強化練(七)高階閱讀能力培養(yǎng)2025高考英語大二輪專題強化練專題一四選一閱讀強化練(七)高階閱讀能力培養(yǎng)考情速遞：閱讀理解中的高階閱讀能力題主要包括理解詞匯，理解主旨要義，理解觀點、態(tài)度，理解目的，推斷和理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)、類型等。高階閱讀能力題在近幾年高考閱讀理解試題中的比重逐步提升，重在考查考生的高階思維能力，讓考生在分析、歸納、概括的過程中，培養(yǎng)邏輯思維能力。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·蘇北四市高三統(tǒng)考)Newbioplasticsarebeingmadeinlaboratoriesfromstraw,woodchipsandfoodwaste,withresearchersaimingtoreplaceoilasthesourceoftheworld’splastic.Thenewapproachesincludegeneticallymodifyingbacteriatoeatwoodandproduceusefulchemicals.Butthebioplasticsarecurrentlysignificantlymoreexpensivetomakethanfossilfuel－basedplastics.Landandseasaroundtheworld,fromhighmountainstodeepoceans,havebecomepollutedwithplastic,promptingmajorpublicconcern.Theworldhasproducedabout8billiontonnesofplasticsincethe1950sanddemandisstillrising.Whilesomewasteplasticisrecycled,muchofitisburnttoproduceelectricity,resultingincarbonemissionsthatdriveclimatechange.Incontrasttoplasticmadefromoil,plasticsmadefromplant－basedmaterialsonlyreleasethecarbontheplantsabsorbfromtheairastheygrow.Bioplasticswillalsogivemoreoptionsforproductsthatbiodegradeintheenvironment，althoughtheycanbemadeverylong－lastingifrequired.“Plasticsareanincredibleenhancementtoourdailylives，”saidPaulMines,CEOofBiomeTechnologiesintheUK,whichhasspent￡5minthelastfiveyearsonbioplasticsresearch.“Butwecan’tgoonusingfossilfuel－basedmaterials.About6%－7%ofeverybarrelofoilisusedtomakeplastics.”Usingplantmaterialsisfeasible,__saidProfessorSimon,attheUniversityofYork.Replacinghalfofthenation’splasticbottlescouldbedonebyusingjust3%ofthesugarbeetcrop,5%ofwheatstrawor2.5%offoodwaste,hesaid.Currently,justafewthousandtonnesofbioplasticsareusedintheUKeachyear,comparedtomillionsoftonnesofconventionalplastic.Minessaidthiscouldrisetoabout20,000tonnesinthenextfiveyears.【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報道?？茖W(xué)家們正在試驗用秸稈、木屑和食物垃圾制造一種新型生物塑料。與傳統(tǒng)的化石燃料塑料相比，它更具有環(huán)保性。1.Whyarehighmountainsanddeepoceansmentionedinparagraph3?A.Todisplaytherangeofplasticwaste.B.Toshowthewidespreaduseofplastic.C.Tostresstheincreasingdemandforplastic.D.Toraiseawarenessofoceanprotection.答案A[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Landandseasaroundtheworld，fromhighmountainstodeepoceans，havebecomepollutedwithplastic”可知，世界各地的陸地和海洋，從高山到深海，都受到了塑料的污染。由此可推知，作者提到高山和深海主要是為了展示塑料垃圾的范圍。]2.Whatisoneadvantageofbioplasticsoverfossilfuel－basedplastics?A.Producingelectricity.B.Beingeco－friendly.C.Drivingclimatechange.D.Biodegradingotherplastic.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whilesomewasteplasticisrecycled...fromtheairastheygrow”可知，傳統(tǒng)的化石燃料塑料會產(chǎn)生很多的碳排放，而新型的生物塑料只釋放能夠被植物吸收的碳。由此可知，與化石燃料塑料相比，生物塑料的一個優(yōu)勢是有利于環(huán)保。]3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feasible”meaninparagraph6?A.Possible. B.Troublesome.C.Original. D.Costly.答案A[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“Replacinghalfofthenation’s...2.5%offoodwaste”可知，僅用3%的甜菜作物、5%的小麥秸稈或者2.5%的食物垃圾就可以替換全國一半的塑料瓶。