Unit2

CultureandCommunicationWhatisCultureOriginofthewordculture

(文化）TheEnglishwordcultureoriginatesfromtheLatincultura,withitsmeaning“tocultivate”.

文化：經(jīng)由文字、文學(xué)、禮樂、制度、律法等對人類的教化與培養(yǎng)WhatisCultureDefinitionsofcultureIn1952,AlfredKroeberandClydeKluckhohncompiledalistofmorethan164definitionsof“culture”inCulture:ACriticalReviewofConceptsandDefinitions.WhatisCultureCultureislike……thementalprogramming,“softwareofthemind”,Windows,IOSthewaterfishswimintheonionwithdifferentlayersofdepth,rangingfrominnercoretothesurfacetheicebergTheonionmodelhttp://www.culturewise.ie/news_and_events/blog.php?month=5&height=550&width=800Theicebergmodel.au/for_teachers/curriculum_resources/history_cr/asiascopeseqhistorycr/secondary_units_of_work_sose/unit_9_voicesvisions/voicesvisions_blm2.htmlWhatisCultureMaterial

componentsofaculture:tangibleobjectsandphysicalsubstancesthathavebeenalteredbyhumanintervention(e.g.architecture,icons,personalpossessions)Material

componentsofculture:

reflectionsofaculture’svalueWhatisCultureNonmaterialaspectsofaculture:Beliefs:conceptionsofwhatistrue,factual,orvalid;rootedinfaith,experience,orscienceValues:sharedviewsofwhatisgood,right,worthwhile,orimportantNorms:informalrulesthatguidehowmembersofacultureact,aswellashowtheythinkandfeelLanguage:shapinghowwethinkabouttheworldWhatisCultureCulturecanbedefinedas“ahistoricallytransmittedsystemofsymbols,meanings,andnorms”.(Collier&Thomas,1988)WhatisCultureCulturecanbedefinedasthecoherent,learned,sharedviewsofagroupofpeopleaboutlife’sconcernsthatrankswhatisimportant,furnishesattitudesaboutwhatthingsareappropriate,anddictatesbehavior.(I.Varner&LindaBeamer,2008)CharacteristicsofcultureCultureiscoherentCultureislearnedCultureissharedCultureisdynamic：CultureevolvesandchangesovertimeCharacteristicsofcultureCultureisdynamic：CultureevolvesandchangesovertimeInnovation:newpractices,tools,orconceptsDiffusion:theborrowingbyoneculturefromanotherCulturalcalamity:adversitysuchaswarornaturaldisastersthatbringaboutchangeCommunicationimpelssignificantchangesinculturallifeAcultureasaparticularwaytosatisfyhumanneedsFivebasicneedsofhumanbeingsThephysiologicalneedsThesafetyneedsThebelongingnessneedsTheesteemneedsTheself-actualizationneedsWhatisCommunicationOrigin:Latinword“commonis”(meaningcommon)TranslationinChinese:

交際（fromthelinguistic

perspective）

溝通（fromthepsychological

perspective）

傳播

（inmassmedia)Communicationandculture:CultureisreflectedinCommunicationpracticesCommunicationpracticesshapeculturallife“Communicationisculture”ElementsofCommunicationContextPhysicalsettingHistoricalPsychologicalCulture&subculturesElementsofCommunicationParticipants:senderandreceiverVariables:relationship,gender,cultureMessagesMeaningsSymbolsEncodingDecodingElementsofCommunicationChannels:routesandmeansoftransportationSound(verbalsymbols)Sight(nonverbalcues)Themorechannelsusedtocarryamessage,themorelikelythecommunicationwillsucceed.ElementsofCommunicationNoiseExternalNoiseInternalNoiseSemanticNoiseNoisecanfunctionasacommunicationbarrier.FeedbackFeedback,verbalornonverbal,allowsustobehaveinwaysthatincreaseourunderstandingofourmessagesAmodelofCommunicationCharacteristicsofCommunicationCommunicationisadynamicprocessCommunicationissymbolicCommunicationissystemicCommunicationinvolvesmakinginferencesCommunicationhasaconsequenceCommunicationiscomplexCaseStudyThreekindsofmeaningsinvolved:utterancemeaningthespeaker’smeaningthehearer’smeaning1、字體安裝與設(shè)置如果您對PPT模板中的字體風格不滿意，可進行批量替換，一次性更改各頁面字體。在“開始”選項卡中，點擊“替換”按鈕右側(cè)箭頭，選擇“替換字體”。（如下圖）在圖“替換”下拉列表中選擇要更改字體。（