2025高考復(fù)習(xí)01閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測專

題目錄CONTENTS01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航02知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航03考點突破·考向探究04拓展提升·新題精練六大考向，真題研析+核心精講+命題預(yù)測緊扣新風(fēng)向，設(shè)題新語境，聚焦重難點01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航考點目標(biāo)要求年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計細(xì)節(jié)理解考查從文章中獲取具體信息的能力

2024新高考I卷21、22、23、24、25、30、32、33、34新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、30、34全國甲卷22、23、24、25、28、30、32浙江卷1月21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、32、33、34考點目標(biāo)要求年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計細(xì)節(jié)理解考查從文章中獲取具體信息的能力

2023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、33新高考II卷21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35全國甲卷21、22、23、26、27、28、30、32、34全國乙卷21、23、24、28、30浙江卷1月21、22、23、30、31、33、34考點目標(biāo)要求年份卷別考題統(tǒng)計細(xì)節(jié)理解考查從文章中獲取具體信息的能力

2022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、33新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34全國甲卷21、22、23、24、25、26、29、30、33、34、35全國乙卷21、22、23、24、26、32、33、34從近三年高考試題來看，細(xì)節(jié)理解題比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較為間接，需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右，考查通過閱讀文章獲取信息的能力。體裁以應(yīng)用文為主，說明文和記敘文為輔。文章要求考生在正確理解語篇主要細(xì)節(jié)，熟悉同義句表達(dá)的方法?？几哳l命題點：通常采用同義句轉(zhuǎn)換的形式改寫題干和選項，考生識別同義句表達(dá)是關(guān)鍵。預(yù)計在2025年高考細(xì)節(jié)理解題仍然占閱讀理解的主要部分。02知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航03考點突破·考向探究考點一考查直接信息理解題【典例】(2023·全國甲卷·閱讀理解A節(jié)選)Bo.tanBo.tanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.Servinghard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandlelitdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungrythere’salargesetmenu.2.Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A.Gaggan. B.Bo.tan. C.IssayaSiameseClub. D.Nahm.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Bo.tan下的段落中“Forthoseextremelyhungrythere’salargesetmenu.(對于那些極度饑餓的人來說，這里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo.tan提供大型套餐。故選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題指導(dǎo)1．解題步驟

在解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，考生可采取“關(guān)鍵詞定位法”，即“帶著問題找答案”。先從題干中提取關(guān)鍵詞(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的段落、語句，快速定位該題與哪一段、哪一句有關(guān)，然后仔細(xì)推敲，仔細(xì)比對所給選項與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，最后確定答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題指導(dǎo)2．選項特征(1)正確選項特征原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項同義替換對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換，如把loseone'sjob換成beoutofwork；有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換了詞性，如把important變換成了ofimportance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，如主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換信息歸納用精練的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題指導(dǎo)2．選項特征(2)干擾選項特征張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容無中生有符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容曲解文意與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反正誤參半部分正確，部分錯誤細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題指導(dǎo)3.可用的常識性判斷(1)出題順序和行文順序大體一致。(2)僅僅符合常識的不一定對，不符合常識的往往錯。(3)同義替換往往是答案，過于絕對往往是錯誤選項，文章主旨一般都會傳遞正能量。(4)留意文中but/however、感嘆號、問號、破折號、長難句等經(jīng)常設(shè)題處?？键c二考查間接信息理解題【典例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解C篇節(jié)選)Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.(

)28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.(這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué))”可知，這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B。間接信息題的核心是識別同義句表達(dá)。最常用的方法是：1.采用同義詞改寫選項或題干；2.用反義詞改寫選項或題干，采用正話反說的方式；3.采用相關(guān)句式改寫。

