話題21不同民族文化習(xí)俗與傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)適應(yīng)性考試)FilmingLocationsYouCanActuallyVisitMars(TheMartian)Whenyousearchforalocationtostandinforthesurfaceofanotherworld，TheWadiRumProtectedAreainfarsouthernJordanisagoodplacetostart.Withtheimpressive“vastandechoingandGod－like”landscape，itservedasthebackgroundofMattDamon’s18－monthstayontheredplanetinTheMartian.JurassicParkTheHawaiianislandswerethelocationsforsomeofJurassicPark’smostmemorablescenes.KauaiprovidestheroughcoastlineandsomeofthemostbreathtakingfeaturesofthefictionalIslaNublar，whiletherollinghillsofOahu’sKualoaRanchfunctionasthebackgroundoftheGallimimusstampede(逃亡).HobbitonUnliketheotherlocationsinthislist，theShireisawhollyartificialset，builtonasheepfarmonNewZealand’sNorthIsland.CreatedforPeterJackson’sbig－screenadaptationofJ.R.R.Tolkien’sTheLordoftheRingstrilogy，Hobbitonbegantodrawcuriousfansshortlyafterthereleaseofthefirstfilmintheseries.Intime，whatbeganasatemporarylocationdesignedtohostathree－monthmovieshoothasevolvedintoaTolkienesquethemeparkwithover350，000visitorsannually.King’sLandingTheHBOseriesGameofThronesbringstolifethemanylocationsofGeorgeR.R.Martin’sfantasyworld，buttheconflictofsex，swords，andtrickeryreachesitspeakinthecapitalofKing’sLanding.The“real”capitalofWesteroscanbefoundinDubrovnik，Croatia.Thecity’s16th－centuryfortresswallsoverlookBlackwaterBay，whiletheparks，avenues，andalleysoftheoldcityhavewitnessedthetriumphsandtragediesofHouseLannister.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是可以參觀的電影拍攝地點(diǎn)的相關(guān)信息。1.WhichofthefourlocationsshouldyouvisitifyouareabigfanofJ.R.R.Tolkien?A.Mars(TheMartian). B.JurassicPark.C.Hobbiton. D.King’sLanding.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hobbiton部分的“CreatedforPeterJackson’sbig－screenadaptationofJ.R.R.Tolkien’sTheLordoftheRingstrilogy，Hobbitonbegantodrawcuriousfans...”可知，如果你是J.R.R.Tolkien的忠實(shí)粉絲，你應(yīng)該去Hobbiton。]2.WhatdothemovielocationsMarsandJurassicParkhaveincommon?A.Theyarebothonthecoast.B.Theydemonstratemagnificentviews.C.Theycanrepresentanotherworld.D.Theyaresetforonlyonefilm.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mars(TheMartian)部分的“Withtheimpressive‘vastandechoingandGod－like’landscape，itservedasthebackground...”和JurassicPark部分的“KauaiprovidestheroughcoastlineandsomeofthemostbreathtakingfeaturesofthefictionalIslaNublar，whiletherollinghillsofOahu’sKualoaRanch...”可知，Mars和JurassicPark的拍攝地的共同之處是它們展示了壯麗的景色。]3.WhatcanvisitorsdoinKing’sLanding?A.Seeancientfortresswalls.B.PlayrolesinGameofThrones.C.VisitGeorgeR.R.Martin.D.Experiencethetriumphsandtragedies.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)King’sLanding部分的“Thecity’s16th－centuryfortresswallsoverlookBlackwaterBay...”可知，游客在King’sLanding可以看看古老的堡壘城墻。](2024·江蘇南京市第一中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Wewerestandingatthetopofachurchtower.Isawtwistingstreetsleadingtothesquare.“See，mydear，”Fathersaidgently.“Thereismorethanonewaytothesquare.”Father’swordsalwaysguidedme.Dreamingofbecomingafashiondesigner，IcametoParis，butwithoutluck.ThenonedayImetafriendwearingabeautifulsweater.“Whataninterestingstitch！”Icried.“ItwasdonebyMrs.Vidian，”myfriendexplained.