專題03閱讀理解詞義猜測題目錄題型綜述 2解題攻略 3題型01定義法猜詞義題 3題型02對比法猜詞義題 4題型03因果法猜詞義題題型04常識聯想法猜詞義題 6題型05例舉法猜詞義題 7題型06語境線索法猜詞義題 8題型07根據構詞法知識猜詞義題高考練場題型簡介詞義猜測題是高考英語閱讀理解中的常見題型。主要考查考生根據上下文語境來推測單詞、短語或句子含義的能力。在閱讀過程中，考生難免會遇到一些生詞或具有特殊含義的詞匯，這種題型就是檢驗考生能否通過文章的線索和邏輯關系來理解這些詞匯的真實意思。它不僅要求考生有一定的詞匯量，還需要具備較強的語境理解能力。高考英語對于詞義猜測題的考查，每年都有一到兩題。該題型涉及的文章體裁豐富多樣，無論是記敘文、說明文還是議論文都有可能出現詞義猜測題。尤其是科技類說明文中，作者通常會對一些關鍵詞或專業術語進行解釋。常見的有對該詞下定義或后跟同位語、定語從句、冒號、破折號、括號等引出解釋說明部分。通過閱讀定義或解釋部分，讀者便可理解該詞或短語的意思。而且，被猜測的詞可能是超綱詞，也可能是熟悉詞匯的生僻含義。命題類型猜測單詞的意思：這是最常見的類型，文章中出現一個生詞，要求考生根據上下文來猜測其含義。例如，在描述一種新的科學技術的文章中，出現了一個專業術語，通過對該技術的原理、應用場景等周邊信息的描述來猜測這個專業術語的意思。猜測短語的意思：一些由兩個或多個單詞組成的短語，其含義可能不是各個單詞意思的簡單相加。比如，“afar-cryfrom”這個短語在句子中的意思需要結合上下文來理解，可能是“與……大不相同”的意思，而不是從字面理解的“從遠處哭泣”。猜測句子的含義：要求考生理解一個句子的隱含意義。這個句子可能是含有隱喻、象征等修辭手法，或者是在特定的文化、技術等語境下具有特殊的含義。例如，“Thenewpolicyisthelightattheendofthetunnelforthestrugglingcompany.”這里的句子意思不是簡單的字面意思，而是表示“新政策是這家陷入困境的公司的希望之光”。解題思路利用上下文語境：這是最關鍵的方法。通過觀察生詞所在句子的前后文，尋找解釋、定義、舉例、對比、因果等線索。例如，如果句子中有“thatis”“inotherwords”“namely”等詞，后面的內容很可能是對生詞的解釋；如果有“suchas”“forexample”，則后面的例子可以幫助我們理解生詞的含義。利用邏輯關系：注意文章中的轉折、并列、因果等邏輯關系。如果出現“but”“however”等轉折詞，那么生詞的意思可能與前面的內容相反；如果是“and”“also”等并列詞，生詞的意思可能與相鄰詞匯相近。利用構詞法：對于一些有詞根、詞綴的單詞，可以通過分析其詞根、詞綴來猜測大致意思。例如，“un-”這個前綴通常表示否定，“pre-”表示“在……之前”。但要注意，有些詞綴在不同的單詞中有不同的意思，而且有些單詞不能單純依靠構詞法來準確猜測。代入驗證：將猜測的意思代入原文，看是否符合上下文的邏輯和語境。如果代入后句子通順，并且與文章的主題、情節等相符，那么這個猜測很可能是正確的。一般來說，詞義猜測題常用解題方法：定義法、對比法、因果法、常識聯想法、例舉法、語境線索法、構詞法等。猜詞題可以使用以下口決：1.指代詞：出現指代往前找，單復人物要看好；2.半熟悉詞，利用構詞法：半生不熟看構詞，結合語境來把持；3.純生詞，則利用邏輯關系、同義解釋、上下文語境：同義語境和邏輯，上下求索尋真義。命題方式【常見考法】詞義猜測題經常使用的提問方式有：1)Theword“ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans________.2)Theunderlinedword“ABC”inthepassagerefersto/means_______.3)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？4)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．5)Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．題型01定義法有時短文中出現一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現其定義或解釋。一般通過定義、定語從句、同位語短語或從句等來確定詞義。有時通過or,thatis,thatistosay,namely,inotherwords等來釋義。需要解釋的單詞和短語大多是專有名詞、生僻詞或文中較重要的詞。標點符號，如逗號后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號后的解釋、括號內的解釋等。定義常用的謂語動詞多為：be,