關(guān)鍵詞beaimedatThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Thegoalofthisbookbeaimedat=ThegoalofthisbooktomakethecasefordigitalminimalismAdvocatingv.提倡(advocate的現(xiàn)在分詞)；為…辯護(hù)Advocatingv.提倡；為…辯護(hù)=makethecasefor為…辯護(hù)；提出理由【題干定位】我是解題小能手【文章定位】【文章中的關(guān)鍵詞】【同義句表達(dá)手段】【內(nèi)容定位】【選項關(guān)鍵詞】【同義句表達(dá)手段】間接信息題解題指導(dǎo)間接信息題常出現(xiàn)在各種文體中，會涉及各個方面的內(nèi)容。解此類試題常用“同義表達(dá)”法。該類題的特點是試題題干或選項中的關(guān)鍵詞語通常使用同義詞或近義詞甚至反義詞來替換文中的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)信息,例如,使用conduct對文中的carryout進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,用finally對文中的eventual進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題關(guān)鍵信息題的核心關(guān)鍵是識別同義句表達(dá)。目前高考中直接讀出答案的細(xì)節(jié)理解題占的比重越來越少，很多情況下是對文章命題出處語句的不同程度的改寫，因此，要想準(zhǔn)確定位就要識別同義句表達(dá)。最常用的方法是：1.采用同義詞改寫選項或題干；2.用反義詞改寫選項或題干，采用正話反說的方式；3.采用相關(guān)句式改寫。改寫類別：1.改寫閱讀理解的題干。把題干中的關(guān)鍵詞通常采用同義詞的手段改寫為同義句，這時，我們要找到文章中的同義詞進(jìn)行定位。2.改寫閱讀理解中的選項。閱讀理解問題中的選項很大程度上不是文章定位中的原句，大多采用了同義句表達(dá)的形式。識別選項中與原文定位中的同義句是選出正確答案的關(guān)鍵。解題思路考點三考查數(shù)字計算題【典例】(2024年新高考I卷A篇節(jié)選)AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.We'llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.Bringapersonalwaterbottle,sunscreen,andlunch.Noexperiencenecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.Fulfills(滿足)communityservicerequirements.22.WhatistheloweragelimitforjoiningtheHabitatRestorationTeam?A.5. B.10. C.15. D.18.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)文章第三段“Volunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.(歡迎10歲及以上的志愿者)”可知，參加棲息地恢復(fù)小組的最低年齡限制是10歲。故選B項。數(shù)字計算題解題指導(dǎo)數(shù)字計算題一般會涉及時間、年齡、價錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡單計算。一般來說，計算量都比較小，容易計算。但是英語閱讀中的數(shù)字計算必須要找出計算背后所隱含的信息。這些“暗”信息會涉及對某個難句的理解，從這個角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。數(shù)字計算題的話題有：1.廣告類；2.故事類；3.科普知識類；4.史地自然類；5.文化教育類。設(shè)問方式以when，inwhichyear，howmany/much等疑問詞(組)開頭引出問題。解此類試題常用“整合推算”法。此類題要求考生對具體細(xì)節(jié)信息,尤其是年齡、時間、數(shù)量等數(shù)字信息進(jìn)行加工,但此類試題的重點不在于計算,而在于考查考生對具體信息的處理能力,故試題設(shè)置的計算一般比較簡單。一定要注意計算給出的隱含附加條件。04拓展提升·新題精練細(xì)節(jié)理解題重難點突破關(guān)鍵1：養(yǎng)成按圖索驥的解題流程習(xí)慣關(guān)鍵2：準(zhǔn)確識別同義句表達(dá)為了增加迷惑性，出題人有時會利用同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等對題干或正確答案進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語1.跟…有關(guān)berelatedto=beassociatedwith=belinkedto=beconnectedwith2.多種多樣avarietyof+n./varietiesof+n.=various+n.=allkindsof=allsortsof=diversitiesof3.提前inadvance,aheadoftime,aheadofschedule4.厭煩betired/sickof=beboredwith=befedupwith5.區(qū)分distinguish/tellAfromB6.親自personally,inperson7.只有only,nobody/nothingbut8.出版comeout,bepublished熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語9.尤其particularly,inparticular10.鍛煉exercise,workout11.謀生make/earnaliving12.代表represent,standfor,(be)onbehalfof13.結(jié)合combine,mixsth.up14.前進(jìn)advance,moveforward15.舒適comfortable,atease16.十年decade,tenyears17.兩周fortnight,twoweeks18.二十score,twenty19.十二dozen,twelve20.成人adult,grown-up21.刪除delete,cutout22.回答answer,replyto23.進(jìn)入enter,come/gointo24.雇用某人employ/hiresb,takesbon25.移走remove,takeaway26.吸收absorb,takein熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語27.與…一致agree/beconsistent/correspondwith28.缺席beabsentfrom,benotpresentat29.收割harvest,gather,getin30.抵制boycott,refusetoaccept,resist,reject31.與...相反/對立contradict,beoppositeto32.放棄abandon,goawayfrom,leave,giveup33.