強(qiáng)化練(十)書評與小說節(jié)選2025高考英語大二輪專題強(qiáng)化練專題一四選一閱讀強(qiáng)化練(十)書評與小說節(jié)選考情速遞：書評是近幾年高考出現(xiàn)的新形式，如2023年新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀C篇和2020年新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀C篇都以書評為載體，而同為教育部考試中心命題的2022年浙江1月卷閱讀B篇和2022年全國乙卷閱讀B篇也都出現(xiàn)了書評。所以對這種類型的語篇進(jìn)行適當(dāng)練習(xí)是十分必要的，同時(shí)考生在備考時(shí)也要關(guān)注小說節(jié)選。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·南京六校聯(lián)合調(diào)研)Formostpeople，moneystillmeansphysicalcashprintedbyasole(唯一的)publicauthority.Yetitmaybeshort－lived,ascashgiveswaytothedigitalizationoffinanceandnewmeansofpaymentmaytakeover.Thebigchangewillhavehugeimpactsonstates,peopleandcompanies.Doesitdomoregoodthanharm?EswarPrasad,aseniorprofessorofInternationalTradePolicyatCornellUniversity,saysinhisbookTheFutureofMoney,itdependsoncentralbanks—whethertheycanembracechangewithoutlosingcontrol.Heinsiststheendofcash—likelywithinadecadeortwo—isrevolutionary.Asforthetrendthatcashisdeclining,MrPrasadexplainsthatitisduetothefactthatmanypeoplebankfromlaptopsandmakepaymentsontheirphones.Bitcoinandotherdigitalmoneyithasinspiredbringaboutamorefundamentalshift,whichmakespaymentspossiblewithouttheneedforatrusted,centralauthority.However,banksremaindominant.Fearingthiscouldmakethemoutofajob,manycentralbanksarebeginningtocatchupwiththepacebydevelopingtheirowndigitalcurrencies—CBDCs,whichwillupgradethefinancialsystem.MrPrasadsaystheyaremoreefficientthancashforsettlingtransactions(交易結(jié)算).Theycouldalsoprovidesupporttodigitalpaymentsystemsmanagedbyprivatefirms.Theycouldoffer“unbanked”communitiesaccesstodigitalpaymentsandotherfinancialproducts.Andtheymaymakeiteasiertotrackillegaltransactions.However,MrPrasadfearsCBDCsmaybevulnerable(脆弱的)tohackingandbugs;theycouldkillprivateinnovationandcausetheinstabilitytheyaremeanttoprohibit.Theprivacyoftransactionswillbelost.Healsomanagestomakethefinancialsystemunderstandableandinteresting.Hispatientdescriptionofhowitworksincludesnumbersofwell－researchedexamplesandpersonalanecdotes.【語篇解讀】本文是書評。文章主要介紹了康奈爾大學(xué)國際貿(mào)易政策高級教授EswarPrasad的著作——TheFutureofMoney，書中講述了隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展現(xiàn)金交易讓位于金融數(shù)字化雖帶來了一些便利，但也帶來了一些不利因素。1.What’sNOTthecauseofcashdecline?A.Thedigitalmoney.B.Thedigitalizationoffinance.C.Thefinancialsystem.D.Thenewmeansofpayment.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ascashgiveswayto...maytakeover”可知，隨著現(xiàn)金讓位于金融數(shù)字化，新的支付方式可能會取代現(xiàn)金；根據(jù)第三段中的“itisduetothefactthat...bringaboutamorefundamentalshift”可知，用手機(jī)支付、比特幣和它激發(fā)的許多其他數(shù)字貨幣帶來了一個(gè)更根本的轉(zhuǎn)變。選項(xiàng)C并未提及。]2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph4referto?A.Centralbanks. B.Bills.C.Companies. D.CBDCs.答案D[代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話“manycentralbanks...digitalcurrencies—CBDCs”可知，許多央行開始通過開發(fā)自己的數(shù)字貨幣來趕上這一步伐，由此可知，第四段第一句話中的“theyaremoreefficientthancashforsettlingtransactions(交易結(jié)算)”表示在交易結(jié)算方面，央行的數(shù)字貨幣比現(xiàn)金更有效率，故選項(xiàng)D正確，畫線詞指的是CBDCs。]