mean,deal

with,be

consideredtobe,becalled,

define,represent,

refer

to,

signify(意味，表明)等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據。(安徽省示范高中培優聯盟2024-2025學年上學期12月聯考試卷)BritishParalympicbronzemedalistJohnMcFallcarriedtheParalympicflagattheopeningceremonyoftheParis2024ParalympicGames.HewasoneofonlytwoflagbearerstorepresentthewholeParalympicGames,ratherthanaspecificcountry................Afterundergoingstricttesting,hepassedalltheevaluations,provingthatanastronautwithadisabilitylikehiscouldsuccessfullyoperateinspace,Wiredmagazinereported.Althoughhehasbeenreferredtoasa“parastronaut”,McFallpreferstobeseensimplyasanormalcrewmember.McFallhopeshisexperience,alongwiththose4,000athletesattheParisParalympicGames,cansendanencouragingmessagetoothersfacinganykindoflife-changingcircumstances.10．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph4?A．entrances B．examinations C．questions D．tracks【答案】10．B【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述殘奧會銅牌得主McFaⅡ將要成為第一個登上太空的殘疾宇航員的故事。10．詞義判斷題。根據第四段“Afterundergoingstricttesting,hepassedallthe…(經過嚴格的測試后，他通過了所有的……)”，可知，上文說的是嚴格的測試，與選項中examinations的意思接近。故選B。題型02對比法利用前后對比來猜測詞義。轉折連詞“but”、讓步狀語從句、條件從句和“unlike”,“inspiteof”,“onthecontrary”,“ontheotherhand”,“however”等介詞、副詞能構成前后意義上的對比關系。而as,like,justasalso等詞則可以幫助構成意義上相似、成份上對應的比較關系。這些都是我們解決猜詞的標識詞語。(安徽省江淮十校2025屆高三第二次聯考)Formanypeople,thecruelestpartofdailylifeisthetransitionbetweenwakefulnessandsleep.Whenyoushouldbesleeping,youwanttobeawake;whenyoushouldbeawake,youwanttostayasleep.Itiseasytoregardsleepasatorment:hardtoattainandthenhardtogiveup,dayafterdayafterday.Itisnofreshnewstomostpeoplethatadequatesleepimproveswell-being.Onerecentstudyofmorethan30,000U.K.residentsfoundthatpeoplewhoincreasedtheirquantityofsleepoverafour-yearperiodgotaboutthesamehappinessbenefitsastheywouldhavefromeightweeksoftherapy,orfromwinningupto$280,000inalottery.Well-restedpeoplearemoresocialandhavemorepositiveemotionalexperienceswithco-workersandromanticpartners.Sleepinsufficiency,however,lowershappinessbyweakeningemotional-memoryrecallandencouragingascarcitymindset,pittingpeopleagainstothers..........32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“torment”mean?A.Consciousness. B.Suffering. C.Refreshment. D.Amusement.【答案】32.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了睡眠不足帶來的影響以及“睡前拖延癥”的成因。【32題詳解】詞句猜測題。由第一段中“Whenyoushouldbesleeping,youwanttobeawake;whenyoushouldbeawake,youwanttostayasleep.Itiseasytoregardsleepasatorment:hardtoattainandthenhardtogiveup,dayafterdayafterday.(當你應該睡覺的時候，你想醒著；當你應該醒著的時候，你想保持睡眠。人們很容易將睡眠視為一種torment：難以獲得，然后難以放棄，日復一日)”可知，日復一日，難以企及，也難以放棄，所以人們很容易將睡眠視為一種折磨，torment的意思是“折磨”，即suffering。故選B項。題型03因果法因果關系是一種常見的、行之有效的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關系，一定的原因會導致一定的結果，某一結果總是由某種或某些原因引起的，不管生詞出現在原因分句還是結果分句，我們都能從因果關系中推出其含義。在一篇閱讀文章中，根據原因可以預測結果，根據結果也可以找出原因。作者在敘述原因的過程中就必然會把詞或句子置于因果關系中。常見的表示因果關系的詞匯：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,due