代替replace,taketheplaceof 34.背誦recite,learn…byheart35.害怕fear,beafraid/scaredof 36.退（學(xué)）quit,dropoutof(school)37.推遲delay,postpone,putoff 38.去拿來fetch,goandbringback39.相匹配match,gowith 40.精力充沛energetic,fullofenergy41.少數(shù)aminorityof,asmallnumberof 42.打擾causetroubleto,bother,disturb43.描述describe,giveadescriptionof 44.后來afterwards,afterthat,lateron熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語45.目前nowadays,atpresent,atthepresenttime 46.取消cancel,calloff47.宣布announce/declaresth48.逃跑escape,runaway49.擔(dān)心worryabout,beconcerned/anxiousabout 50.提到mention,referto,talkabout/of51.展覽onshow/display/exhibition 52.勇敢（去做）bebraveto,havecourageto53.違法的illegal,notlegal,againstthelaw54.滿足需要caterto/meet/satisfytheneed55.重力gravity,thepulloftheearth 56.算出calculate,figureout57.與…不同differfrom,varyfrom…to…58.高興起來cheerup,becomehappy59.亂七八糟inamess,indisorder 60.氣喘吁吁breathless,outofbreath61.做出決定determine,makeadecision 62.對……有害doharmto,beharmfulto熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語63.相似，相像resemble,belike,besimilarto 64.低語，耳語whisper,speakinalowvoice65.尋找，追求seek,look/search/huntfor 66.茫然，困惑ataloss,puzzled/confused67.取笑，逗弄tease,makefunof,laughat,amuse 68.提高，改善improve,make/becomebetter69.慶祝celebrate,holdacelebration 70.長胖puton/gainweight,growfat71.熟悉know…well,befamiliarwith 72.處理handle,settle,dealwith,copewith73.到處everywhere,hereandthere 74.加速accelerate,speedup,quicken75.保證，確保ensure,guarantee76.一年一次的annual,yearly,everyyear77.挨餓，餓死starve,diefromhunger 78.充當(dāng)；起……的作用actas,serveas79.榜樣model,example 80.怒視glareat,lookatsthangrily熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語81.平靜的calm,notexcited 82.抽象的abstract,notspecific83.積極的active,notpassive 84.殘酷地cruelly,withoutmercy,mercilessly85.復(fù)雜的complicated,notsimple,complex 86.人造的artificial,man-made87.故意地deliberately,onpurpose,purposely 88.獨自地alone,byoneself89.有危險indanger,atrisk 90.占...比例accountfor,makeup91.青少年adolescent,teenager 92.看醫(yī)生gotosee/consultadoctor93.更喜歡prefersth,likesthbetter 94.使生氣annoysb,makesbangry95.報道此事cover/reporttheevent 96.很多alot(of),agreatdeal(of)97.影響交通holdup/blocktraffic 98.澄清，闡明clarify,makesthclear熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語99.可得到的beavailable,beeasilygot 100.試驗tryout,test101.無論如何anyhow,inanyway 102.在……后面behind,atthebackof103.無論什么whatever,nomatterwhat 104.使某人高興cheersbup,makesbhappy105.得出結(jié)論conclude,drawaconclusion 106.聰明的clever,bright,wise,smart107.做報告giveapresentation/talk/speech 108.輟學(xué)，退學(xué)dropoutof/leaveschool109.出國goabroad,gotoaforeigncountry 110.控告accusesbofsth,chargesbwithsth111.置若罔聞turnadeafearto,refusetolistento 112.使能做某事enablesbtodo,makesbabletodo113.不理，忽視ignore,overlook,paynoattentionto114.受歡迎的bepopularwith,bewellreceived(by...)115.成功做某事managetodosth,succeedindoingsth熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語116.把...分開breaksthapart,split/divide/separatesth117.勸某人做advisesbtodo,trytopersuadesbtodo118.方式，方法way,solution,approach,method,means119.信任，信賴trust,believe,haveconfidence/faithin120.制訂計劃makeaplan,workoutaplan,drawupaplan121.開始存在appear,comeintobeing,comeintoexistence122.在農(nóng)村，城市inthecountryside/city,rural/urbanareas123.除……之外besides,aswellas,inadditionto,apartfrom124.用...替換replace…with,use…asanalternativeto…熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語125.情況良好in(a)goodcondition,inagoodstate/situation126.