由此可推知，使用植物材料是可行的，故畫線詞的意思與A項最為接近。]4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Plasticsarenecessaryindailylife.B.Oilisthesourceoftheworld’splastic.C.Bioplasticmakingisapromisingindustry.D.Scientistsareresearchingbioplasticmaking.答案D[文章大意題。通讀全文尤其是第一段內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了科學(xué)家正在研究一種用秸稈、木屑和食物垃圾制造的新型生物塑料。](2023·浙江9＋1聯(lián)盟期中)Softrobotsthathavenobatteries,motorsorelectronicsandthatarepoweredandcontrolledfromadistancebylightormagnets(磁鐵)areapopularfieldofresearch.Buttherearebarrierstoovercomebeforetheycanbeusedinpracticalapplications,includingtheneedforacheapmanufacturingprocess.ZhangLiattheChineseUniversityofHongKongandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatamagnet－controlledrobotcanbecreatedeasilyandatlowcost.Inexperiments,histeamcreatedstickytaperobotsofvariousshapesaroundacentimetreacrossthatchangetheirgeometrydependingonthepresenceanddirectionofamagneticfield.Someoftherobotswereabletomovethroughwateroralongflatsurfacesandonedevicewasabletocrawl(爬)acrossthesurfaceofpiestomachtissueinthelabandplaceasmalltherapeuticpatch(片)ontoagastriculcer(胃潰瘍)beforeleavingthepatchandmovingaway.Zhangsaysthatthesedevicescouldbeusedinthefuturetodeliverdrugsorcarryoutsimplemedicalproceduresinthestomachorintestines.“Itcanbeusedinthiskindoffolded,smallscale,andwhenitreachesalargeemptyspaceitcanopenup，”hesays.“It’sverymuchlikeasatellite,whereafteritslaunchintoouterspacethesolarpanelswillopenup.Sowhenyouswallowthisdevice，itshouldhaveaverysmallsize.”Therearehurdlestoovercomepriortoclinicaltrials,however.“Thefirstthingissafety,becausecurrentlywe’reusingaverystrongmagnetcalledaneodymium－iron－boronmagnet.It’sactuallynotthatsafe，”saysZhang.“It’skindoftoxictothecells.”【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章講述了磁鐵控制的軟體機器人能夠?qū)θ祟惣膊≈委熎鸬降淖饔?，同時也闡述了該機器人在臨床試驗中所需要解決的問題。5.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Howtherobotsfunction.B.Whatchangestherobots’geometry.C.Whethertherobotsaremarketable.D.Whatinspiredthecreationoftherobots.答案A[段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“onedevicewasableto...andmovingaway”可知，本段主要講述的是機器人在實驗中起到的作用——在胃潰瘍上放置一小塊治療貼片，然后放下貼片離開。]6.HowdoesZhangexplaintheuseoftherobotsinparagraph4?A.Bycitingclinicaltrials.B.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.C.Byquotingwisesayings.D.Bycomparingittosomethingsimilar.答案D[寫作手法題。根據(jù)第四段中的“It’sverymuchlikeasatellite，whereafteritslaunchintoouterspacethesolarpanelswillopenup.”可知，Zhang將這些設(shè)備與衛(wèi)星進行比較，從而解釋機器人的使用，故選D。]7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toxic”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Harmless. B.Complicated.C.Poisonous. D.Flexible.答案C[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上一句中的“It’sactuallynotthatsafe”可知，畫線詞的意思與“不安全的”接近。分析選項可知，poisonous“有毒的”與畫線詞的意義最為接近。]8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SoftRobotsMakeYourLifeConvenientB.SoftRobotsCanCrawlInsideYourOrgansC.SoftRobotsAreReadyforCheapProductionD.SoftRobotsCanPerformComplexOperations答案B[標題歸納題。