to,owing

to,thanks

to,on

account

of,result

in,result

from,as

a

result,for

this

reason,accordingly,

so...that...,sothat,such...that等。(湖北省十一校2024-2025學年高三上學期12月聯考英語試題)Fordecades,“simplerisbetter”hasbeenacceptedasauniversaltruthinmarketing.NickLight,assistantprofessorofmarketingattheUOLundquistCollegeofBusiness,hastestedthatassumption.Hefoundthatmostconsumerspreferofferingsthatappeartobeeasytouseandunderstand.However,pushingsimplicitycanhaveahidden,costlydownside.“Simplicityisnotasilverbullet,”Lightsaid.Thismethodmightworkforestablishedcompanieswithtrackrecordstobackuptheirclaims.Butitcanberiskyforastart-upwithnohistoryoracompanyinacomplicatedmarketcategorywherefailuresorbreakdownsaremorecommon..........12.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“asilverbullet”inparagraph2mean?A.Ariskyinvestment. B.Abusinessstrategy. C.Aquick-fixmethod. D.Acure-allsolution.【答案】12.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了品牌過度簡化可能帶來的負面影響和消費者的反應。【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第二段中“Simplicityisnot(簡化不是)”，以及“Butitcanberiskyforastart-upwithnohistoryoracompanyinacomplicatedmarketcategorywherefailuresorbreakdownsaremorecommon.(但對于沒有歷史的初創企業或處于復雜市場類別，失敗或故障的公司來說，這可能存在風險)”可知，這里simplicity并不是一個能解決所有問題的方案，因此asilverbullet指的是cure-allsolution“萬能藥”。故選D。題型04常識聯想法在僅靠分析篇章內在邏輯關系和語境無法猜出詞義時，我們可以借助生活經驗和普通常識確定詞義。閱讀題文段題材豐富，涉及社會、科普、政治、文化、經濟、歷史、生活、風俗等多方面知識。(河南省九師聯盟2024-2025學年高三11月質量檢測試題)Childrenaretaughtthatthepolitethingtodoisalwayssay“please”.Today’sbabiesareeventaughtitusingsignlanguage.Buthowoftendoyoureallysay“please”ineverydayconversations?AnewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundpeopleusedtheword“please”whenmakingarequestonly7%ofthetime.“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults,”saysTanyaStivers,aprofessorofsociologyatUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.”........12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”inparagraph2mean?A.Thesameasthefact. B.Contrarytocommonsense.C.Reasonabletoaccept. D.Difficulttodisagreewith.【答案】12.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項關于“please”在日常請求中使用情況的研究，介紹了研究結果、原因以及專家對此的看法和建議。【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。結合第一段中關于人們使用“please”一詞的頻率的研究數據和第二段中“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults(我們對結果感到驚訝)”以及“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.(有這么低的數字感覺是_____。)”可知，人們對“please”在日常請求中的使用頻率之低感到驚訝，這與人們的普遍預期或直覺是相反的。故劃線詞counterintuitive意為“與直覺相反的，違反常理的”，與B項Contrarytocommonsense(與常識相反)意思相近。故選B項。題型05例舉法通過一些例子說明生詞的詞義,用suchas,forexample,like,forinstance等來引出。在特定的情況下，作者通過一連串同一類型或范疇的詞語來表達其思想，如果有一生詞就在一系列同范疇的詞語中，可以通過這些詞的特征和語義范圍來推斷出生詞的詞義范圍。