3.What’sthebenefitofdigitalcurrenciesdevelopedbycentralbanksaccordingtothetext?A.Theycouldkeepprivatefirmsfrominnovating.B.Peoplewithoutbankaccountscanbuyandpayonline.C.Peoplecanbankfromlaptopsandmakepaymentsonline.D.Theymakethefinancialsystemsafeandunderstandable.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theycouldoffer‘unbanked’communitiesaccesstodigitalpaymentsandotherfinancialproducts.”可知，央行開發(fā)的數(shù)字貨幣可以為沒有銀行賬戶的社區(qū)提供使用數(shù)字支付和其他金融產(chǎn)品的渠道。]4.Whattypeofwritingisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Asciencereport.C.Abookreview. D.Abiography.答案C[文章類型題。本文以現(xiàn)金讓位于金融數(shù)字化的支付方式開頭，引出了康奈爾大學(xué)國際貿(mào)易政策高級教授EswarPrasad的著作TheFutureofMoney，在書中Prasad教授分析了數(shù)字貨幣支付方式的利與弊。由此可推知，這是一篇書評。](2023·喀什地區(qū)一模)AroundtheWorldin80Days—ByJulesVerne“WesetoutforDoverandCalaisintenminutes，”Foggannounced.ApuzzledgrinappearedinPassepartout’sroundface.“Monsieurisgoingtoleavehome？”“Yes，”repliedPhileasFogg.“Wearegoingaroundtheworld.”Passepartout’seyeswidened.Heraisedhiseyebrows,helduphishandsandseemedabouttocollapse.“Roundtheworld！”hemurmured.“Ineightydays，”respondedMr.Fogg.“Sowedon’thaveamomenttolose.”“Butthecases？”gaspedPassepartout.“Wewon’thaveanycases，”Foggreplied.“Onlyabagwithtwoshirtsandthreepairsofstockingsformeinit,andthesameforyou.Bringdownmyraincoatandtravelingcloak,andsomestrongshoes，althoughwewilldolittlewalking.Hurryup！”Passepartouttriedtoreply,buthecouldnot.Hemechanicallybegantomakethepreparationsfordeparture.Aroundtheworldineightydays!Washismasterafool?No.Wasthisajoke,then?TheyweregoingtoDover.Thatwasgood!TheyweregoingtoCalais.Thatwasgoodagain!Afterall,Passepartout，whohadbeenawayfromFranceforfiveyears,wouldn’tbesorrytosetfootinhisowncountryagain.PerhapstheywouldgosomewhereasfarasParis,anditwoulddohiseyesgoodtoseeParisonceagain.Byeighto’clockPassepartouthadpackedthebag.Then,hewentdowntoseeMr.Fogg.Mr.Foggwascompletelyready.Underhisarmwasabookcontainingtimetablesshowingthearrivalanddepartureofsteamboatsandtrains.Hecheckedhisbagcarefullyagainandensuredeverythingheneededwasinit.“Takethisbag，”Foggsaid,handingittoPassepartout.“Takegoodcareofitbecausetherearetwentythousandpoundsinit.”Passepartoutnearlydroppedthebag,asifthetwentythousandpoundshadbeeningoldandalmostweighedhimdown.TheyleftthehouseandattheendofSavilleRowtheytookataxianddroverapidlytoCharingCross.【語篇解讀】本文是小說節(jié)選。文章節(jié)選自法國著名作家儒勒·凡爾納的代表作《八十天環(huán)游地球》，講述了Fogg先生宣布要用80天環(huán)游世界，并讓Passepartout做準(zhǔn)備，直至二人出發(fā)的情形。5.HowdidPassepartoutreacttotheideaofthejourneyatfirst?A.HearguedwithMr.Fogg.B.Hewasquitepuzzled.C.HewasthankfultoMr.Fogg.D.Hewasunhappyaboutit.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ApuzzledgrinappearedinPassepartout’sroundface.‘Monsieurisgoingtoleavehome？’”可知，Passepartout一開始對于旅行的想法感到很困惑。]6.Fromthe3rdparagraph,itcanbeinferredthat________.A.Mr.FogghadreadmanybooksB.Mr.FoggwasaslaveownerC.Mr.FoggpaidgreatattentiontodetailsD.Mr.Fogghadalreadypackedforthejourney答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Underhisarmwas...wasinit.”