候我就四十歲了。“反正你都要到四十歲的，”她實事求是地說。“你想在四十歲時有學位還是四十歲時沒有學位？”然后她走出了房間。我難以置信地盯著她的背影。從孩子嘴里說出來的！在那一刻，我的生活改變了。我想在四十歲的時候拿到大學學位！)”可推斷，希望自己的人生更好促使作者繼續她的教育，故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Idon’tknowwhatgotmetothefinishline,butfourmonthsaftermyfortiethbirthday,IwalkedproudlyacrossthestagetoreceivemyBachelor’sinEducation.Threeyearslater,IreceivedmyMaster’sinEnglish.ThatonedecisionImadesomanyyearsagoopeneddoorstonewworldsthatIhadneverdreamedofbefore.Itchangedmylifeinthemostbeautifulway,fillingitwithjoy,happiness,laughterandfun.Andthatmadeallthedifference.(我不知道是什么把我帶到了終點線，但在我四十歲生日四個月后，我自豪地走過講臺，接受了我的教育學學士學位。三年后，我獲得了英語碩士學位。多年前我所做的一個決定為我打開了通往新世界的大門，這是我以前從未夢想過的。它以最美好的方式改變了我的生活，讓我的生活充滿了快樂、幸福、笑聲和樂趣。這讓一切都不一樣了)”文章講述了作者在37歲去求學，在忙碌的家務與工作中擠出時間學習，在面對低谷時重振精神，最終獲得了學士學位乃至碩士學位，可見作者是個勤勉，有毅力的人，故選C。CTheScrantonlacefactoryclosedin2002andsatabandonedforabouttwodecades—arelicoftheindustrialPennsylvaniacity’sgoldendays.Today,about1,000peoplehavesaidthey’dliketorent32luxuryapartmentsbuiltinsidethefactory’soriginalwallsfor$950to$3600amonth,saidprojectpropertymanagerMichaelBasalyga,whocollectedsignupsinanonlineregistrationform.Americanswhowouldtraditionallybehomeownershavebeelongtermrenters,includingsomewithnoplanstoeverbuyahome.Rentersarechangingsavingpatterns,generatingnewdevelopments,andinspiringbusinesses.LaceVillageisoneofhundredsofnewrentaldevelopmentsrisinguptoserveawaveofhigherineandolderrentersfloodingintoAmerica’stownsandcitiessearchingforluxurywithoutmitment.“Theyaretryingtocreateamunityfeelwithalltheadvantagesthatewithhomeownership(私房屋主)withouttheburdenofhomeownership,”saysinvestmentsalespresidentTrevorKoskovich.Newsubdivisions(住宅區)fullofsinglefamilyhomesforrent—allbutnonexistentadecadeago—arespringingupfromcoasttocoast.Morerentalsareadvertisingthemselvesaskidandpetfriendlyandpermittingrenterstomakenecessarychangeswithintheirspaces.Theonlydifference:Allthehousesarerented,notowned.“It’snotthatwecan’taffordtobuyahouse;it’sthatwedon’twantto,”saysCouch,whois37andworksinoperationsforaclinic.Theyhadthreedomesticvacationsinthepastyear,andincreasedtheirsavings.Withinetospare,hisfamilyplanstobuynewfurnitureandtorepainttheir12yearolddaughter’sbedroom.Withrentersstayingintheirspaceslonger,theyaremorelikelytospendmoneytransformingthemtomatchtheirtastesandpreferences.Tempaper&Co.,aremovablewallpaperbrand,saystheirwebsitetrafficinthefourthquarterof2023wasmorethandouble2022’s.AtPoplight,whichsellslightequipment,onlinestorevisitsdoubledfromOctober2023toNovember2023.8.WhatcanwelearnabouttheScrantonlacefactory?A.Ithascollectedsignupsforrentalonline. B.Ithadwallsthathadgreatmercialvalues.C.Ithasbeentransformedintoarentalbuilding. D.Itwasinuseforabouttwodecades.9.Whyhavepeoplebeelongtermrenters?A.Becausetheycan’taffordtobuyahouse.B.Becausetheywanttobuynewfurniture.C.Becausetheyplantobuyahousewhentheygetolder.D.Becausetheycanliveinfortwithoutbuyingahouse.10.Whatmighttheunderlinedphrase“springingup”meaninParagraph5?A.Startingtoexist. B.Spreadingquickly.C.Planningtochange. D.Developingrapidly.11.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Bylistingopinions. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingparisons. D.Byquotingprofessionals.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了傳統上擁有房屋的美國人變成了長期租房者，租房者正在改變儲蓄模式，創造新的發展，并激勵企業。解釋了這一現象背后的原因。