七、定語從句1/48考點15組易混關(guān)系代詞使用方法辨析1.只用that不用which情況(1)先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代詞時。*Allthatyouneedtodoisfocusononething.2/48(2)先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,very等修飾時。*Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.(3)先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時。*ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.(4)先行詞為人、物并用時。*Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?3/48(5)主句主語是疑問詞who或which時。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(6)先行詞在主句中作表語,而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時。*Shandongisnolongertheprovincethatitusedtobe.4/482.只用which不用that情況(1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。*IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?(2)引導非限制性定語從句時。*Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichtheyneverhadtimetodowhileworking.5/48(3)先行詞為that/those時。*What’sthatwhichwasputinthecar?(4)which用作定語時。*Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.6/483.thesame...as與thesame...thatthesame...as表示相同或同類東西;thesame...that表示同一人或物①Thisisthesamebookashelentmelastweek.這與他上星期借給我那本書屬于同一類。②Thisisthesamebookthathelentmelastweek.這是他上星期借給我那本書。7/484.such/so...as與such/so...thatsuch/so...as(定語從句)像……那樣(as在從句中作主語、賓語等);such/so...that(狀語從句)如此……以至于(that在從句中不作任何成份)①ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.②ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.8/485.as與which(1)as引導非限制性定語從句既能夠放在主句前,也能夠放在主句后,有時還可插入主句中。which引導非限制性定語從句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意為“正如……”,后面謂語動詞多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which意為“這一點”或“這件事”等。9/48①NeedforSpeedisaverysuccessfulfilm,asisknowntoall.②Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.10/48【典例剖析】用適當關(guān)系詞填空(·安徽高考)Theexactyear__________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas.11/48解題關(guān)鍵:本題先行詞為year,考生首先會想到when。但當先行詞為時間、地點名詞時,用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞取決于該詞在定語從句中充當什么句子成份。本題定語從句中謂語動詞spent為及物動詞,故從句中缺乏賓語,關(guān)系詞代替先行詞作其賓語。答案判定:which/that12/48【高考題組】用適當關(guān)系詞填空/改錯1.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Maybeyouhaveahabit__________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.2.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Thecity’s“psychologycafes”,______offergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.3.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Trustisalearnedbehavior__________wegainfrompastexperiences.that/whichwhichthat/which13/484.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(改錯)_____________that改為which14/48考點2關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose1.who和whom使用方法(1)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those指代人時或表示人名詞時。*ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeformedicinein.15/48(2)在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人。*There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

(3)一個句子中帶有兩個修飾人定語從句,其中一個定語從句關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個宜用who以防止重復。*Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.16/48(4)當關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時,只能用whom,whom在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,介詞可放在后面,也可提前組成介詞+whom(先行詞指人)結(jié)構(gòu)。*Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.17/482.whose使用方法whose指人或物,作定語,表示“……”,可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞”,指人時可用ofwhom;指物時可用ofwhich。*Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestory/of

whomthestoryshowsthemostimagination.18/48【點津】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。*Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.

19/48【典例剖析】用適當關(guān)系詞填空(·全國卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,______livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.20/48解題關(guān)鍵:該句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞是Confucius,定語從句中缺乏主語,應用who引導定語從句。答案判定:who21/48【高考題組】用適當關(guān)系詞填空1.(·北京高考)Ilivenextdoortoacouple______childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.2.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisyear,25,310students____haveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear.whosewho22/483.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Students____takeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.4.(·陜西高考)Asalesman____isnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforanappointment.

whowho23/48考點3關(guān)系副詞when,where,why1.when使用方法先行詞為“時間名詞”,可用when引導定語從句,when在定語從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。*Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.

24/482.where使用方法(1)先行詞是“地點名詞”,定語從句可用where引導,where在從句中作狀語,也可用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)代替。*Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.25/48(2)假如定語從句修飾point,situation,position,condition和case等表示抽象意義詞,慣用where引導,意思是“到了某種地步,在某種境況下”(前提是從句中缺乏狀語)。*Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.26/483.why使用方法先行詞是表示原因名詞reason時,能夠用why引導定語從句,why在定語從句中作原因狀語,也可用forwhich替換。能夠把此時句子切記為一個固定句型,即Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...,意為“……原因是……”。27/48*Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.28/48【點津】(1)選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞標準:在選擇關(guān)系詞時,最主要是分析定語從句中所缺成份。若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關(guān)系代詞;若從句中不缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,必須用關(guān)系副詞。29/48*Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語)*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenmyfatherreturnedfromAmerica.(關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語)30/48(2)當way表示方法、方式作先行詞,且后面定語從句缺方式狀語時能夠用that或inwhich引導,也能夠省略關(guān)系詞。假如后面定語從句中缺乏賓語,要用that或which引導,也能夠省略關(guān)系詞。*Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstohismother.31/48【典例剖析】用適當關(guān)系詞填空(·全國卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,______IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.32/48解題關(guān)鍵:此處表示當初我是第一個西方記者,依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句是一個非限制性定語從句,其先行詞為mid-1980s,故應該使用when表示時間。答案判定:when33/48【高考題組】用適當關(guān)系詞填空1.(·天津高考)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_____theweathermaybebetter.2.(·湖北高考)Thereason____theponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyarea.whenwhy34/483.(·廣東高考)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket______peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.4.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Thehardwoodforests______passengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood.

wherewhere35/48考點4介詞+關(guān)系代詞6個考查點1.考查定語從句中動詞與介詞搭配*Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturninthenearfuture.2.考查定語從句中形容詞與介詞搭配習慣*HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.

36/483.考查依據(jù)句意或者先行詞與介詞搭配習慣確定介詞*Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcan’twatchTVclearly.37/484.考查表示所屬關(guān)系ofwhich/whom*Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionof

which/whoseconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.注意:the+n.+ofwhich(whom)可與whose+n.交換。38/485.考查表示整體與部分關(guān)系ofwhich/whom*Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.6.考查表示同位關(guān)系ofwhich/whom*Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhomIhadevermetbefore.39/48【點津】選擇介詞3個標準:①依據(jù)句子意思表示需要;②依據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞搭配習慣;③依據(jù)先行詞和介詞搭配習慣。40/48【辨析】定語從句與幾個句式和從句區(qū)分與并列句區(qū)分假如兩個句子之間是分號,或有and,but,so等連接詞,則這兩個句子為并列句;假如兩個句子之間是逗號,且沒有上述連接詞,則這兩個句子之間就是主從關(guān)系,須有一個引導詞引導定語從句與強調(diào)句型區(qū)分判斷強調(diào)句型關(guān)鍵在于把強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“Itis/was...that/who...”去掉后,主句意思和結(jié)構(gòu)是完整41/48與狀語從句區(qū)分狀語從句通常沒有先行詞,整個從句在復合句中作時間、地點或原因等狀語,而定語從句是對先行詞起修飾限定作用42/48與同位語從句區(qū)分①定語從句對先行詞起修飾、限定作用;而同位語從句對先行詞起解