“ShelearnedthestitchinArmenia，hernativecountry.”SuddenlyIhadadaringidea.Whynotdesign，makeandsellmyownclothes?IdrewabutterflypatternandaskedMrs.Vidiantoknititintoasweater.Itprovedasuccess.ANewYorkstorewanted40sweaterstobereadyintwoweeks.Iacceptedtheorder.Myhappinessdisappeared，however，whenMrs.Vidiantoldmeittookheralmostaweektoknitonesweater.Iwascrushed.ThenIrememberedFather’swords.TheremustbeotherArmenianwomeninPariswhomasteredthespecialstitch.ThenIsearchedforanyArmenianslivinginParis.AtlastItrackeddownseveral.Twoweekslater，thefirstshipmentwasonitswaytotheUnitedStates!Fromthatdayonorderspouredin.Thencameanothertest.AsIwasbusygettingreadytoshowmywinterfashions，thesewinggirlswerecalledoutonstrike.Wherewasthewayoutthistime?Iwonderedandworried.Thenitdawnedonme.Iworkedhurriedly.Andrightontime，myshowtookplace.Somecoatshadnosleeves；somewereonlypatternsmadeofheavycottoncloth，butontheseIattachedmaterialtoshowwhatcolorsandtexturestheclotheswouldhavewhentheywerefinished.Whatashow!OnceagainFather’swordshelpedme.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了父親說(shuō)過(guò)的“通往廣場(chǎng)的路不止一條”的話一直在指引著作者，幫助作者渡過(guò)一次次難關(guān)。4.Whatproblemdidthewriterfaceafteracceptingtheorder?A.ItwasimpossibleforVidiantomeetthedeadline.B.Thesewinggirlswerecalledoutonstrike.C.ShefoundithardtotrackArmenianslivinginParis.D.Therewasashortageofsuitablecloth.答案A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Myhappinessdisappeared...toknitonesweater.”可知，作者在接受訂單后，Vidian告訴作者織一件毛衣幾乎要花一周時(shí)間，所以Vidian不可能在最后期限前完成任務(wù)。]5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thefirstshipment”refertoinParagraph4?A.Rawmaterials. B.Moreorders.C.Thefortysweaters. D.Thespecialstitch.答案C[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“ANewYorkstorewanted40sweaterstobereadyintwoweeks.Iacceptedtheorder.”以及畫線詞上文“ThenIsearchedforanyArmenianslivinginParis.AtlastItrackeddownseveral.”可知，作者找了幾個(gè)住在巴黎的亞美尼亞人來(lái)完成這四十件毛衣。故畫線詞指的是“四十件毛衣”。]6.Howdidthewriterdealwiththeshowproblem?A.Sheputofftheshow.B.Sheshowedtheclothesunfinished.C.Sheemployedmoresewinggirls.D.Shecompletedtheclothesinahurry.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Somecoatshadnosleeves...whentheywerefinished.”可知，作者通過(guò)展示了未完成的衣服處理展覽問(wèn)題。]7.Whichofthefollowingmightthewriteragreewith?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Likefather，likeson.C.Easiersaidthandone. D.AllroadsleadtoRome.答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“‘See，mydear，’Fathersaidgently.‘Thereismorethanonewaytothesquare.’”并結(jié)合文章主要講述了父親說(shuō)過(guò)的“通往廣場(chǎng)的路不止一條”的話一直在指引著作者，幫助作者渡過(guò)一次次難關(guān)，可推知，作者認(rèn)同“條條大路通羅馬”。]Ⅱ.完形填空ManyWesternculturesmeasuretheirdayswiththesolarcalendar.Therefore，they1thecomingoftheNewYearon1January.CulturesinAsiauseothercalendarsandcelebratetheNewYearatothertimes.Eventsandrituals2fromcountrytocountry.Butineachplace，NewYearcelebrationsareabig3.MostworldcultureshavebeencelebratingtheNewYearforcenturies.TheearliestNewYearcelebrationstookplaceduringspringor4time.With5weatherahead，orplentyoffoodtoeat，people6feltlikehavingaparty！Asthedaysbecamelongerandasnaturereneweditself，peoplealsofeltliketheycouldhaveanewstart.TheNewYearcouldbringbetterfortune，moreopportunitiesandnewchallenges.Such7ideasremainthesametoday.Somecultureshave8NewYeartraditions.Italiansthrowoldthingsoutoftheirwindowsatmidnight，symbolizingthe9oftheold.PeopleofthePhilippinesfiregunsintotheairtowardoff10.Danesjumpoffchairsexactlyastheclock11midnight，sotheycan“jump”intotheNewYear.GreekchildrenleavetheirshoesbythefireplaceonNewYear’sDay.Theyhopesomeonewillcomeandfilltheshoeswith12.InVancouver，Canada，somepeoplecelebratetheNewYearbyjumpingintotheocean.Theweatherisfreezingcold！Asyoumightexpect，mostpeoplecometowatchtheswimmers13swimthemselves.LondonhostsanannualNewYear’sDayparadethat14nearlyamillionspectators.Itfeaturesbands，floatsandenormousballoons.Theseballoonsaresohugethatthey15overnearbybuildings!【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了多個(gè)國(guó)家慶祝新年的時(shí)間、由來(lái)及一些文化中特別的慶祝傳統(tǒng)。