可知，F(xiàn)ogg先生對細(xì)節(jié)非常關(guān)注。]7.WhatdidPassepartoutfeelpleasedabout?A.ThefactthatMr.Foggwantedhiscompany.B.Thelengthoftimehewouldbeaway.C.Theopportunitiesthejourneywouldgivehim.D.Thepreparationshemadeforthejourney.答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheyweregoingtoDover...seeParisonceagain.”可知，Passepartout一想到自己可以去多佛、加來，甚至去巴黎就非常高興，故C項(xiàng)正確。]8.WhatsurprisedPassepartoutwhenMr.Fogghandedhimthebagofthemoney?A.Mr.Fogg’sattitudetoit.B.Thesizeofthebag.C.Theweightofthemoneyinit.D.Theamountofthemoneyinit.答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘Takegoodcareofit...ingold”可以推斷，Passepartout差點(diǎn)把錢袋子掉在地上，對袋子里錢的數(shù)目很驚訝。](2023·長沙一中模擬)OnedayBethreceivedapianoasagiftfromherneighborMr.Laurence，whichhadbelongedtohislategranddaughter.Inspiteofhershyness，Bethwasdeterminedtoshowhergratefulness.“You’llhavetogoandthankhim，”saidhersisterbywayofajoke,fortheideaofthechild’sreallygoingneverenteredherhead.“Yes,Imeanto.IguessI’llgonow,beforeIgetfrightenedthinkingaboutit.”And,totheamazementofeveryonepresent,Bethwalkeddeliberatelydownthegarden,throughthefence,andtotheLaurence’sdoor.“Well,IwishImaydieifitisn’tthestrangestthingIhaveeverseen！”criedhersisterHannah,staringafterher,whiletheothergirlsweremadequitespeechlessbyherunexpectedact.TheywouldhavebeenstillmoreamazediftheyhadseenwhatBethdidafterward.Shewentandknockedatthestudydoorbeforeshegaveherselftimetothink.Whenadeepvoicecalledout“Comein”，shedidgoin，rightuptoMr.Laurence,wholookedquitesurprised，andheldoutherhand,saying“Icametothankyou，sir,for...”withonlyasmallquiverinhervoice.Butshedidn’tfinish,forhelookedsofriendlythatsheforgotherspeechand,onlyrememberingthathehadlostthelittlegirlheloved,sheputbotharmsroundhisneckandkissedhim.Theoldgentlemancouldn’thavebeenmoreastonished.Buthelikedit.Oh,dear,yes,helikeditamazingly!Andhewassotouchedandpleasedbythatlittlekissthathejustsetheronhisknee,andlaidhiswrinkledcheekagainstherrosyone,feelingasifhehadgothisownlittlegranddaughterbackagain.Bethdidn’tfearhimfromthatmoment,andsattheretalkingtohimfreelyasifshehadknownhimallherlife,forlovedrivesawayfear,andgratefulnesscandefeatpride.Whenshewenthome,hewalkedwithhertoherowngate,shookhandswarmly,andtouchedhishatashemarchedbackagain,lookinglikeahandsomeandoldgentlemanashewas.【語篇解讀】本文是小說節(jié)選。有一天，主人公Beth收到鄰居Laurence先生贈送給她的一架原屬于他過世的孫女的鋼琴。盡管很害羞，Beth還是鼓起勇氣，向Laurence先生表達(dá)了感激之情。9.HowdidtheothergirlsfeelwhenseeingBethwalkingtoMr.Laurence’shouse?A.Relieved. B.Shocked.C.Pleased. D.Terrified.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“And，totheamazementofeveryonepresent”“quitespeechlessbyherunexpectedact”可知，在場的每一個(gè)人都很震驚，其他女孩們被Beth的這一行為驚訝到說不出話來。B項(xiàng)的意思為“震驚的，吃驚的”。]10.Whydidn’tBethfinishherspeechwhenshesawMr.Laurence?A.Shewasshyandnervous.B.Shewastooexcitedtospeak.C.Shewasmovedbyhiskindness.D.Shewastooafraidbeforeastranger.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Butshedidn’tfinish，forhelookedsofriendlythatsheforgotherspeech”可知，Beth沒有把話說完，這是因?yàn)長aurence先生看起來是如此善良以至于她忘了接下來要說的話。]