本文第一段介紹了由光或磁鐵控制的軟體機器以及在實際運用中還需克服的一些障礙；第二段介紹了一種新的易創(chuàng)建且成本低的軟體機器人；第三段講到了這種軟體機器人可以進入人體完成手術(shù)等；第四段講到了這種軟體機器人的應(yīng)用前景；最后一段則講到了在臨床應(yīng)用之前需要解決的問題。綜上可知，B項最適合作本文的標題。]Severalyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10，000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun，keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadsavedtwofeetoftheglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou，”saysKonradSteffen,aclimatescientist.HetoldCraigChilds，authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet,butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50，000justforthehelicoptertobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote－unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistMaureenRaymoishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimatechoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives.Theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimatebutthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback，”Craigwrites.“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill，”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself.Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章主要講的是幾位科學(xué)家對控制氣候變化的論述以及作者自己的觀點。9.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.答案B[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisexperiment，quote－unquote，givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.”可知，第一段提到JasonBox嘗試用白色塑料覆蓋冰川以達到保護冰川目的的實驗是為了引出后文對人類干預(yù)氣候的可行性的探討，因此作者在第一段提到JasonBox的實驗是為了描述一種具有誤導(dǎo)性的試圖解決氣候問題的嘗試。]10.WhichstatementwouldKonradSteffenmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theyburned$50，000justforthehelicoptertobringtheplastictotheglacier...Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.”可知，利用科技解決氣候問題的方法成本高昂，也不能完全解決問題。]11.WhatisCraigChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.Favorable. B.Tolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.答案C[觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill”可知，CraigChilds對人類控制氣候的態(tài)度是懷疑的。]12.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?答案A[標題歸納題。第一段舉出JasonBox控制氣候變化的例子來引出話題；接著又列舉不同的科學(xué)家對于控制氣候變化的觀點；再根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself.Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace”可知，作者提出更喜歡地球自己照料自己，也就是反對人類控制氣候，因此A項最適合作本文的標題。]Ⅱ.七選五(2023·棗莊高三二模)ThegradualheatingofEarth’ssurface,oceansandatmosphereisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivity.Weburnfossilfuels,andpumpcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Thesegasesactlikeagreenhouse.__1__Already,theconsequencesofglobalwarmingaremeasurableandvisible.__2__Lakesaroundtheworldarewarmingrapidly—insomecasesfasterthanthesurroundingenvironment.Animalsarechangingmigrationpatterns,andplantsarebuddingtheirleavesearlierinthespringanddroppingthemlaterinthefall.Oneofthemostimmediateandobviousconsequencesofglobalwarmingistheincreaseintemperaturesaroundtheworld.Theaverageglobaltemperaturehasincreasedby0.8℃overthepast100years,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.