【8題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“TheScrantonlacefactoryclosedin2002andsatabandonedforabouttwodecades—arelicoftheindustrialPennsylvaniacity’sgoldendays.Today,about1,000peoplehavesaidthey’dliketorent32luxuryapartmentsbuiltinsidethefactory’soriginalwallsfor$950to$3600amonth,saidprojectpropertymanagerMichaelBasalyga,whocollectedsignupsinanonlineregistrationform.(斯克蘭頓花邊廠于2002年關閉，被遺棄了大約20年——這是這座賓夕法尼亞工業城市黃金時代的遺跡。項目物業經理邁克爾·巴薩利加在網上收集了注冊表格，他說，如今，大約有1000人表示，他們想以每月950美元到3600美元的價格租用32套建在工廠原有圍墻內的豪華公寓)”可知，斯克蘭頓花邊廠已被改造成出租大樓。故選C。【9題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段““Theyaretryingtocreateamunityfeelwithalltheadvantagesthatewithhomeownership(私房屋主)withouttheburdenofhomeownership,”saysinvestmentsalespresidentTrevorKoskovich.(投資銷售總裁特雷弗·科斯科維奇說：“他們正試圖創造一種社區感覺，既擁有住房的所有優勢，又沒有住房的負擔。)”可推斷，人們會成為長期租房者因為他們不買房子也能過得很舒適。故選D。【10題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞上文“Newsubdivisions(住宅區)fullofsinglefamilyhomesforrent—allbutnonexistentadecadeago”可知，新的小區里到處都是出租的獨戶住宅，在過去10年里幾乎是不存在的，因而“arespringingupfromcoasttocoast”表明它們現在開始存在了。故劃線詞意思是“開始存在”，故選A。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段““It’snotthatwecan’taffordtobuyahouse;it’sthatwedon’twantto,”saysCouch,whois37andworksinoperationsforaclinic.(“并不是我們買不起房子；而是我們不想這么做，”37歲庫奇說。她在一家診所做手術)”以及最后一段“Tempaper&Co.,aremovablewallpaperbrand,saystheirwebsitetrafficinthefourthquarterof2023wasmorethandouble2022’s.AtPoplight,whichsellslightequipment,onlinestorevisitsdoubledfromOctober2023toNovember2023.(可移動墻紙品牌Tempaper&Co.表示，他們的網站流量在2023年第四季度是2022年的兩倍多。在銷售照明設備的polight，從2023年10月到2023年11月，網店訪問量翻了一番)”可推知，作者通過舉例展開最后兩段。故選B。DTheideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbeesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswellestablishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(標準),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamoreindepthstudytoparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthosebornintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃paredtothoseborninthe1890s.Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareductioninthehumanmetabolicrate(代謝率)duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎癥),whichpromotemetabolism.Thisbinedwithpeoplelivingmorefortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.”Theenvironmentthatwe’relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinourhomes,ourcontactwithmicroorganisms(微生物)andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.Allthesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsiderhumanbeingsasthesameforallofhumanevolution,we’renotthesame.We’reactuallychangingphysiologically,”Parsonnetsaid.12.WhatisCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich’sachievement?A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.B.Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodytemperature.C.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.D.Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperature.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam’sstudy?A.Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.B.Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.C.Itparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature.14.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.B.Thecontactwithothercreatures.C.Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.15.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatexactlyisnormalhumanbodytemperature?B.Whydoeshumanbodytemperatureneedmeasuring?C.HumanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyearsD.Humanbodytemperaturechangeswiththeenvironment【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。