11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressmainlyinthistext?A.Weshouldovercomeourinnerfear.B.Loveandgratefulnesscandowonders.C.Weoughttorepaythosewhohelpus.D.Couragecomesfromstrongdetermination.答案B[文章大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其是第五段中的“forlovedrivesawayfear，andgratefulnesscandefeatpride”可知，通過Beth的故事作者說明了愛和感激驅(qū)趕走了恐懼與傲慢。B項(xiàng)“愛與感激能創(chuàng)造奇跡”最能概括文章主旨。]12.Whatisthetext?A.Anovel. B.Adiaryentry.C.Areport. D.Abookreview.答案A[文章類型題。本文主要敘述了一個(gè)故事，描述了Beth和Laurence先生之間發(fā)生的一件小事，告訴我們愛與感激能夠克服恐懼與傲慢，創(chuàng)造奇跡。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，A選項(xiàng)“小說”正確。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2023·黃岡高三階段抽測)Afterfinishingonlineclassesathomeduringthepandemic,HongNanjia,16,fromZhixinHighSchoolinGuangzhou,putsonherapron(圍裙)andbeginsherone－h(huán)ourchores.Thensheneedstoshareherfeelingsinadiary1.____________willbehandedintoherteacher.Moststudents2.____________(require)totakepartinthelaborclassonceperweek.SinceSeptember,thelaborclasshasbeenlistedas3.____________officialcourseintheschoollifeofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.QianChenyisupportsthispolicy.Hesaidthathestartedthelaborclassduringmiddleschool.Allthestudentswouldgathertoweedtheschoolgarden4.____________watertheplants.AccordingtoQian,hisschoolwouldinviteprofessionalstoprovidethem5.____________practicalskillsfortheirdailylife.“Whensharedbikesbecame6.____________(gradual)popularin2020,studentsweretakentotheparkingspotsandhelpedputthosebikesintotherightplace.Professionalsalso7.____________(show)ushowtofixthebikes，”Qiansaid.“After8.____________(learn)firstaid,studentsvolunteertohelppeoplewhohavehadaccidentsinthewater.”Headdedthatifstudentsfoundaspecifictopic9.___________(attract),theywouldfocusonitandonlytakepartinthelaborclass10.____________(relate)tothattopic.“Throughthelaborclasses,wenotonlyfindourinterestsbutalsobecomemorewell－rounded，”saidQian.【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報(bào)道。勞動課已經(jīng)成為中小學(xué)生的正式課程。通過勞動學(xué)生們不僅找到了自己的興趣而且發(fā)展得更加全面了。1.that/which[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為表示物的diary，該空指代先行詞在定語從句中作主語，故填that/which。]2.arerequired[考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是對現(xiàn)在事情的陳述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；又因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡ZMoststudents和謂語require之間是被動關(guān)系；主語表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故填arerequired。]3.an[考查冠詞。此句指自9月起勞動課已被列為中小學(xué)生學(xué)校生活的正式課程。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示泛指，故應(yīng)填不定冠詞；又因?yàn)閛fficial的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。]4.and[考查并列連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，句中的weedtheschoolgarden與watertheplants為并列關(guān)系，故填并列連詞and。]5.with[考查介詞。此處專查固定搭配providesbwithsth，意為“給某人提供某物”。]6.gradually[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空處修飾謂語動詞became，應(yīng)用副詞，故填gradually。]