大學(xué)英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷53（共9套）

（共215題）

大學(xué)英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第1套

一、詞匯理解（本題共70題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

There'saworldpapershortage.There'sanationalboule[Cl],andwe're

runningoutofrawmaterialsliketimberandtin-orsothepaperssay.Well,I'vejust

emptiedmyshoppingbasketaftermy[C2]shoppingtripanditwasfullof

thingsmadefromthese[C3]materials.HalfofwhatI'dboughtIthrewawayat

once;allthoseunnecessarypaperbags,plasticbags,fresh[C4]paperandold

newspaperstheyputthefoodinnowadays.Modernpackagingmakesshoppingcleaner

andmoreconvenient,butatwhat[C5]?Everytimeyouthrowawayapaper

bagyou'rethrowingawaypartofatree—andtreesdon'tgrow[C6]!Atthisrate

(heresoonwon'tbeanytreesleft,andthenwhatshallwedo?Perhapswe'lllearntodo

whatmymotherdid.Sheusedtokeepastoreofpaperbagsinakitchen[C7]

andusethemagainandagainforhershopping.Mostgoodsweresold[C8]

inthosedays.Andtheshopkeeperweighedouttheamountyouwanted.Of

course,liquidgoodshavealwaysbeen[C9]inbottlesorcans,butwhycan'twe

usethemmorethanonce?Ifwe[CIO]allourbottleswewouldsaveontheraw

materialsandenergyneededtomakenewones.It'stimewcstartedtothinkseriously

aboutthegrowingshortageofrawmaterialsintheworldtoday.AdrawerB.seldomC.

weeklyD.reusedE.costF.verifyG.overnightH.wrappingI.enclosedJ.looseK.sold

LshortageM.scarceN.partialO.ban

1、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞。結(jié)合上一句提到的papershortage和本句中說到的

runningoutofrawmaterials,可以推斷空白處應(yīng)為“缺乏”之義，故答案為shortage<>

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點(diǎn)露析：此處應(yīng)為形容詞。很多外國人通常每周購物一次，這個(gè)從本句中第二

個(gè)分句itwasfullofthings可見一斑，因此weekly最合適。值得注意的是，weekly

雖然以ly結(jié)尾，但它是形容詞而不是副詞。

3、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為形容詞。本句中的ihese一詞提示這些材料是上兩句中說到

的比較缺乏的物資，因此本題答案為scarce。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為形容詞。本句中unnecessary等詞及定語從句theyputthe

foodin提示了本句中列舉的都是包裝材料，因此本題答案為wrappingo

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞，作介詞at的賓語。從上下文的內(nèi)容可以推斷，cost一

詞最適合。atwhatcost意為“以什么代價(jià)

6、[C6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為副詞，作grow的狀語。根據(jù)上下文，該句應(yīng)指樹不會長得

很快，詞庫中只有overnight合適。don'tgrowovernight意為“不會一夜之間長成”。

7、[C7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞。根據(jù)前文keepastore為paperbags等內(nèi)容,可以推斷

該詞是指收藏紙袋的地方，所以draws是本題答案。

8、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為副詞或形容詞，作wcrcsold的狀語。根據(jù)下一句所述店家

可以按你要的量稱給你，可以推斷該句應(yīng)指商品的售賣模式，因此空白處最合適的

單詞是looseobesoldloose意為"零賣

9、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識點(diǎn)解析：由前面的havebeen可知此處應(yīng)為動詞的過去分詞形式。對比上文可

知，本句提到的是液體商品的包裝方法和銷售模式與上文提到的其他商品不同，因

此該詞應(yīng)表“包裝”或“銷售”之義，詞庫中只有sold最合適。

10、[C10]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：由主句謂語動詞wouldsave可知此處應(yīng)為動詞的過去式，充當(dāng)從句的