__3__Thatyear,Earth’ssurfacetemperaturewas0.99℃warmerthantheaverageacrosstheentire20thcentury.__4__Wehavemoreunpredictableextremeweather.Theseextremescomeindifferentflavors.Oneeffectcanbecolder－than－normalwinters.ChangesinclimatecancausetheboundarybetweenthecoldNorthPoleairandthewarmequatorialairtomigratesouth.__5__Thisiswhysomeareascanhaveasuddencoldsnaporcolder－than－normalwinter,evenduringthelong－termtrendofglobalwarming.A.Thatwillbringwithitcold,Arcticair.B.Theytrapinheatandcauseglobalwarming.C.Animmediateconsequenceisfreezingweather.D.OurEarthisheatingup,andheatingupquickly.E.Iceismeltinginbothpolaricecapsandmountainglaciers.F.Since1895,thehottestyearonrecordworldwidewas2016.G.Asglobalaveragetemperaturesgoup,weatherpatternsarechanging.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了全球變暖給人類帶來如溫度上升和極端天氣等一系列的難以預(yù)料的影響。1.B[上文“Thesegasesactlikeagreenhouse.”說明了這些氣體和溫室的作用相似，B項“它們困住熱量并且導(dǎo)致全球變暖?！闭菍厥易饔玫慕忉屨f明，是對上文內(nèi)容的承接。]2.E[上文“Already,theconsequencesofglobalwarmingaremeasurableandvisible.”說明了下文要介紹全球變暖產(chǎn)生的后果，E項“極地冰蓋和山地冰川的冰都在融化?！币约昂笪牧信e的湖泊、動植物的例子就是對全球變暖的結(jié)果的舉例說明。]3.F[下文“Thatyear,Earth’ssurfacetemperaturewas0.99℃warmerthantheaverageacrosstheentire20thcentury.”中的“Thatyear”指代的是F項“自1895年以來，全球有記錄以來最熱的年份是2016年”中的“2016”，下文是對F項內(nèi)容的解釋說明，解釋了2016年成為自1895年以來最熱一年的原因。]4.G[下文“Wehavemoreunpredictableextremeweather.”說明了極端天氣的出現(xiàn)是我們始料未及的，G項“隨著全球平均氣溫的上升，天氣模式正在發(fā)生改變?！笔菫榱艘鱿挛?，說明天氣模式的改變是向極端天氣轉(zhuǎn)變。]5.A[下文“Thisiswhysomeareascanhave...duringthelong－termtrendofglobalwarming.”和A項“那將會帶來寒冷的北極空氣?！睒?gòu)成因果關(guān)系，是對北極空氣帶來的結(jié)果的解釋說明。]A篇Para.1：aimtodosth打算做某事Para.2：geneticallyadv.基因地，遺傳地modifyv.調(diào)整；稍作修改；使更適合significantlyadv.顯著地；有重大意義地Para.4：emissionn.排放；排放物drive常用義：v.駕駛；開車文章義：v.推動resultin導(dǎo)致incontrastto相比之下B篇Para.1：manufacturev.大量生產(chǎn)Para.3：stickyadj.黏(性)的Para.4：deliverv.遞送；交付；發(fā)表C篇Para.1：reflectv.反射(聲、光、熱等)；反映；沉思Para.2：commentatorn.(電臺、電視臺或報刊的)評論員consumptionn.消耗，消耗量；消費強化練(三)寫作手法題與寫作意圖題解題提示：1.寫作手法題：要熟悉常見的寫作手法，并且把握文章的脈絡(luò)，理清段落層次之間的關(guān)系。2.寫作意圖題：無論是篇章的寫作目的，還是某個段落或者細節(jié)的寫作目的，都必定為文章主題服務(wù)。因此，解答這類題多用主旨推斷法。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·黃岡市高三階段抽測)“Thearrowshotissostraightthatithitsthebull’seye.Theyoungpeoplewillhavegoodluck...”Dargyesangasheworkedonhishandmadebag.Dargye,56,anartistwhoexcelsattraditionalcraftsmanshipandTibetanfolkmusicinDrinbavillageinDragyibdistrict,Nyingchi,TibetAutonomousRegion,remembersmanyfolksongshelearnedfromhisfatheranduncle.Now,it’shisturntopassthemon.“IhavelikedtraditionalsongsanddancessinceIwasachild，”saidDargye,whohasfourapprentices(學(xué)徒).