7.showed[考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文的“in2020”可知，專業(yè)人士教我們?nèi)绾涡蘩碜孕熊嚢l(fā)生在過去，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，所以填showed。]8.learning[考查非謂語動詞。句中After為介詞，介詞后應(yīng)用名詞或動名詞作賓語，故填learning。]9.attractive[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作賓補(bǔ)，指學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)特定的話題很吸引人，故填形容詞attractive“有吸引力的”。]10.related[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________(relate)tothattopic”在句中作后置定語，修飾thelaborclass。relatedto意為“與……相關(guān)”，為固定搭配。故應(yīng)填relate的形容詞形式related。]A篇Para.2：embrace常用義：v.擁抱文章義：v.欣然接受Para.3：bank常用義：n.銀行文章義：v.(在某銀行)開賬戶，存款dominantadj.占支配地位的；占優(yōu)勢的upgradev.升級；提高；改善catchupwith趕上；達(dá)到(某水平)Para.5：prohibitv.禁止；阻止；使不可能B篇Para.1：collapsev.癱倒gaspv.(因驚訝或疼痛)喘氣Para.2：mechanicallyadv.機(jī)械地；呆板地setfootin踏入Para.4：weighsbdown使某人負(fù)擔(dān)沉重C篇Para.1：belongto...屬于……inspiteof...盡管……Para.3：deliberatelyadv.小心翼翼地；從容不迫地；故意；蓄意；存心speechlessadj.(尤指氣得或驚訝得)說不出話的Para.5：wrinkledadj.有皺紋的強(qiáng)化練(四)標(biāo)題歸納題與文章大意題解題提示：1.理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)和行文脈絡(luò)，先嘗試找出文章主旨句。2.若沒有主旨句則根據(jù)文章反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞或者綜合全文內(nèi)容，確定文章標(biāo)題。3.要善于運(yùn)用逆向推理法驗(yàn)證答案。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·杭州市高三聯(lián)合測試)AtSt.FrancisHighSchool，there’ssomethingtobesaidaboutthemathteacherJimConnor.Thetruthis,Connorcanbeabitofadrudge.Butthe70－year－oldVietnamvetsayshe’snotheretoentertainhisstudents.“Itdrivesmecrazywhenpeoplesayschoolshouldbefun，”hesays.“Imean,it’sniceifitcouldbe,butyoucan’tmakeschoolfun.”Andforyears,thekidsthoughtthat’salltherewastohim—untillastNovember,whenseniorPatMcGoldricklearnedtheydidn’tknowthehalfofhim.PatwasinchargeofastudentblooddriveandhadjustcometoChildren’sHospitalLosAngelesforameeting.Andhesaysitwasweird：WheneverhetoldsomeonehewenttoSt.FrancisHighSchool,theyallsaid，“Oh,youmustknowJimConnor.Isn’thewonderful？”“Itwasreallyunbelievable，”Patsays.“Itwasalmostkindoffindingthisalterego(個(gè)性的另一面)thathehas.”Insidetheblooddonorcenter,Patfoundaplaquelistingallthetopblooddonorsatthehospital，includingtherecordholder,JimConnor.Thenhelearnedsomethingevenmoreunbelievable：WheneverConnorisn’ttorturingkidswithcalculus(微積分)，he’scuddlingsickbabies.Threedaysaweekforthepast20years,Jimhasvolunteeredatthehospital,steppinginwhenparentscan’t,tohold,feedandcomforttheirchildren.“Theytendtocalmforhim，”NurseErinsays.“Theytendtorelaxwithhim.Theyfallasleepwithhim.”“Ijustlikethemandrelatetothemsomehow，”Connorsays.Connorhasneverbeenmarried;hehasnokidsofhisown.Buthehasfallenhardforthesebabies.“I’vealwaysrespectedhim,butnowit’stoanevendifferentdegree—reallytothepointwhereItrytoemulatehim，”Patsays.“He’stheepitomeofamanofservice.”【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。數(shù)學(xué)老師JimConnor是一個(gè)對學(xué)生要求嚴(yán)格的人，但是他卻熱心公益，非常令人尊重。1.Whatdowelearnfromparagraph2?A.Schoolcanneverbefun.B.Connorishighlydemanding.C.Connor’sstudentsdrivehimcrazy.D.Connorthinkseducationisforall.