謂語。本句是一個(gè)虛擬語氣句，根據(jù)上文的usethemmorethanonce,可得出答案

為reusedo

二、長篇閱讀（本題共10題，每題L0分，共10分。）

EvergladesNationalParkA）WhcnmanypeoplethinkofFlorida,imagesofsandy

coastlinesorthemeparkridescometomind.ButaboutanhoursouthofMiamiliesa

naturalwildernessdifferentfromanywhereelseintheUnitedStates.EvergladesNational

Parkisthelargestsubtropicalwildernessinthecountry.Theparkishometoseveralrare

andendangeredspecies.Itisalsothethirdlargestnationalparkinthelowerforty-eight

states,afterDeathValleyandYellowstone.Morethanonemillionpeoplevisitthe

Evergladeseachyear.B）TheEvergladesisconsideredoneofthegreatbiological

wondersoftheworld.Theexpansivewetlandsstretchacrossmorethansixhundred

thousandheciares（公頃）.IlisaplacewhereplantsandanimalsfromtheCaribbeanSea

shareanecosystemwithnativeNorthAmericanspecies.Unlikemostothernational

parks,EvergladesNationalParkwascreatedtoprotectanecosystemfromdamage.The

Evergladesishometothirty-sixspeciesthatareconsideredthreatenedorprotected.They

includetheFloridapanther,theAmericancrocodileandtheWestIndianmanatee.In

addition,morethanthreehundredfiftybirdspeciesandthreehundredspeciesoffresh

andsaltwaterfishlivewithinthepark.TheEvergladesisalsohometofortyspeciesof

mammals（哺乳動物）andfiftyreptile（爬行動物）species.C）Exoticplantscanalsobe

foundintheEverglades.Theyincludewhatissaidtobethelargestgrowthofmangrove

treesinthewesternhalfoftheworld.Gumbo-limbotrees,knownfortheirpeelingred

skin,stranglerfigsandroyalpalmsarealsoamongthearea'splantlife.TheEvergladesis

alsohometothecountry'slargestlivingmahoganytree.Sawgrassgrowsinsomeareasof

thepark.Becareful—itisverysharp,withteethjustlikeasaw.Itcangrowuptofour

meterstall.Withaboutoneandone-halfmetersofrainfalleachyear,plantsandtrees

neverstopgrowingintheEverglades.D）Thedry,winterseasonisthefavoriteofmost

visitors,wheninsectslikemosquitoesarelessofaproblem.Therainyseasonlastsfrom

JunetoNovember.TherearemanywaystoexploretheEverglades.Visitorscouldsee

AmericancrocodileswhilehikingtheAnhingaTrail.TheEvergladesistheonlyplaceon

Earthwherefreshwatercrocodilesandsaltwatercrocodilesliveinthesamearea.Visitors

usingcanoesorairboatsarclikelytoseelargegroupsofwadingbirdslikethewoodstork

orgreatblueheron.ItisevenpossibletoseeflamingosintheEverglades.Thisspring,

EvergladesNationalParklaunchedavisitationprogramtowhatwasonceahighly

restrictedmilitarybase.Parkofficialsareworkingtorecoveramissilebaseusedinthe

1960s.ThebaseplayedaPartInthenucleartensionsbetweentheUnitedStatesandthe

SovietUnion.E）ThegovernmentbuilttheFloridabaseshortlyafterthediscoveryof

Sovietmissilesaboutthreehundredkilometersaway,ontheislandofCuba.Tensions

werehighduringtheCubanmissilecrisis.ButmissilesstoredattheAmericanbasewere

neverfired.Thebasewasclosedandallmissileequipmentwasremovedinthe1970s.

Todayonlythebuildingsremain.Thisyear,thehistoricareahadmanyvisitors,including

formerAmericanservicememberswhorememberthemissilecrisis.Theparkhopesto

offermoretripsnextspring,tohelpsupportthehistoryforthosewholivedthroughitand

forfuturegenerations.F)ExpcrtssaychangestotheEvergladesarcthreateningseveral

differentkindsofwildlife.TheysaythethreatsarearesultofactionstheUnitedStates

governmentbeganmorethanfiftyyearsago,andsettlersbeganevenearlier.The

NationalParkServicesaysearlycolonialsettlersandlanddevelopersthoughtthe

Evergladeshadlittlevalue.Thesettlershadplanstoremovewaterfromtheareaandin

the1880sdevelopersbegandiggingdraincanals.Atthetime,theydidnotunderstandthe

complexityoftheEverglades'ecosystem.Asaresult,theywerenotpreparedforallthe

workandcausedenvironmentalproblems.Theecosystem,however,wasabletosurvive.