1.A.observe B.noticeC.expect D.decide答案A[根據(jù)下文中的celebrate可知，此處意為“他們?cè)?月1日慶祝(observe)新年的到來(lái)”。]2.A.happen B.developC.vary D.hold答案C[根據(jù)常識(shí)和第三段介紹的多個(gè)國(guó)家不同的慶祝新年的傳統(tǒng)可知，此處應(yīng)為國(guó)家與國(guó)家之間的活動(dòng)與習(xí)慣不同。]3.A.burden B.reunionC.deal D.success答案C[根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在每個(gè)地方，慶祝新年都是一件重要的事情(deal)。burden負(fù)擔(dān)；reunion團(tuán)聚，重逢；deal大量，交易；success成功。]4.A.summer B.harvestC.labor D.leisure答案B[根據(jù)下句中的“orplentyoffoodtoeat”可知，此處表示最早的新年慶祝活動(dòng)是在春天或是收獲(harvest)的時(shí)期舉行。]5.A.colder B.changeableC.extreme D.better答案D[根據(jù)上句中的duringspring可知，此處應(yīng)為由于接下來(lái)天氣轉(zhuǎn)好(better)。]6.A.eventually B.naturallyC.occasionally D.exactly答案B[此處表示由于接下來(lái)天氣轉(zhuǎn)好或有大量的食物吃，人們自然(naturally)會(huì)想要有一個(gè)聚會(huì)。]7.A.unique B.challengingC.interesting D.universal答案D[根據(jù)上句并聯(lián)系常識(shí)可知，此處表示這樣共同的(universal)想法(新年能帶來(lái)更好的運(yùn)氣、更多的機(jī)會(huì)和新挑戰(zhàn))到如今仍然是一樣的。unique獨(dú)特的；challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；interesting有趣的；universal共同的。]8.A.unusual B.shockingC.silly D.typical答案A[根據(jù)下文對(duì)意大利人、菲律賓人、丹麥人、希臘人以及加拿大人的特殊的新年慶祝活動(dòng)的描述可知，此處表示一些國(guó)家的文化有自己特別的(unusual)新年慶祝傳統(tǒng)。unusual特別的，不尋常的；shocking令人吃驚的；silly愚蠢的；typical典型的。]9.A.coming B.departureC.failure D.developing答案B[根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，此處表示意大利人在半夜把舊東西扔到窗外，象征著舊東西的離去(departure)。coming來(lái)臨；departure分離，分開(kāi)；failure失敗；developing發(fā)展中的。]10.A.animals B.misfortuneC.enemies D.poverty答案B[根據(jù)上文中的“bringbetterfortune”并聯(lián)系常識(shí)可知，菲律賓人朝天鳴槍是為了避免厄運(yùn)(misfortune)。]11.A.reaches B.ringsC.strikes D.shows答案C[根據(jù)本句中的clock和midnight并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，此處表示當(dāng)時(shí)鐘敲響午夜十二點(diǎn)的時(shí)候。strike“鐘敲幾點(diǎn)”是固定搭配。]12.A.kisses B.loveC.fortune D.gifts答案D[根據(jù)常識(shí)并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處表示用禮物塞滿鞋子。]13.A.aswellas B.soastoC.otherthan D.ratherthan答案D[天氣極為寒冷，所以正如你可能預(yù)料的那樣，大多數(shù)人來(lái)觀看這些游泳者游泳，而不是自己游泳。aswellas也，和；soasto為了；otherthan除了……之外；ratherthan而不是。]14.A.draws B.requiresC.amuses D.provides答案A[根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，倫敦主辦一年一度的新年游行，吸引近一百萬(wàn)觀眾。draw吸引；require要求；amuse逗樂(lè)；逗笑；provide提供。]15.A.watch B.goC.tower D.take答案C[此處應(yīng)為這些氣球是如此之大，以至于它們超過(guò)了附近的建筑物。watchover監(jiān)視；照看；goover復(fù)習(xí)；檢查；towerover高出；takeover接管。]Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2024·江蘇省蘇北七市高三二模)JingxiTaipingDrumisatraditionalformofdancing.Withitsdisplayofprofoundculturalelements，it1.(include)inthefirstbatch(批次)ofChina’snationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))itemsin2006.The2.(early)historicalreferencesofthisartdatebacktotheSpringandAutumnPeriod.AtthebeginningoftheQingDynasty，itstartedtogain3.(popular)inandaroundthecapital，andthenitwasintroducedtoMentougouDistrictofBeijing.Inancienttimes，thedrumswereplayed4.NewYear’sEveattheimperialpalacetobringpeace.Asaresult，theperformancealsobecameknownasthe“NewYearDrum”byBeijingers.Thistypeofdrumdanceiscommonlyseen5.(perform)duringthelastandfirstmonthofthelunaryearinmanylocalfestiveactivities，thusexpressing6.(people)hopeofapeacefulandprosperousyeartocome.Duringagivenperformance，drummersperformvariousdancemoveswhile7.(hold)thedrumintheirlefthandsandamalletintheirrighthands.TraditionalChineseaesthetic(美學(xué)的)conceptsarereflectedinthedrumplaying，allof8.representdistinctivelocalfeatures.Inthepastdecades，efforts9.(make)byMentougouDistricttopreservethissignaturefolkdanceculture.Today，thetime－h(huán)onoredfolkartoftheJingxiTaipingDrumisbeingtakenupbythe