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“he’snotheretoentertainhisstudents.‘Itdrivesmecrazywhenpeoplesayschoolshouldbefun，’hesays.”可知，Connor認(rèn)為他去學(xué)校不是為了取悅學(xué)生，且他不認(rèn)為上學(xué)應(yīng)該是享樂的事。據(jù)此可以推斷，Connor是一個(gè)要求嚴(yán)格的人。]2.WhatdidPatfindoutaboutMr.Connor?A.Mr.Connordonatedbloodaswellashistime.B.Mr.Connorwasawardedforhislovetowardbabies.C.Mr.Connorusedtobeaverystrictteacher.D.Mr.Connorhadauniqueteachingphilosophy.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“thetopblooddonorsatthehospital，includingtherecordholder，JimConnor...Threedaysaweekforthepast20years，Jimhasvolunteeredattheforttheirchildren”可知，Connor是獻(xiàn)血紀(jì)錄保持者，且在過去20年里每周花3天時(shí)間在醫(yī)院里做志愿者。]3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutMr.Connor?A.Heworkstwoshiftseverydayforaliving.B.Hehashisalteregointheeyesofhisstudentsallthetime.C.Hehastheabilitytoconnectwiththosekidsheholds.D.Hefailshardforthosesickkidssohedecidednottohavehisown.答案C[正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中NurseErin所說的“Theytendtocalmforhim”“Theytendtorelaxwithhim.Theyfallasleepwithhim.”可以推斷，Connor和他負(fù)責(zé)的那些孩子們建立了良好的關(guān)系。]4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BondingwithbabiesinneedofloveB.AreallessonislifethroughlearningcalculusC.EverybodykeepssomethingunderhishatD.Thetoughteacherhasasoftheart答案D[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了數(shù)學(xué)老師JimConnor是一個(gè)對學(xué)生要求非常嚴(yán)格的人，但是他熱心公益，是一所醫(yī)院的獻(xiàn)血紀(jì)錄保持者，還在醫(yī)院做志愿者，非常令人尊重。D項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)師有顆慈悲心”用矛盾修辭法既能引起讀者的閱讀興趣，又能概括整篇文章，最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。keepsthunderone’shat“將某事保密”。](2023·濰坊高三質(zhì)檢)LookupoverthewhitesandbeachesofMauritiusandyoumayseeahugesail.It’smuchlikethekindusedbykitesurfersbutthesizeofathreebedroomapartment.Thesailisn’tatouristattraction—it’screatingelectricityforthisislandofftheeastcoastofAfrica.LaunchedinDecember2021bySkySailsPower，themassivewingistheworld’sfirstfullyautonomouscommercial“airbornewindenergy”system.Forthepasttwomonths,ithasbeendeliveringalittleunderitsgoalof100kilowatts—typicallyenoughtopowerupto50homes.Toharvestwindenergyfromtheheightswherewindblowsthefastest,thekeymaybetoflyakite.Thesesystemscomeinacontainerandcanbedroppedoffwhereverthere’saroadordock(碼頭).Theycanalsobetiedtoafixedshipindeepwaters.Theirheightisadaptable,sotheycanbemovedupordowntowhereverthewindblowsthehardest,whichoftenchangeswiththeseasons.SkySailsactuallystartedbackin2001withadifferentpurpose：buildingsoftkitewingstopullmassiveshipsalongatsea.In2015SkySailsshiftedfocustoproducingelectricitywithSkySailsPower.SkySails’systemreliesonaroughly150squaremetrewingtorideonthewind.Therearenoturbines(渦輪機(jī))upintheair,andthelineisn’tanelectricwire.Instead,theenergyisgeneratedontheground，fromthepullontheline.