G)Evenlargereffortstodrainthewetlandscontinuedbetween1905and1910.Large

areaswerechangedtofannland.Thisledtoincreaseddevelopment,withmorepeople

movingtotheEvergladesandalsomorevisitors.Morechangescamein1948,when

CongressapprovedtheCentralandSouthFloridaProject.Aspartoftheplan,theArmy

CorpsofEngineersbuiltroads,canalsandwater-controlsystemsthroughoutSouth

Florida.Theaimoftheprojectwastoprovidewaterandfloodprotectionfordeveloped

areasandagriculture.Workersbuiltahugesystemofwaterwaysandpumpingstationsto

controltheoverflowofLakeOkeechobee,northoftheEverglades.Today,fiftypercent

ofsouthFlorida'searlywetlandareasnolongerexistPopulationsofwadingbirdshave

beenreducedbyninetypercentWholepopulationsofanimalsareindangerof

disappearing.Theendangeredcreaturesincludethemanatee,theMiamiblackheadsnake,

thewoodstorkandtheFloridapanther.II)Inrecentyears,environmentalexpertshave

learnedaboutthedamagetotheEverglades.Theysaythenaturalbalanceofplantsand

animalshasbeendestroyed.Recently,theObamaadministrationpromisedthreehundred

sixtymilliondollarstopayforEvergladesrestorationthisyear.Theadministrationis

alsoaskingthatCongressapproveanadditionaltwohundredseventy-eightmillion

dollarsfornextyear.Themoneywillhelptosupportprojectsapprovedbythe

governmentnineyearsago.TheprojectsincludeimprovingwetlandsinthePicayune

StrandinSouthwestFloridaandrepairstoLakeOkeechobee'sdam.Untilnow,thestate

ofFloridahasspentthemostmoneyontheproject.I)Anotherthreatbiologistshavebeen

battlingforyearsintheEvergladesisthearea'spopulationofBurmesepythons(large

snakes).Officialsbelievetherearcasmanyasonehundredfiftythousandoftheselarge

snakesintheEverglades.Butthesnakesareaforeignspecies,nativetoSoutheastAsia

OwnersofpythonslefttheirunwantedsnakesintheEvergladesyearsago.Biologistssay

adultpythonsareabletoeatsmalldeerandbobcats.Whenpythonsarefoundinthe

Everglades,theyareoftenkilled.Scientistsarenowexperimentingwithotherwaysto

removethesnakes,includingtrappingmethodsandofferingpaymentstohunters.The

futureoftheEvergladesisnotclear.However,effortstoprotecttheareaarecontinuing

sothatpeoplefromallovertheworldmaycontinuevisitingthisbiologicaltreasure.

11EffortstoprotecttheareawouldbecontinuedthoughthefutureofEvergladesisstill

unknown.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目信息詞TheWureoflheEverglades可定位到I段，該段產(chǎn)數(shù)

第2句的isnotclear對應(yīng)題目的isstillunknown,接著最后一句用however表示轉(zhuǎn)

折，這與題目though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句語義相同。

12、Inordertoprovidewaterandfloodprotectionfordevelopedareasandagriculture,

theCongressapprovedtheCentralandSouthFloridaPioject.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞theCentralandSouthFloridaProject,可直接定位到G

段，該段第4句指出國會通過了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，第6句的Theaimof…was則表明該項(xiàng)

目的目的：為了給開發(fā)的地區(qū)和農(nóng)業(yè)提供水利和防洪，結(jié)合這兩句為題目意思，故

選G。

13^TheSovietUnionplacedmissilesontheislandofCubaduringtheCubanmissile

crisis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的Cubanmissilecrisis等詞定位到E段。該段第1句提

到，美國政府在古巴島上發(fā)現(xiàn)了蘇聯(lián)的導(dǎo)彈，這意味著蘇聯(lián)將導(dǎo)彈部署到了古巴島

上，因此，E段為本題出處。

14、WithanecosystemofplantsandanimalsbothfromCaribbeanSeaandNorth

American,EvergladesNationalParkaimsatprotectinganecosystemfromdamage.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B-J^

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的CaribbeanSea,NorthAmerican可定位到B段。該段第

3句講到，這里來自加勒比海的動植物與北美本土的物種共享一個(gè)生態(tài)，題目

With...American與此意思一一致；題目的aimsat…第4句與原文wascreated

to…的語義一致。

15、ThereareonlytenpercentofwadingbirdsstillexistingintheEverglades.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章在D段和G段都有提到wadingbirds,其中G段倒數(shù)第3句表明