(陜西省西安市2024-2025學年高三上學期第四次月考英語試卷)Mariaisa10-year-oldelementaryschoolstudentwhocomeshomewithringinginherears—asignofhearingloss—afterattendingaprograminherschoolhall.Thereare“Marias”ineveryschoolintheUS.TwentypercentofAmericankidswillsufferpermanenthearinglossduetonoisebytheageofnineteen.Actuallynoise－induced(噪音誘發的)hearingloss(NIHL)isanepidemicintheUS.Nownationwidethereareaboutfiftymillionpeoplesufferingit.Eachofushasapproximately18,000tinyhaircellsinourinnerearsthattransmit(傳輸)soundviatheauditorynerve(聽覺神經)toourbrains.Whenexposedtodangerouslyloudsound,someofthesehaircellsbecomedamagedanddie.Thisisusuallypain-freeandoftenhappenssograduallythatwearenotawareofourhearingloss.Thenoneday,wewakeupandfindthatwehaveseverelyandpermanentlydamagedourabilitytohear............1．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Thereare‘Marias’ineveryschoolintheUS”？A．ManygirlsattendprogramsrunbyUSschools.B．Mariaisacommonlyusednameinthecountry.C．PermanenthearinglossiscommoninUSschools.D．PermanenthearinglossishardtoavoidinUSschools.【答案】1．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是噪音誘發的聽力損失在美國學生中的普遍現象及其嚴重性，強調預防措施的重要性以保護聽力。1．句意猜測題。根據第一段“TwentypercentofAmericankidswillsufferpermanenthearinglossduetonoisebytheageofnineteen.Actuallynoise-induced(噪音誘發的)hearingloss(NIHL)isanepidemicintheUS.Nownationwidethereareaboutfiftymillionpeoplesufferingit.(到19歲時，20%的美國兒童將因噪音而遭受永久性聽力損失。實際上，噪音引起的聽力損失（NIHL）在美國是一種流行病。現在全國大約有5000萬人患有此病)”可知，作者的意思是“聽力永久性受損在美國學校里很普遍”。故選C。題型06語境線索法根據綜合語境，通過一定的語言邏輯關系，加以推理判斷，從而理解生詞詞義。閱讀題文段題材豐富。涉及社會、科普、政治、文化、經濟、歷史、生活、風俗等多方面知識。解閱讀題時，也要根據英語國家社會文化背景等，作出正確的判斷。(2025屆浙江省紹興市諸暨市高三上學期一模考試英語試題)Glassisreferredtoasamaterialwhichcaninfinitelyberecycledwithoutitimpactingitsquality,purityordurability.Recycledglasscanbecrushedintoglasspieces,whichcanbemelteddownandusedtoproducemoreglass.Glassusedforpackaginghasahighrecyclingratecomparedtootherpackagingmaterials.InEurope,theaverageglassrecyclingrateis76%,comparedto41%forplasticpackagingand31%forwoodenpackaging.Whenglassisleftinthenaturalenvironment,itislesslikelytocausepollutionthanplastic.Unlikeplastics,whichbreakdownintomicroplasticsthatcangetintosoilsandwater,glassisnon-toxic.“Glassismainlymadeofsilica,whichisanaturalsubstance,”saysFranziskaTrautmann,theco-founderofGlassHalfFull,aNewOrleans-basedcompanythatrecyclesglassintosandthatcanbeusedforcoastalrestorationanddisasterrelief.Silica,alsoknownassilicadioxide,makesup59%oftheEarth’scrust.Sinceitisanaturalcompound,thereisnoconcernaboutenvironmentaldegradation...........29.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A.Damage. B.Conservation. C.Assessment. D.Transformation.【答案】29.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了玻璃的無限可回收性、對環境的影響及節能再利用的重要性。【29題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第二段中的““Glassismainlymadeofsilica,whichisanaturalsubstance,”saysFranziskaTrautmann,theco-founderofGlassHalfFull,aNewOrleans-basedcompanythatrecyclesglassintosandthatcanbeusedforcoastalrestorationanddisasterrelief.