“Thebrakeonthewinch(絞車)isgeneratingelectricity，”saysFagiano,thechiefofficer.Softwarefliesthekiteautonomouslyinafigure－of－eightpatterntogetthestrongestpullpossibletoproduceenergy.Thesystemthenchangesthewing’sflightpatternsoitcanbepulledinwithminimalresistance,expendingalittleenergytowinditback.Thispatternrepeats,creatingfarmoreenergythanitconsumes.Thesailshavelessimpactontheskylinethantraditionalturbinesandarequietertoo,saysFagiano.Andtheymakeeconomicsenseforanyonecurrentlypayingmorethan$0.30perkilowatthourfromtraditionalgenerators.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。本文主要講述了SkySailsPower研發(fā)的通過巨型“風(fēng)箏”似的帆來收集風(fēng)能的系統(tǒng)，并介紹了其工作原理和優(yōu)勢。5.Whatisthemosteffectivewayforthesystemtogetenergy?A.Itisplacedashighaspossible.B.Itistiedtoashipinthedeepsea.C.Itisadjustedtothehardestwinds.D.Itisfixedonthewhitesandbeaches.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Toharvestwindenergyfromtheheights...towhereverthewindblowsthehardest”可知，該系統(tǒng)的高度是可以調(diào)節(jié)的，它可以移動到風(fēng)最大的地方，這樣就可以高效地收集能量。]6.WhatisSkySails’originalintentiontodevelopthesystem?A.Tobeattraditionalturbines.B.Topowerthehomesinneed.C.Topullthehugeshipsatsea.D.Tocompetewithothercompanies.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“SkySailsactuallystartedback...pullmassiveshipsalongatsea.”可知，SkySails研發(fā)該系統(tǒng)的初衷是拉動海上的大船。]7.Whatdoesparagraph5focuson?A.Whyturbinesareabandoned.B.HowtheSkySails’systemworks.C.Howsoftwarecontrolsthewing.D.Whythewingchangesitsflightpattern.答案B[段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容尤其是“Softwarefliesthekiteautonomously...moreenergythanitconsumes.”可知，軟件以8字形的模式自動地放飛風(fēng)箏，以獲得最大的拉力來產(chǎn)生能量。然后，該系統(tǒng)改變機(jī)翼的飛行模式，使它可以以最小的阻力進(jìn)入，消耗一點(diǎn)能量就能將其拉回。這種模式不斷重復(fù)，它所產(chǎn)生的能量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了它所消耗的能量。故本段主要講述了SkySails系統(tǒng)的工作原理。]8.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SkySails：ThepioneerinwindpowerB.SkySails：ThecompetitortotraditionalpowerC.Thekitesseekingtheworld’ssurestwindsD.Thekitesgeneratingthecheapestelectricity答案C[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文第一段引入話題；第二段講到了本文主題“theworld’sfirstfullyautonomouscommercial‘a(chǎn)irbornewindenergy’system”；第三到五段講述了該系統(tǒng)的具體情況和工作原理；最后一段講述了該系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢。因此，本文主要講述了通過巨型“風(fēng)箏”似的帆來收集風(fēng)能的系統(tǒng)，故C項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。](2023·濰坊高三測試)Electronicswoven(編)intofabricspromisetoopenupallkindsofinterestingpossibilities，fromclothingthatmonitorsmuscleactivityandtracksbreathing,togarmentsthatcantalktooneanother.Developingpliablepowersourcestogowiththemisanequallyimportantfieldofresearch,soscientistsattheUniversityofBritishColumbiahaveputforwardaparticularlyimpressivesolutionthattheysaycouldbethefirsteverbatterythatisbothstretchableandwashable.Todevelopabatterywithsuchcapabilities,thescientistsreimaginedthewaythesedevicesareputtogether.Ratherthanformingalithium－ionbatterypackedwithhardenedmaterialsinsidearigidexterior，theteamturnedtothealternativechemistryinzinc－manganese(鋅錳)dioxide,whichisappealingforitslowcostandsafety.Thesematerialsweregrounddownintotinypiecesandinsetinapolymer(聚合物)toformverythinandstretchablelayers.