涉水鳥的數(shù)量已經(jīng)減少了90%,這與題目中的現(xiàn)存的涉水鳥只有10%內(nèi)容相同，

因此，G段為本題出處c

16、TheBurmesepythonsareasnakespeciesthatoriginatedfromSoutheastAsia.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干中的Burmesepythons等詞定位到I段，該段第3句中的

nativelo意為“來自于...”，題目中的originatedfrom與此同義，故選I。

17、MostpeopleprefertovisittheEvergladesinwinter.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D-

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中表示季節(jié)的winter定位到D段。該段首句的winterseason

isthefavoriie表明冬天去Everglades的人最多，很明顯，D為本題答案。

18、TheecosystemoftheEvergladeswasfirstthreatenedbyactionsofcolonialsettlers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的ecosystem,threat及settlers可定位到F段。該段第2

句提到美國政府和早期移民的活動都對theEverglades的生態(tài)造成了威脅，其中移

民的活動所造成的威脅比美國政府來得更早。題目中的wasfirstthreatenedby與這

里的說法一致。

19、LocatedinthesouthofMiami,EvergladesNationalParkisthelargestsubtropical

wildnessintheUS.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題R關(guān)鍵詞largestsubtropicalwildness定位到A段。該段第2句

表明其距離邁阿密南部有一小時(shí)車程，與題目的locatcdin…語義相同，A段第3

句的內(nèi)容與題目主干一致，故選A。

20>VisitorstotheEvergladesneedtomindthesawgrassbecauseitmaycutthem.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干中的sawgrass可定位到C段，該段倒數(shù)第3句中的sharp和

saw等詞表明saw-grass像鋸齒一樣鋒利，游客應(yīng)小心以防被劃傷，故本題選C。

三、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。）

Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideology（意識形態(tài)）thatbiologyis

destiny（命運(yùn)）.Accordingtotheideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferences

existbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparaterolein

sociallife.Womenaretheweakersex-bothphysicallyandemotionally.Thus,theyare

naturallysuitedmuchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.A

woman'splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthe

home.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycare-takerroles,suchaswifeandmother

andhomemaker.Ontheotherhandmenarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitive

worldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menarcto

betheproviders;womenandchildrenare"dependents1'.Theideaalsoholdsthatwomen

whowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinline

withthespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriatefbrwomen,notmen,tobe

employedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,and

clerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen'sdomesticrole.

Informaldistinctionsbetween"women'swork"and"men'swork"inthelaborforce,

accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferences

betweenthesexes.Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillin

anothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmust

regularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetheralhomeorinthelaborforce,makethe

mostoftheirphysicalappearance.Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethat

basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplay

sex-definedrolesinsociallife.Thereismuchevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietyto

society,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.Buttothedegree

peopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenand

womentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotally

acceptable.

21、"Biologyisdestiny"inthefirstsentencemeansthat.

A、biologicaldifferencesdeterminesexroles

B、one'ssexisdeterminedbeforehis/herbirth

C^humancannotcontroltheirownfate

D、humanbeingscan'tchangetheirsex

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第1句可知，這個(gè)說法應(yīng)與本句開頭的sexprejudices相關(guān)，另

外，第2、3句是對“biologyisdestiny”這種意識形態(tài)的解釋，對比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有

選項(xiàng)A是與“性別偏見”有關(guān)的，因此是正確答案。

22、Jobssuchasnursingandteachingarcconsideredsuitabletorwomenbecause.

A、womenarephysicallyandemotionallyweaker

B、menarenotsuitedforsuchjobs

C>suchjobsgrowoutoftheirpositioninthehome

D、distinctionsaremadebetween"women'swork"and"men'swork”

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第2段第3句，可知選項(xiàng)C是本句說法的近義替換。本題最具

干擾性的是選項(xiàng)A,該選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在第1段。用于解釋為何女性更適合承擔(dān)家庭內(nèi)的

責(zé)任，因此，它并不是針對本題的直接原因，故不能選。

23、Theauthormostprobablybelievesroledifferencesexistbecause.

A、therearebiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexes

B、menandwomencanmakedifferentcontributionstosociety

C、menandwomenmustsurviveincooperation

D、menandwomenacquirethemfromtheircultures

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第3段結(jié)尾句可以推斷出答案。選項(xiàng)A并非是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選

項(xiàng)B顛倒了因果關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C雖然是事實(shí)但并非此問題的原因。

24、Whichofthefollowingcansumupthemainideaofthewholepassage?

A、isBiologyDestiny?

B、AnImportantIdeology.

C>DifferencesbetweentheSexes.