“Thesongstellthehistoriesofourancestorsandcarryouruniqueculture,andit’salwaysalotoffuntoperformthesetraditionalsongsanddancesatvariousgatherings.”Thesongtopicsvaryfromarchery,love,tolaborandpraisefortheland.Inadditiontoteachingthesesongstohisfamilymembersandapprentices,healsousessocialmediaplatformssuchasWeChattoteachsongs.Hisdaughter,ChokButri,alsoadmiresthefolkculture.Afterpostingavideoofherdaughter,TseringKyi,dancingonDouyin,shegainedalotofnewfansonthepopularshort－videoplatform.“Wearemodernpeoplelivinginamodernera,soit’simportantandourresponsibilitythatweusemoderntoolstopassonourtraditionalculturetomakeitlastforever，”saidChokButri,addingthatsheoftenpostssongsanddancesonWeChatandDouyin.Dargyeandhisfellowvillagersalsorecreatesongs，addingmodernelementssuchasaircraftandtrainstothelyrics.Besidessinginganddancing,DargyemakeshandicraftsdecoratedwithTibetanculturalelements，includingvarioushideandhairropes,bagsmadeofleatherandcloth,andknifesheaths.Thelocalgovernmentencouragesvillagerstoinherit(繼承)anddevelopfolksongsandotherformsoftraditionalculture.Dargye’seffortstopreservefolkculturehavebeenacknowledgedbythegovernment.In2014,hewaschosenasacounty－levelintangible(無形的)culturalinheritorandreceivesfundseveryyear.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章介紹了西藏自治區(qū)擅長傳統(tǒng)工藝和藏族民間音樂的藝術(shù)家達杰的事跡。他為保護民間文化所做的努力得到了政府的肯定且他被選為非物質(zhì)文化傳承人。1.WhydoesDargyewanttopassthecultureon?A.Hewantstosatisfyhisinterest.B.Hewantstolearnfromtheseniors.C.Hewantstobringpeoplefun.D.Hewantstoinheritanddevelopit.答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段達杰說的話中的“Thesongstellthehistoriesofourancestorsandcarryouruniqueculture”可知，達杰認為這些歌曲講述了祖先的歷史并承載了獨特的文化，所以他想將傳統(tǒng)文化傳承并發(fā)展下去。]2.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofmentioningDargye’sdaughter?A.Toshowfolkmusic’seffectonher.B.TostressDargye’sinfluenceonher.C.Toemphasizethebenefitofmoderntools.D.Torevealthepopularityoffolkcultureonline.答案B[寫作意圖題。根據(jù)達杰女兒的行為并結(jié)合第四段中她的話“it’simportantandourresponsibilitythatweusemoderntoolstopassonourtraditionalculturetomakeitlastforever”可知，達杰用實際行動深深地影響了女兒，作者提及達杰女兒是為了說明達杰對女兒的影響之大。]3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDargye?A.Ambitiousandhonest.B.Talentedandcurious.C.Devotedandcreative.D.Generousanddetermined.答案C[推理判斷題。第三段中的“teachingthesesongstohisfamilymembersandapprentices...toteachsongs”以及最后一段中的“Dargye’seffortstopreservefolkculture”等說明達杰為傳承民族文化盡心盡力；倒數(shù)第二段說明達杰有創(chuàng)造力。A項“有雄心壯志的和誠實的”，B項“有才的和好奇的”，C項“全心全意的和有創(chuàng)造力的”，D項“大方的和堅定的”。]4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AlleffortstopreserveculturepayoffB.CraftsmancarriesatunetopreservecultureC.AnartistpreferstraditionalsongsanddancesD.Tibetancultureisbeingprotectedandpassedon答案B[標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文講述達杰盡心盡力，用多種辦法保護并弘揚傳統(tǒng)文化的事跡。