“Wewentwithzinc－manganesebecausefordeviceswornnexttotheskin,it’sasaferkindofchemistrythanlithium－ionbatteries,whichcanproducedeadlycompoundswhentheybreak，”saysNguyen.Theresultingbatteryisflexibleandcanbestretchedtotwiceitsnormallength.Ithasaspecificcapacityof160mAhg－1andkeeps75percentofitscapacityover500chargeanddischargecycles.Impressively,theteamhasfoundthebatterytowithstand39washcyclessofar.Theteamisnowworkingtoimprovethepoweroutputandlifetimeofthebattery,andsaysthecreationhasalreadyattractedcommercialinterest,withthecostexpectedtobesimilartoastandardrechargeablebattery.Theyimagineitbeingputtouseinwatchesandpatchesthatmeasurevitalsigns,andinsmartclothingthatdoesmuchthesamething.【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了鋅錳電池的研發(fā)過程及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。這種電池可能是有史以來第一個(gè)既可拉伸又可洗滌的電池。9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“pliable”inparagraph1?A.Strong. B.Multiple.C.Reliable. D.Flexible.答案D[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“soscientistsat...stretchableandwashable”可知，所以科學(xué)家們提出了一個(gè)特別令人印象深刻的解決方案，該方案可能是有史以來第一個(gè)既可拉伸又可洗滌的電池。由此可知研究的一個(gè)同樣重要的領(lǐng)域是研發(fā)可拉伸的能源，畫線詞的意思與“可拉伸的”相近。A項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)壯的”，B項(xiàng)“多功能的”，C項(xiàng)“可靠的”，D項(xiàng)“柔韌的，靈活的”。文中的stretchable是解題的關(guān)鍵。]10.Whatwasamajorconsiderationforintroducingthezinc－manganesebattery?A.Safety. B.Hardness.C.Comfort. D.Convenience.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“theteamturnedto...lowcostandsafety”和第三段內(nèi)容可知，選擇鋅錳電池的主要考慮是其低成本和安全問題，它比鋰離子電池更加安全。]11.Whichaspectofthenewbatteryimpressedtheresearchersinparagraph4?A.Itswashability. B.Itsstretchlength.C.Itsmassivecapacity. D.Itschargespeed.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Impressively，theteamhasfoundthebatterytowithstand39washcyclessofar.”可知，給研究人員留下深刻印象的是到目前為止該電池可以承受39次循環(huán)洗滌，故選A，該選項(xiàng)中的washability指可洗性。]12.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Electronicclothingiswellreceived.B.Clothingfittedwithnewbatteriesisontheway.C.Clothing－friendlybatteriescanbeputthroughthewash.D.Electronicswovenintofabricsopenuppossibilities.答案C[文章大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，研發(fā)可與織物內(nèi)電子器件相匹配的柔韌的能源很重要。科學(xué)家們就此提出了一個(gè)令人印象深刻的解決方法——既可拉伸又可洗滌的鋅錳電池，下文無論是講述鋅錳電池的研發(fā)過程還是講述其優(yōu)點(diǎn)都是圍繞這一主題展開的。]Ⅱ.七選五(2023·金華十校高三二模)Perhapsyou’vestoppeddoingwhatyouwantbecauseyou’reafraidofwhatothersthinkofyou.Youfeelthatyoumustdowhattheyexpectandthatyoumustmeettheirexpectations,otherwiseyou’lllosetheirapproval.__1__Then,you’llbeabletodowhatyouwantfreely.Thinkaboutyourself,aboutwhatyoureallylikeandareinterestedin.Youmustleadyourlifeindependently.__2__However,youmightfeelafraidtodoitbecauseyou’vealwaysdoneeverythingtogaintheapprovalofothers.Youneedtogetoutofthatzone,movetonewplaces,andexploreyourfullpotential.Bysurroundingyourselfwithp