D、SexRoles.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：通讀全文可知.本文討論了男女兩種性別的不同社會角色。本題最具

干擾性的是選項(xiàng)A,事實(shí)上，作者并沒有對“biologyisdestiny（生理決定命運(yùn)）”這一

觀點(diǎn)提出質(zhì)疑，只是客觀地陳述這一觀點(diǎn)，故選項(xiàng)A不對。選項(xiàng)B不夠準(zhǔn)確，意

義太模糊，選項(xiàng)C只是本文討論的一部分。

25、Theauthorlooksatsex-definedroleswith.

A、enthusiasticapproval

B、partialacceptance

C、strongdisagreement

D^bittercriticism

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第3段倒數(shù)第2句是一個(gè)以It引導(dǎo)的主語從句，雖然這句話表明

sex-definedroles這種觀點(diǎn)不正確.但最后一段卻表明作者在某種程度上接受這種

說法，對照這兩方面的態(tài)度，可見作者對sex-defincdroles既不完全贊成，也不完

全反對，由此可推斷B為正確選項(xiàng)。

Sixyearsago,aMiamiwomanwalkingthroughthehallofanofficebuildingcasually

noticedtwomenstandingtogelhei.Severalminutesafteiherleaving,themenmuidcicd

apersonworkinginthebuilding.Policeinvestigatorsdeterminedthatthewomanwasthe

onlywitnesswhohadseenthetwosuspects,andcouldpossiblydescribethem.Inan

interviewwithpolice,hermemoryofthemenproveddisappointinglyunclear.Several

dayslater,psychologistRonaldP.Fisherwasbroughtintoobtainamorecomplete

accountfromthewoman.Fisher'sinterviewproducedabreakthrough（突破）一thewoman

reportedaclearpictureofoneofthesuspects.Shethenrecalledseveraldetailsabouthis

appearances.Thisinformationgavepoliceimportantleadsthatenabledthemtoarrestthe

suspectsandclosethecase.PoliceinvestigatorssoughtthehelpfromFisherbecauseof

hisrichknowledgeinconductingtheso-calledcognitive（認(rèn)知的）interview,akindof

memory-rebuildingprocess.Initsoriginalform,thecognitiveinterviewfocuseson

guidingwitnessesthroughfourgeneralrecallingtechniques:thinkingaboutphysical

surroundingsandpersonalfeelingsthatexistedatthetimeofpastevents,reporting

everythingthatconiestomindaboutthoseeventsnomatterhowbrokenorunconnected,

retellingeventsinavarietyoftimeorders,beginningtoend,endtobeginning,forwardor

backward,andadoptingdifferentperspectiveswhilerecallingevents.Usually,an

interviewerbeginsthecognitiveapproachbyencouragingthewitnesstotakeanactive

roleinrecallinginformationratherthangivinganswersonlytosomeoneelse'squestions.

Thewitnessfirstdescribeswhathappenedinhisorherownwords,withnointerviev/er

interruptions.Theinterviewerthengoesfurtherwithspecifictechniques,suchashaving

thewitnesstellthedetailsofwhathappenedfromdifferentperspectives.Experiments

withpolicedetectivestrainedinthisdemandinginterviewmethodfindthattheyget

nearly50%moreinformationfromwitnessesthanbeforetraining,whileerrorrates

remainaboutthesame.

26、Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A、Togiveanaccountofamurdercaseinanoffice.

B、ToexplainwhyFisherwasinvitedtoapoliceinterview.

C、Todescribehowcognitivemethodhelpsthewomantorecall.

D、Togivethereadersanideaofcognitiveinterview.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：全文的關(guān)健詞thecognitiveinterview（theinterview）雖然并未在文章一

開頭就出現(xiàn)，但在以后的段落中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，因此選項(xiàng)D能概括本文主題。選項(xiàng)A

是第1段涉及的內(nèi)容，只是本文的引子；選項(xiàng)B是第2段所涉及的內(nèi)容；選項(xiàng)C

是作者為了介紹cognitiveinterview而使用的例子，并非全文的目的。

27、Thecognitiveinterviewhelpedthewomantorecallmoreby.

A^strengtheninghermemory

B、givingherencouragement

C、rebuildinghermemory

D、givinghermoretime

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第3段第1句逗號后的結(jié)構(gòu)可推斷出答案。選項(xiàng)B在倒數(shù)第2段

第1句提及，但“鼓勵(lì)”只是認(rèn)知訪談的第一個(gè)步驟，所以不符合題意。選項(xiàng)A和D

文章沒有提及。

28、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinacognitiveinterview,theinterviewer

mainlyplaysa.