故選項B作標題較為貼切。](2023·黃岡高三階段抽測)It’sthemiddleofwinter，andtheprospectofwarmsunnydaysisalongwayoff.Forsomeofus，it’sthemostdepressingtimeofyear,whendaylightislimitedandtheweatherisoftenmiserable.Itiswhenthewinterbluessetin.Sowhatcanbedonetoliftourspirits?Theshorterdaysandlongernightscanmakeusfeeldown,whichcancauseustoeatmoreandexerciseless.Somefearlonelinessandisolation.Thosepeoplewhosufferthisseasonalmoodswingmoreseriouslyaredescribedashavingtheseasonalaffectivedisorder—orSADforshort.It’satypeofdepressionwithaseasonalpatterncausedbyashortageoflightandisthoughttoaffectthepartofthebrainthatrulessleep,appetite，moodsandactivitylevels.JennyScott－Thompsondiagnosed(診斷)withtheSADstruggledwithperiodsoftirednessandunhappiness.Shewasrecommendedforlighttherapy(療法),whichinvolvedsittinginfrontofalightboxaswellasgoingoutsideduringdaylighthours.Thisisbelievedtohelpanyonewhoisaffectedbywinterdepression.Althoughhavingmorelightisanobviouscure，antidepressantscanhelpthosewithmoreseveredepressionbyartificiallyraisingtheamountofserotonin(血清素)inthebrain.Butthisisn’tsuitableforeveryone,andmanyofuscantrytojustchangeourmindset.ClinicalpsychologistLauraKeyessays，“Itcanbehelpfultothinkabouthowtoadaptyoureatingandexercisepatternstothechangeofseasons.”Itmightsoundeasiersaidthandone,butacceptingwinterandthinkingpositivelymayenergiseus.Writingforasocialwebsite,EstherDeLaFordasks，“Whatifweexplorewhatthisphaseofwinterhastoofferus，insteadofbeingupsetaboutthosethingsthatitistakingaway？”Shesuggestsweusethistimeforrest,reflectionandslowingdown.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了冬季憂郁的起因以及治療對策：對某些人來說他們可以接受光療以達到治療的目的，但多數(shù)人可以試著改變思維模式以改善現(xiàn)狀，因為接受冬天并積極思考會給我們帶來活力。5.Whatisthemajorcauseofwinterdepression?A.Eatingmore. B.Lackoflight.C.Lessexercise. D.Feelinglonely.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“It’satypeofdepressionwithaseasonalpatterncausedbyashortageoflight”可知，冬季憂郁是由光線不足引起的季節(jié)性的抑郁癥。A項“吃太多”，B項“缺乏光”，C項“運動較少”，D項“感到孤獨”。]6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“antidepressants”refertoinparagraph4?A.Doctors. B.Plants.C.Medicines. D.Goodhabits.答案C[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本句話中的“byartificiallyraisingtheamountofserotonin(血清素)inthebrain”可知，antidepressants(抗抑郁劑)應(yīng)該是指藥物。A項“醫(yī)生”，B項“植物”，C項“藥物”，D項“好習(xí)慣”。]7.Howdoestheauthordevelophisideainparagraph5?A.Bydescribingdetails.B.Byprovidingevidence.C.Bymakingacomparison.D.Bygivinganexample.答案D[寫作手法題。本段第一句話中的“acceptingwinterandthinkingpositivelymayenergiseus”指的是接受冬天并積極思考可能會給我們帶來活力，后面以EstherDeLaFord為社交網(wǎng)站撰文時提出的問題“Whatifweexplorewhatthisphaseofwinterhastoofferus...itistakingaway？”為例來進行說明。由此可知作者是以舉例的方式開展本段內(nèi)容的。]8.What’sthispassagemainlyabout?A.ThetypesoftheSAD.B.Theimportanceoftakingaction.C.Thecausesofwinterdepression.D.Thewaytostaycheerfulinwinter.答案D[文章大意題。文章第一段最后一句話“Sowhatcanbedonetoliftourspirits？”提出主題，即我們能做些什么來振奮我們的精神。后文皆圍繞此主題展開，故選D。文中的“l(fā)iftourspirits”指振奮精神，與選項D中的staycheerful意義一致。](2023·吉林高三調(diào)研)HaveyoueverspenthalfanhoursearchingtheInternetwhich,asyoufindoutafterwards,lastedthreehours,oropenedabookshortlyafterbreakfastandalittlewhilelaternoticedthattheroomwasgettingdarker?Mostpeoplecanrememberexperiencingsuchastate.Yourmindwasn’twandering;youweretotallyfocusedandconcentratedonthatactivity,tosuchanextentthatyouwerenotevenawareofyourself.Psychologistscallthesefullyabsorbingexperiencesflowstates,whichwerediscoveredandnamedbyaworld－famouspsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi.HiscelebratedbookFlow：ThePsychologyofHappinessbecameaninstantbest－seller,makingitswaytothetopself－h(huán)elpclassics.Thestateofflowhappensunderveryspecificconditions—whenweencounterachallengethatistestingforourskills,andyetourskillsandcapacitiesarejustaboutpossibletomeetthischallenge.Soboththechallengeandtheskillsareathighlevels,stretchingusalmosttothelimit.Ifchallengesexceedskills,onecanbecomeanxious.Ifskillsexceedchallenges,weusuallybecomebored.Neitherofthesetwocasesresultinflow.Whatisalsointerestinginflowisthealmosttotalabsenceofemotionsduringtheactualprocess.Oneseemstobealmostbeyondexperiencingemotions,mostlikelybecausetheawarenessofselfisnotpresent.Mihalyhimselfisalsoverymuchawareofthepotentialnegativeimpactoftheflow.Onephilosopheroncedescribeshisownexperienceofflow，“WhenIgettotallyinvolvedintheconversation,Iamnotawareofmyself,theworldaroundorthepassageoftime.Sometimes,Imaybecomeaddictivetothatexistence，unwillingtocopewithotherdailyroutinesoflife,likeforgettingdinner,andsayinggoodbyetomychildren.”【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。本文主要介紹了心流的定義、產(chǎn)生條件、影響等相關(guān)信息。9.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1?A.Toofferageneralbackgroundofthetopic.B.Tomakeanoveralloutlineforthepassage.C.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.D.Toclarifythedefinitionofthetopic.答案C[寫作意圖題。第二段中“Psychologistscallthesefullyabsorbingexperiencesflowstates”對心流狀態(tài)進行了定義，接下來文章講述了心流的其他信息，故可推知，第一段中的問題起到的主要作用是引出本文話題——心流。]10.Inwhichofthefollowingexperiencecanweenterthe“flowstate”？A.Adoptingadog. B.WatchingTV.C.Playingthechess. D.Arguingwithothers.答案C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thestateofflowhappensunderveryspecificconditions...tomeetthischallenge.”可知，心流狀態(tài)指的是對我們的技能提出考驗的挑戰(zhàn)，且我們的技能和能力差不多可以迎接這個挑戰(zhàn)。A項“收養(yǎng)狗”，B項“看電視”，C項“下國際象棋”，D項“與他人爭論”。]11.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thestateofflowislittleconditional.B.Geniusesatnormalschoolsoftengetbored.C.Challengesathighlevelspushustothelimit.D.Skillsplaythemostimportantpartinflow.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)常識可知，天才在普通學(xué)校里是不會遇到很大挑戰(zhàn)的。再結(jié)合第三段中的“Ifskillsexceedchallenges，weusuallybecomebored.”可以推斷，天才在普通學(xué)校的話大抵會經(jīng)常覺得無聊。]12.Whydoesthewriterquotethephilosopher’swords?A.Toshowthedrawbacksofflow.B.Tostressthevalueofself－awareness.C.Tounderlinetheabsenceofemotions.D.Toindicatethedifficultyofenjoyingflow.答案A[寫作意圖題。分析最后一段可知，哲學(xué)家的話主要是為了證明“Mihalyhimselfisalsoverymuchawareofthepotentialnegativeimpactoftheflow.”，即為了說明心流的潛在負面影響。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2023·長沙一中高三模擬)China’seconomyhasgrownbyanaverageof4.5percenteachyearduringthepastthreeyears.ConsumerpricesinChina1.____________(remain)stablethroughout2022,withtheConsumerPriceIndexrising2.____________around2percent.Moreover,production,sales,andexportsofnewenergy