可進(jìn)入／接近的beaccessible,beeasytoenter/reach/use127.再一次again,oncemore,onceagain,overandoveragain128.對……全然不知beinthedarkabout,knownothingabout129.把某物分配給某人allocatesthtosb,dividesthamongsb130.認(rèn)為think/believethat,holdtheviewthat,argue/claimthat131.用完某物runoutofsth,lacksth,sthrunout,sthbeusedup132.防...止疾病protect…fromsickness,avoid/preventsickness133.值得，應(yīng)得deservesth,beworthyofsth,beworthdoingsth熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語134.反對beagainst,oppose,objectto,disagreewith,disapproveof135.老年人oldpeople,theold,seniorcitizens,theaged,theelderly136.勸某人不要做discouragesbfromdoing,persuadesbnottodo137.有機(jī)會使用／做haveaccesstosth,havethechanceofdoingsth138.充滿befullof,befilledwith,befloodedwith,becrowdedwith139.下降，減少decline,come/godown,drop,fall,decrease,reduce140.突然笑/哭起來burstintolaughter/tears,burstoutlaughing/crying141.告訴某人某事tellsbsth,informsbofsth,keepsbinformedofsth142.寧做A不做BdoAratherthan(doing)B,doAinsteadof(doing)B熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語143.對某人生氣getangrywithsb,getcrosswithsb,beannoyedwithsb144.全世界allover/aroundtheworld,worldwide,globally,internationally145.吸引某人interest/attract/drawsb,appealtosb,catchsb’seye/attention146.優(yōu)于，勝過havetheadvantageover,havetheedgeover,bebetterthan147.重要count,matter,beimportant,significant,vital,crucial/beofimportance148.致力于apply/bend/commit/devoteoneselfto,bebent/committed/devotedto149.旨在做aim/beaimedatdoing,bedesigned/intendedtodo,bemeanttodosth150.偶然地incidentally,accidentally,bychance/accident/coincidence,casually,occasionally151一…就…ondoing;immediately,directly,instantly;themoment,theminute,thesecond（2025·河北省承德市高三聯(lián)考）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnAugust18,2025theArtistProjectwillcelebrateits10thyearwithathree-dayartfairattheBetterLivingCentre,ExhibitionPlace,Toronto.Fromcollectorstodesigners,visitorscanexploreanddiscoverworksofartfrom250contemporaryartistsfromCanadaandabroad-allowinggueststheuniqueopportunitytocommunicateandbuyartdirectlyfromtheartistsandsupportthenextgenerationofCanadianartists.Highlights:·ArtChats:thispopularseminar(研討會)serieswillofferarangeoffascinatingtalkshostedbyleadingartexperts.·LiveArtistCompetition:ArtBattleCanadaandtheArtistProjecthaveteameduptobringa20-minuiteliveartistcompetition.Membersoftheaudiencewillvotefortheirfavouritepaintingandlaterbidinasilentauction(拍賣),sotheycanleavewithapiecetheylovetohangintheirhome.·EmergingArtistsCompetition:Devoledtosupportingthedevelopmentofstudents,newgraduates,andself-taughtartists,theArtistProjectwillgiverecognitionto20emergingartiststhroughthiscompetition,providingfreespaceandaplatformforthemtolaunchtheirartworkandmakeconnectionswithintheworldofcontemporaryart.PurposestatementWeaimtocreateanenvironmentthatfuelsenrichingconversationandofferyouamorepersonalexperiencewithart.Wearetheplacethatconnectsartloverswithartmakers,becausewebelievethathowweviewartisareflectionofourhumanexperience.TicketInformation:Adultadmission:$15Door,$14OnlineGroupadulttickets:(10+people)$10Each,onlineonlyYouthadmission:(13-17)$10Children12orunder:freeWebsite:www.theartistproject.com1．Whatcanvisitorsdoontheartfair?A．Votefortheirfavouriteartists. B．Enjoyartworksofancientartists.C．Competewiththeyoungartists. D．Purchaseartworksdirectlyfromartists.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第一段中“Fromcollectorstodesigners,visitorscan