A^directing

B、questioning

C、passive

D^secondary

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：從第3段第1句提到的conducting和第2句中的guiding兩個(gè)詞看

來，可知認(rèn)知訪談中訪問者主要是引導(dǎo)受訪者，也就是選項(xiàng)A。倒數(shù)第2段第1句

raiherlhan后的分句已說明受訪者不只是回答問題，所以可以推斷選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。文

中雖有提及受訪者要playanactiverole,但并不等于說訪問者是被動或次要角色，

故選項(xiàng)C和D不對。

29、Whatisthekeypointofthecognitiveinterview?

A、Theinterviewershouldinterruptthewitnessfromtimetotime.

B、Thewitnessisencouragedtotakeanactiveroleinrecallinginformation.

C、Theinterviewshouldtakeplaceoutsidethepolicestation.

D^Thewitnessshouldrecalldetailsatthesceneoftheevent.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：文章第4段第1句明確指出了答案，選項(xiàng)A與該段第2句相悖，選

項(xiàng)C和D在文中并未提及。

30、Policetrainedinthecognitiveinterviewmethodcan.

A、getmoreinformationfromthewitnessthanbefore

B、decreasetheerrorrate

C^solvethecasesmorequickly

D、usethemethodmoreskillfullythanthepsychologists

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：本題考查復(fù)合句的理解。最后一段是一個(gè)賓語從句，該賓語從句表明

選項(xiàng)A正確，而包含在賓語從句中的并列分句（由while連接）可證明選項(xiàng)B的信息

都不準(zhǔn)確。選項(xiàng)C和D在文中都沒有相關(guān)信息。

大學(xué)英語四級改革適用(閱讀)模擬試

卷第2套

一、長篇閱讀(本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。)

GettingThin-forGoodA)Justabouteveryonehasbeenonadietatonetimeoranother,

andmillionsofushavelearnedthattheweightweloseisalltooeasilyregained.Stillfew

peoplequestionthewisdomofdieting.Afterall,wereason,theworstthatcanhappenis

thatwellregaintheweightwc'vclost—thenwccansimplygoonadietagain.B)But

somenewresearchsuggeststhereisarisk:yo-yodietingmayseriouslydistortthebody's

weight-controlsystem.Themoredietsyougoon,theharderitmaybecometolose

weight.Evenworse,newevidenceindicatesthatrepeatedcyclesoflosingandgaining

weightmayraisetheriskofheartproblems.C)Thislastpossibilityisespecially

disturbing.Aspartofa25-yearstudythatmonitored1,959men,researchersatthe

UniversityofTexasSchoolofPublicHealthinHoustonreportedinMarch1987thatthe

menshowinglargeup-and-downweightchangeshadtwicetheriskofheartdiseaseas

thosewithonlysmallchangesinweight.OnepaperfromtheFramingham(Mass.)Hcait

Study,whichhasmonitoredmorethan5,000peoplefor40years,alsoprovidestroubling

information:peoplewholosttenpercentoftheirbodyweighthadabout20percent

reductioninriskofheartdisease-butpeoplewhogained10percentraisedtheriskby30

percent.Thesenumbersfurthersuggestthatgoingfrom150to135pounds,andbackto

150again,couldleaveyouwithahigherheart-diseaseriskthanyoustartedwith.