研究發現，人類的平均標準體溫在下降，傳統意義上的37℃的標準體溫已經不適用于所有人。【12題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.(1851年，德國醫生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人體溫度約為37℃的觀點。)”和第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(最近的研究表明，與公認的標準相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較低)”可知，CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich提出人類標準體溫大約是37℃。故選D項。【13題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(標準),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamoreindepthstudytoparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.(最近的研究表明，與公認的標準相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較低，因此，由醫學、健康研究與政策教授JulieParsonnet醫學博士領導的斯坦福大學團隊決定進行一項更深入的研究，將現代測量值與歷史記錄進行比較，試圖確定體溫趨勢，揭示這種冷卻現象發生的原因。)”及第三段關于兩個不同歷史時期體溫的對比可知，該研究團隊對比研究了歷史和當前的人體體溫數據。故選C項。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎癥),whichpromotemetabolism.Thisbinedwithpeoplelivingmorefortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.(一種可能性是，200多年來公共衛生的改善降低了炎癥的發生率，炎癥可以促進新陳代謝。這與人們在更穩定的環境中過著更舒適的生活相結合，意味著身體不必為了保暖而努力工作，因此平均溫度會下降。)”可推知，生活條件的改善使人類的標準體溫降低。故選A項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbeesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswellestablishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.(1851年，德國醫生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人體溫度約為37℃的觀點。從那時起，它被廣泛接受，成為健康的試金石——醫生和父母使用的診斷工具，作為判斷某人是否生病或健康的基本指標。然而，事實證明，事實上，這個公認的事實是不正確的——或者，更準確地說，人類多年來一直在變冷。)”以及后文可知，本文介紹了斯坦福大學的一項研究：自19世紀末以來，人類的標準體溫有所下降，由此推斷，C項Humanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyears(人體溫度多年來一直在下降)為最佳標題。故選C項。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Areyouan“Iperson”oran“Eperson”?____16____TheyarepartofapopularpersonalitytestcalledtheMyersBriggsTypeIndicator,orMBTI.Alloftheresultshavefourletters,andthereare16resultsintotal.“I”and“E”referto“introverted”(內向的)and“extroverted”(外向的),respectively.____17____Forexample,whenanintrovertedpersoniswithagroupofintrovertedfriends,theymightbeemoresociallikean“E”person.Accordingtopsychologists,thisideaoftemporarilyswitchingpersonalitiesiscalled“masking”.____18____“Humanbeingswanttofeeltheybelong,andtheymightbeepeoplepleaserstodoso,”wrotetheMasterClasswebsite.UsingtheMBTIresulttoidentifyanddescribesomeone’spersonalityseemsfun.However,Iwenttoofaratonetime.MysisterwasexcitedlymakingadaytodaytravelplanwhenIrememberedfromanarticlethat“P”peopledon’tliketomakeorsticktoplans,soIsaidtoher,“Youdon’tseemlikea‘Pperson’.”“Why?”sheaskedback.“SincewhendoIneedtofollowwhatmypersonalitytesttellsmetodo?”____19____TheMBTIpersonalitytestmayshowsomethingyoudon’tknowaboutyourselfandcanevenbefunicebreakerquestionwhenmeetingnewfriends.Andthat’sallitis—fun.Knowingsomeone’sMBTIresultdoesn’tmeanyoureallyknowthisperson.____20____A.Evenifsomeoneistypicallyquiet,manyonlinediscussionssuggestthatan“I”personcanstillactoutgoingattimes.B.Thesetwopersonalitylabelsinparticulararewidelydiscussedonline.C.ItwasthenthatIrealizedI’dtakentheresulttooseriously.D.Thatishidingyourtruepersonalityinspecificsituations.E.Personalitylabelsalsohelpustotellthedifferencebetweenpeople.F.Butdeepdown,theymostlyenjoybeingsilentandquiet.G.Andthosefourlettersofyoursdon’tdefinewhoyouare.【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.C20.G【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了作者對MBTI人格測試的看法以及一些親身經歷和感悟。【16題詳解】根據上文“Areyouan“Iperson”oran“Eperson”?(你是I人還是E人？)”以及后文“TheyarepartofapopularpersonalitytestcalledtheMyersBriggsTypeIndicator,orMBTI.Alloftheresultshavefourletters,andthereare16resultsintotal.