(“玻璃主要由二氧化硅制成，這是一種天然物質，”新奧爾良公司GlassHalfFull的聯合創始人FranziskaTrautmann說。該公司將玻璃回收成沙子，可用于海岸修復和救災。)”和“Sinceitisanaturalcompound,thereisnoconcernaboutenvironmentaldegradation.(由于它是一種天然化合物，因此無需擔心其會造成環境的degradation。)”可知，玻璃主要是由二氧化硅（一種天然物質）制成的，因此不用擔心破壞環境。degradation的意思是“破壞”。此處應該是指不用擔心環境受到損害，A.Damage損壞，破壞；B.Conservation保護；C.Assessment評估；D.Transformation轉型。故選A。題型07構詞法在英語中，有很多詞可以通過增加前綴和后綴的方式，構成新詞。乍看起來，這個詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構詞知識之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。中學英語常見的前綴和后綴有：super-超;過于 inter-互相;在…之間 micro-極微小的re-再,反復 sub-次于...,在…底下 co-共同post-(在…之)后 pre-(在…之)前 trans-超越；轉換under-在之…下；低于； anti-反；防(止) mis-不；非un/in/im/ir-dis-不；非;無 non-不；非 Sino-中國(人)的-able可被…的 -hood狀態；性質；時期 -ish如…的；有點兒…的-proof防…的；抗…的 -ship身份；資格；權力； -some引起…的;產生…的-wards向 -less不能…的；無…的(安徽省卓越聯盟2024-2025學年高三上學期11月期中考試英語試題)It’stoughenoughtobeawomantravelingalone,butonemomwasespeciallynervousabouttakingatripwithherone-year-old.Howwouldshemanageinastrangeplacewithoutherusualsupportnetwork?Whataboutthedangersofsolo(單獨的)travel?Theseweredefinitelyreasonableconcerns,butthismomfoundthatpeoplearesometimeskinderthanyouexpectthemtobe.Inavideoonsocialmedia,thewomanrecountedthemanystrangerswhohelpedherwhileshewastravelingalone.Keepingatoddlerentertainedduringalongtripcanbeachallenge,sothemomwasrelievedwhenothertravelersplayedwithherson.Oneelderlymanevenheldthelittleboyonhislapsothathecouldseeoutthewindow!Obviously,thebiggestconcernforawomantravelingaloneissafety.Luckily,thismomencounteredsomereallysweetpeoplewhowerehappytolookoutforherandherson.AnUberdriver,forexample,didn’twantthesetwotobestuckatthestationlateatnight,soheletthemstayinhiscaruntiltheirtrainarrived...........5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recounted”inparagraph2mean?A.Identified. B.Described. C.Impressed. D.Satisfied.【答案】5.B【解析】【導語】這篇文章是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一位獨自旅行的母親和她一歲孩子的經歷，來展示人們在旅途中的善良和幫助。【5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據第二段第三句話“Keepingatoddlerentertainedduringalongtripcanbeachallenge,sothemomwasrelievedwhenothertravelersplayedwithherson.(在長途旅行中讓一個小孩始終覺有趣是一個挑戰，所以當其他旅行者和兒子玩耍時，這位媽媽感到松了一口氣。)”以及第四句“Oneelderlymanevenheldthelittleboyonhislapsothathecouldseeoutthewindow!(甚至有位老人把小男孩抱到自己的腿上，這樣他就能透過窗戶看到外面了！)”可知，這都是這位媽媽在講述她受他人幫助的經歷。所以該詞的意思應指講述。故選B項。題型01對比法(2024年全國高考英語甲卷B篇節選).............Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!6.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.【答案】6.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了貓通過叫聲、嗅覺和帶回禮物來表達需求、評估環境和展示愛意。【6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第三段劃線詞前半句“Dogs