D)Whcnyoucutcaloricsandloseweight,yourbodywillprotectitselfbyreducingyour

basalmetabolicrate(BMR).Thisisthemeasureoftheenergyusedforroutinefunctions

suchasbreathingandcellrepair—roughly60to75percentoftheenergyconsumedby

thebody.Duringseveredieting,yourBMRdropswithin24hoursandcandeclineafull

20percentwithintwoweeks.Thismetabolicdeclineisonereasondietersoftenreacha

steadyunchangingperiod,andfindthatthesamecaloricintakewhichmeltedpounds

earliernowproducesnoweightloss.E)Thebodyadaptstodietinginotherways.The

enzymelipoproteinlipase(脂肪酶),achemicalinthebody,whichcontrolshowmuchfat

isstoredinfatcell,maybecomemoreactiveinsomeoverweightpeopleaftertheyhave

lostweight.Thatwouldmakethebodymoreefficientalfatstorage-exactlywhatthe

dieterdoesn'twant.Andthischange,likethedropinBMR,maybepartofthereason

dietersfrequentlyregaintheirlostweight.F)Myinterestintheyo-yoproblembeganin

1982,whenmycolleaguesThomasWaddenandAlbenStunkardandIwere

experimentingwithvery-low-caloriediets-800caloriesorfewerperday.Wehopedthat

patientsinourcliniccouldloselargeamountsofweightrapidly,thenkeeptheweight

losswithabehavior-modificationprogram.G)Wefound,however,thatsomepeoplelost

weightrapidly,someslowly;somelostforawhileandthenstoppedlosing.Onewoman,

Marie,begantheprogramat230pounds,reducedto192pounds,andthen"hitawall",

eventhoughshestayedonherdietandwalkedtwomilesaday.Marie,likemanyothers

inourprogram,hadbeenayo-yodieter,andtheytendedtohavethemostdifficultyin

losingweight.H)Toseeifsuchdietingcouldreallychangethebodythisway,other

researchersandIbegantostudyweightchangesinanimals.Wefedagroupofratsa

high-fatdietuntiltheybecameobese.Thenwechangedtheirdietsrepeatedlytomake

themloseweight,regain,loseagainandregainagain.I)Theresultsweresurprising.The

firsttimetheratslostweight,ittook21daysfbrthemtogofromobesetonormalweight.

Ontheirseconddiet,ittook46days,eventhoughtheratsconsumedexactlyasmany

calories.J)Witheachyo-yo,itbecameeasierfortheratstoregain.Afterthefirstdiet,

theytook46daystobecomeobeseagain;aftertheseconddiet,theytookonly14days.In

otherwordsonthesecondyo-yocycle,ittookmorethantwiceaslongtoloseweight,

andonlyone-thirdaslongtoregainit.K)Surprised,ourgroupcontactedHarvardsurgeon

GeorgeBlackburn,apioneerintheuseolvery-low-caloriediets.Blackburnandhis

colleaguesreviewedtherecordsof140dieterswhohadbeenthroughtheirweight-control

clinic,hadlostweightandregainedit-andhadreturnedforasecondtry.Therecords

showedthedietershadlostanaverageof2.3poundsaweekthefirsttime,butonly1.3

poundsaweekthesecondtime.L)FouryearsagowebegantheWeightCyclingProject,

amajorstudythatincludessomeofthecountry1sleadingobesityresearchers.Wcknow

thatpeoplewholoseweightbydietingonlyandwithoutanexerciseprogramcanlosea

considerableamountofmuscle.Buithen,iftheygainweightback,theymayregainless

muscleandmorefat.Whilethereasonisn'tclear,itmaybeeasierforthebodytopulfat

onthantorebuildlostmuscle.We'reaskingifyo-yodietersmaylosefatfromonepartof

thebodyandregainitelsewhere.Forinstance,accordingtoourpreparatorystudiesin

animals,theycouldmovefattotheabdomen.Andresearchshowsthatabdominalfai

raisestheriskofheartdiseaseanddiabetesmorethanfataroundthehipsandthighsdoes.

M)Noncofthismeansthatdietingisineffectiveorfoolish.Forthosewhoarc20percent

ormoreoverweight,therearegoodreasonstoreduce:successfulweightlosscanlower

bloodpressureandcholesterol,helpcontrolbloodsugarindiabeticsandenablepeopleto

feelbetteraboutthemselves.Butthenewresearchdoessuggestthatdietingmustbe

takenseriouslybypeopleatanyweight.N)Italsomeansthatdietingaloneisnotthebest

waytoweightcontrol.Whenaweight-lossprogramincludesexercise,youlosemorefat

andlessmuscle,andyou'renotlikelytogaintheweightback.Thatrsbecauseexercise

mayhelpresistthephysiologicalchangesthattendtocomefromyo-yodieting.O)Given

thepotentialrisksofyo-yodieting,anyonewhodietsshouldbeespeciallycarefulnotto

gaintheweightback.Beforeyoudiet,askyourselfhov/determinedyouare;thenset

reasonablegoals.P)Permanentweightlossshouldbethemaingoal,soselectaprogram

thatwillhelpyouchangeyourlife-style.Becarefulofpopulardietprogramsdesigned

forrapidweightlossandfilledwithsenselesstricks,suchasgoingonandoffadiet,

eating"magic"foodsandsoon.Aprogramshouldfocusonsensiblechangesinnutrition

andlife-style.Thebest