“I”and“E”referto“introverted”(內向)and“extroverted”(外向的),respectively.(它們是一種流行的人格測試的一部分，被稱為邁爾斯布里格斯類型指標(MBTI)。所有的結果都有四個字母，總共有16個結果。“I”和“E”分別代表“內向”和“外向”)”可知，根據上下文你是“I”人還是“E”人，“I”指的是內向型人格，“E”指的是外向型人格，可知這兩種人格標簽是網絡上廣泛討論的內容，故B選項“這兩種性格標簽在網上被廣泛討論”符合語境，故選B。【17題詳解】根據后文“Forexample,whenanintrovertedpersoniswithagroupofintrovertedfriends,theymightbeemoresociallikean“E”person.(例如，當一個內向的人和一群內向的朋友在一起時，他們可能會變得更像一個“E”型的人)”可知，后文例子表明當一個內向的人跟一群內向的朋友在一起時，他們可能會像外向型的人一樣，因此可推斷，即使一個人很安靜內向，有時一個“I”人也會有外向的一面，故A選項“即使一個人是典型的沉默寡言，許多網上討論表明，一個“I”型的人有時仍然可以表現得外向”符合語境，故選A。【18題詳解】根據上文“Accordingtopsychologists,thisideaoftemporarilyswitchingpersonalitiesiscalled“masking”.(根據心理學家的說法，這種暫時轉換個性的想法被稱為“偽裝”)”可知，本句總結上文，指出“偽裝”就是在特定的情況下隱藏自己的真實性格，其中masking對應hiding，故D選項“在特定情況下隱藏你的真實個性”符合語境，故選D。【19題詳解】根據上文“UsingtheMBTIresulttoidentifyanddescribesomeone’spersonalityseemsfun.However,Iwenttoofaratonetime.MysisterwasexcitedlymakingadaytodaytravelplanwhenIrememberedfromanarticlethat“P”peopledon’tliketomakeorsticktoplans,soIsaidtoher,“Youdon’tseemlikea‘Pperson’.”“Why?”sheaskedback.“SincewhendoIneedtofollowwhatmypersonalitytesttellsmetodo?”(用MBTI測試的結果來識別和描述一個人的性格似乎很有趣。然而，有一次我走得太遠了。我妹妹正在興奮地制定日常旅行計劃，這時我想起了一篇文章，說“P”型的人不喜歡制定或堅持計劃，所以我對她說：“你看起來不像“P”型的人。”“為什么？”她反問道。“從什么時候開始我需要按照我的性格測試告訴我的去做”)”可知，上文中的例子表明，作者曾經一度過于相信MBTI的定義和描述，甚至誤解姐姐做旅行不像所謂的“P”型人格特點，可知，直到那時作者才發現自己過于在意這個測試結果，故C選項“那時我才意識到我把結果看得太認真了”符合語境，故選C。【20題詳解】根據上文“TheMBTIpersonalitytestmayshowsomethingyoudon’tknowaboutyourselfandcanevenbefunicebreakerquestionwhenmeetingnewfriends.Andthat’sallitis—fun.Knowingsomeone’sMBTIresultdoesn’tmeanyoureallyknowthisperson.(MBTI人格測試可能會顯示出你對自己不了解的一些東西，甚至可以成為結識新朋友時有趣的破冰問題。這就是一切——有趣。知道某人的MBTI測試結果并不意味著你真的了解這個人)”可知，MBTI人格測試可能會讓你更了解自己，在結實新朋友時，我們也可以把它當作一個破冰的話題。但它就是個樂子而已。知道某人的性格測試結果并不意味著你真的了解他/她，由此可知，這四個字母的性格測試結果也并不能定義你是誰，故G選項“你的四個字母并不能定義你是誰”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。OnJuly15,asmallmunityinColoradowitnessedanextraordinaryactofbraveryduringafiercewildfire.FirefighterJohnSmithshouldhavepletedhis____21____hoursearlier,buthisdecisiontostaysavedafamily’shomefromdestruction.Hismotivationcamefromthe____22____toprotecthismunity.Asreportedbylocalnews,Smithwasnearingtheendofhisshiftwhenhenoticedahouseinthepathofthe___23___flames.Withouthesitation,he____24____tothescene,awarethateverysecond____25____.Hequicklyassessedthesituationandrealizedthatwithadditionalassistance,hemightsavethehouse.Hegearedupandgrabbedahose(水龍帶),____26____theflameswithintensefocus.Afterhoursofrelentless(不懈的)effort,hemanagedto____27____thefire,preventingitfromspreadingtothenearbyresidentialarea.Oncethedangerhadpassed,thehomeownerswere____28____andcouldn’texpressenough____29____toSmith.Theyknewthattheirhomewouldhavebeenreducedtoasheswithouthis____30____efforts.____31____Smith,heremainedhumbleabouthisheroicactions.“Iwasjustdoingmyjob,”hesaid____32____.Inhisview,itwasnotanachievement,butratheraduty.“Anyoneinmy____33____wouldhavedonethesame,”headded.____34____Smithandthefamilywerestrangersbeforetheincident,theyhavesinceformedastrongbond.Smithmaynothavewonanyofficial____35____,buthisactofselflessnessandcouragewontheheartsoftheentiremunity.21.A.journey B.vacation C.break D.shift22.A.encouragement B.hesitation C.mitment D.inspiration23.A.pressing B.struggling C.advancing D.appearing24.A.rushed B.returned C.retreated D.refunded25.A.valued B.included C.assessed D.counted26.A.pushing B.battling C.playing D.destroying27.A.set B.place C.contain D.gain28.A.overwhelmed B.disappointed C.indifferent D.ungrateful29.A