are

known

for

their

impressive

fetching

habit,

(狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取習慣而聞名)”和后句“Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.(許多貓會在外面隨意找到一些東西，并把它們帶給主人。)”可知，狗以取回東西而聞名，但貓可以從外邊找到東西帶回來，因此在這一行為上更上一層樓。短語take

...

up

a

notch是用來形容貓在帶回東西這一行為上做得更好或更出色。故選D。題型02因果法(2024年1月浙江省高考英語B篇節選)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall

—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas…2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore”youngprofessional”..............4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay. B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.【答案】4.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。隨著手機的普及，電話亭漸漸地被人們遺忘，作者家附近的最后一個電話亭被改造成了“迷你圖書館”，作者偶然發現那里有很多不錯的免費書籍，這讓作者覺得很棒。【4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第一段第五句“Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.(我當時在倫敦我那狹小的合租房子里為我的劇本進行試演。)”可知，此處是指使“我”的合租房看起來更“年輕專業”一點，所以it代指“合租房”。故選B。題型03常識聯想法(2021年6月新高考2卷B篇）IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon’tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I’vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn’tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey’dgetuptomischief.We’dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey’dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren’tthere.I’mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.【答案】5.A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey’d”（隨著它們的活動越來越多，我們白天讓它們在房子里自由活動，但當我們睡覺時，我們必須把它們關在一個大房間里，否則它們會）以及后文“We’dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey’dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.”（我們早上下樓時發現他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個動物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們在一個大房間里，否則它們就會調皮搗蛋，表現不好。早上下樓時發現他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個動物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現不好”。故選A。題型04例舉法(2024年新課標高考英語I卷C篇節選)...........Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks–likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage–toonesthatrequirementalabstraction–suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.............28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.【答案】28.D【導語】本文是議論文。主要討論了紙質閱讀與數字閱讀、音頻和視頻學習方式的差異和效果。28.詞句猜測題。根據前文“Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.(當閱讀幾百字或更多的文本時，在紙上學習通常比在屏幕上學習更成功。大量的研究證實了這一發現)”可知，在紙上學習更有成效，以及后文“whenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.(當實驗人員從提出簡單的任務(如識別閱讀文章的主旨)轉移到需要思維抽象的任務(如從文本中推斷)時)”推知，此處應是表達“當實驗者從簡單的任務轉向需要精神抽象的任務時，紙質閱讀的益處就變得顯而易見”之意，所以shinethrough應是“顯而易見”之意，和D項意思相近。故選D項。題型05語境線索法(2024年新課標高考英語II卷D篇節選)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow-severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse................12.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.【答案】12.C【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據文章第二段“suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.(這樣一本書可能會像驅動人工智能的計算機代碼一樣復雜，但值得慶幸的是，坎貝爾有20多年的專業經驗，可以將令人興奮的內容轉化為可理解的內容。她從商業人士的實際角度而不是學者的角度出發，撰寫了一本非常通俗易懂、內容豐富的指南，讀完后會讓你覺得自己幾乎和人工智能一樣聰明)”可知，坎貝爾撰寫的這本書是通俗易懂的，如果別人寫這本書的話可能就不是這樣了，推測劃線短語表示“如果是由能力較差的人寫的”。故選C項。A（2024·河北石家莊·一模）IoftenwakeuptomyalarmafterashortnightandstepoutofbedtoadayI’vefoughtthroughcountlesstimes.Irushmymorningroutineandruntomycar.Myradioswitchestomyfavoritesong,butIhavetolistentoanaudible(可聽的)bookforanassignmentduetomorrow.WhenIgettoschool,IstartwithSpanish,myhardestclass.Despitebeingaroundallyear,Ihavenocluewhat’sgoingon.IthenwalktomyEnglishclass,inwhichIwasstuckinthelanguagerules.Theassignmentstakemuchenergythatmyperfectionistnatureisunabletotakeoninschool,soIsavethemforlater,mostprobablylateatnight.Thisismyrealityasastudentwithdyslexia,alearningdisorderinreadingandspelling:assignmentsthattakethreetimesaslongasthey’remeantto,latenightsandearlymorningstoevenslightlykeepupwithmyclasses.IwastoldthatAdvancedPlacementU.S.Historywouldbemyhardestclass.Buthere,Iaminmyelement.Despitebeingthreeassignmentsbehind,I’mactivelyengaged.Yes,mypassionforhistoryheightensmyfocus,butmyteacher’swillingnesstoworkwithmeiswhatallowsmetoflyhigh.Teachersneedtoofferalternativestructuresthatmakelearningmoreaccessible.I’vehadteacherswhoteachlecture-basedclasseswherestudentsareexpectedtotakenotesandlisten.Asastudentwithdyslexia,thisdoesn’twork.Afixforthatisassimpleasprovidingalternativeresources:aslideshowstudentscangobacktoafterclass,orperhapsevenanactivitythatfurtherplayswiththeconcepts.Now,manyschoolsareshiftingtoapproachesthatmeettheneedsofallkids.However,advocacyworkcanstillbedonetosupportstudentswithdyslexia.Ifschoolsystemsarewillingtoprovidesupportandeducationbycreatinganaccessibleclassstructurefromthestart,studentswon’tbestuckintoacademictracksthatdon’tpushthemtotheirfullpotential.1．Whydoestheauthorhavetodohishomeworklateatnight?A．Heisassignedextrahomework. B．Hefailstomanagehissparetime.C．Heneedstimetodoitwellenough. D．Hedislikestasksrelatedtolanguages.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“inmyelement”inparagraph4mean?A．Burningthemidnightoil. B．BitingoffmorethanIcanchew.C．Feelinglikeafishinwater. D．Havingbutterfliesinmystomach.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoflecture-basedclasses?A．Satisfying. B．Inspiring. C．Rewarding. D．Demanding.4．Whatdoestheauthoradviseschoolstodoforstudents?A．Offerclasseswithalternatives. B．Askeducationalexpertstogivelectures.C．Advocateout-of-classactivities. D．Getteacherstrainedinspecialeducation.【答案】1．C2．C3．D4．A【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者作為一名有閱讀障礙的學生的日常生活和學習經歷，來展現自己所面臨的挑戰和困難，并表達了對教育方式和教師支持的需求和看法。1．細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Theassignmentstakemuchenergythatmyperfectionistnatureisunabletotakeoninschool,soIsavethemforlater,mostprobablylateatnight.(作業耗費了我太多精力，而我追求完美的性格又讓我無法在學校完成它們，所以我總是把它們留到以后，很可能就是深夜。)”可知，作者不得不深夜做家庭作業是因為作者追求完美，所以需要更多的時間來完成作業。故選C。2．詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞句上文“IwastoldthatAdvancedPlacementU.S.Historywouldbemyhardestclass.(我曾被告知，美國歷史高級課程將是我最難的一門課。)”可知，美國歷史高級課程是一門最難的課。而劃線單詞下文“Despitebeingthreeassignmentsbehind,I’mactivelyengaged.(盡管我已經落后了三項作業，但我仍然積極參與其中。)”則表明作者喜歡這門課程。由此可知，作者對這門課程感到自在和舒適，愿意參與其中。選項C“Feelinglikeafishinwater”的意思是“如魚得水，感到自在和舒適”，這個短語強調的是在某個環境或領域中感到自在和舒適，能夠充分發揮自己的能力。符合句意。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據文章第五段“I’vehadteacherswhoteachlecture-basedclasseswherestudentsareexpectedtotakenotesandlisten.Asastudentwithdyslexia,thisdoesn’twork.(我曾遇到過一些以講座為基礎的老師，他們期望學生記筆記并聽講。但作為一名閱讀障礙學生，這種方式行不通。)”可知，作者作為閱讀障礙的學生，覺得基于講座的課程對他來說并不適用，因為它可能要求很高的聽力和筆記能力，這是作者難以應對的。因此，可以推斷出作者認為基于講座的課程是要求高的。故選D。4．推理判斷題。根據文章第五段“Teachersneedtoofferalternativestructuresthatmakelearningmoreaccessible.(教師需要提供替代性的學習結構，使學習更加容易。)”以及最后一段“Now,manyschoolsareshiftingtoapproachesthatmeettheneedsofallkids.However,advocacyworkcanstillbedonetosupportstudentswithdyslexia.Ifschoolsystemsarewillingtoprovidesupportandeducationbycreatinganaccessibleclassstructurefromthestart,studentswon’tbestuckintoacademictracksthatdon’tpushthemtotheirfullpotential.(現在，許多學校正在轉向滿足所有孩子需求的教學方法。然而，仍然可以開展宣傳工作來支持閱讀障礙學生。如果學校系統愿意從一開始就創造一個容易接受的學習環境并提供教育支持，那么學生就不會被困在那些無法充分發揮他們潛力的學術軌道上。)”可知，作者認為學校應該提供滿足所有孩子需求的方法，可以提供替代性課程，從而滿足學生的需求。故選A。B（2024·浙江紹興·一模）Glassisreferredtoasamaterialwhichcaninfinitelyberecycledwithoutitimpactingitsquality,purityordurability.Recycledglasscanbecrushedintoglasspieces,whichcanbemelteddownandusedtoproducemoreglass.Glassusedforpackaginghasahighrecyclingratecomparedtootherpackagingmaterials.InEurope,theaverageglassrecyclingrateis76%,comparedto41%forplasticpackagingand31%forwoodenpackaging.Whenglassisleftinthenaturalenvironment,itislesslikelytocausepollutionthanplastic.Unlikeplastics,whichbreakdownintomicroplasticsthatcangetintosoilsandwater,glassisnon-toxic.“Glassismainlymadeofsilica,whichisanaturalsubstance,”saysFranziskaTrautmann,theco-founderofGlassHalfFull,aNewOrleans-basedcompanythatrecyclesglassintosandthatcanbeusedforcoastalrestorationanddisasterrelief.Silica,alsoknownassilicadioxide,makesup59%oftheEarth’scrust.Sinceitisanaturalcompound,thereisnoconcernaboutenvironmentaldegradation.However,glassrequireshigh