高考英語專題復習

完形填空解題技巧指導

—記敘文OverallConstruction【LearningObjectives】1.FigureoutthecharacteristicsofclozeandhowitistestedintheNCEEbyreadingandanalyzingthefollowinginstructions.2.Explorethemethodsandstrategiesfordoingclozebydiscussionandcooperation.Improveyourreadingskillsandapplythemintopractice.什么是完型？看到完形的感覺

1、生命本是一場漂泊的漫旅,遇見了誰都是一個美麗的意外。我珍惜著每一個可以讓我稱做朋友的人,因為那是可以讓漂泊的心駐足的地方。有時候會被一句話感動,因為真誠;有時候會為一首歌流淚,因為......生命本是═┳︻┣一旅,遇見‰了誰?都ˇ▽ˇ

是一個。我珍?惜著每一個可以讓我????稱做朋友的?▌人,漂泊的????心駐足的地方。有ˇ△ˇ話感動,因????為真誠;有::======>>時候?▄█會為一首歌??????

流淚,因為..完型考什么1）詞語辨析能力2）語法結構分析能力3）語篇理解能力4）邏輯推理能力5）文化背景透析能力6）生活常識綜合運用能力…完形填空真題多維細目表動詞名詞形容詞副詞代詞冠詞介詞(短語)連詞語言材料詞數體裁主題語境及內容2023

新高考Ⅰ卷58200000227記敘文人與自我：做人與做事新高考Ⅱ卷73410000209記敘文人與社會：社會服務全國甲卷87600010240記敘文人與社會：人際關系全國乙卷122410010243記敘文人與自我：生活與學習2022新高考Ⅰ卷55310010236記敘文人與自我：生活與學習新高考Ⅱ卷47310000188記敘文人與自我：生活與學習全國甲卷87220010280記敘文人與社會：人際溝通全國乙卷77420000251說明文人與自我：生活與學習2021新高考Ⅰ卷94200000216記敘文人與自我：生活與學習新高考Ⅱ卷77100000209記敘文人與自我：做人與做事全國甲卷105410000300記敘文人與自我：做人與做事全國乙卷10712000(感嘆詞)252夾議夾敘人與社會：社會服務與人際溝通2020山東卷57210000224記敘文人與自然：環境保護全國Ⅰ68320010256夾敘夾議人與自我：完善自我全國Ⅱ114320000300記敘文人與社會：文化遺產全國Ⅲ83610020297夾敘夾議人與社會：良好的人際關系與社會關系考綱要求及命題規律

著重考查考生的語篇理解能力，記敘文因其具備完整的故事情節和深刻的教育意義而能體現考生的這種能力。命題規律1.記敘文完形填空可分為記事和記人兩種形式，記敘時間、地點、人物和事件等。2.文章首詞一般不設空，以情景意義考查為主，虛詞為輔，即介詞、連詞、代詞為輔，幾乎不涉及情態動詞與冠詞。OverallConstructionExplorehowtodonarrationclozewithcommentsbyreadingandfishingthe5passageschosenfromNCEE.Requirements:1.Finishthe5passagesin45minutes.2.Skimthepassageasawholeandgetthemainidea,andfindthecluesinthecontext.研真題，抓線索1.（2023全國乙卷）“I’mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople,”shesaid.“I’mreadyto60.”Andshineshedid.A.shineB.flyC.danceD.score2.（2023新課標2）TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytight41.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfortransportationfortheirdog,Tiffy.A.turnB.budgetC.scheduleD.connection原詞復現近義詞復現3.(課標卷）Aftergivingshoutsofwildlywrongguessestheproffessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe____answer.A.readyB.possibleC.correctD.difficult反義詞復現研真題，抓線索1.（2023全國乙卷）“I’mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople,”shesaid.“I’mreadyto60.”Andshineshedid.A.shineB.flyC.danceD.score2.（2023新課標2）TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytight41.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfortransportationfortheirdog,Tiffy.A.turnB.budgetC.scheduleD.connection3.(課標卷）Aftergivingshoutsofwildlywrongguessestheproffessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe____answer.A.readyB.possibleC.correctD.difficult原詞復現近義詞復現反義詞復現研真題，抓線索詞匯復現LexicalRepetition研真題，抓線索4.（2019全國卷3）Weseetheskyisblue,butdowninthevalleyit’sdark—it’slikeona44day.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm5.（2023全國甲卷）Mariowinemayhavebeencloudyandcomeoutofanoldbottle,butitwas57A.perfectB.usefulC.convenientD.familiar6.(2023全國乙卷）TheChinesecoachtransformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastintheworld,helpingherskyrocketfroman54memberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.A.amateurB.electedC.averageD.enthusiastic7.（學考說明）Hehadtoleavehomeandwas9toliveinanothercountry.A.volunteeredB.forcedC.invitedD.requested8.(學考說明）Oneday.hesuggestedthatwetakeupanoutdoorsport.Iwasanuncoordinated(動作不協調的人）.SoI________hisidea.A.opposedB.supportedC.highlightedD.understood研真題，抓線索4.（2019全國卷3）Weseetheskyisblue,butdowninthevalleyit’sdark—it’slikeona44day.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm5.（2023全國甲卷）Mariowinemayhavebeencloudyandcomeoutofanoldbottle,butitwas57A.perfectB.usefulC.convenientD.familiar并列關系轉折關系邏輯關系LogicalRelation6.(2023全國乙卷）TheChinesecoachtransformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastintheworld,helpingherskyrocketfroman54memberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.A.amateurB.electedC.averageD.enthusiastic7.（學考說明）Hehadtoleavehomeandwas9toliveinanothercountry.A.volunteeredB.forcedC.invitedD.requested對比關系遞進關系近義詞復現研真題，抓線索邏輯關系LogicalRelation8.(學考說明）Oneday,hesuggestedthatwetakeupanoutdoorsport.Iwasanuncoordinated(動作不協調的人）.SoI________hisidea.A.opposedB.supportedC.highlightedD.understood因果關系研真題，抓線索邏輯關系LogicalRelation

莫非這就是當年新平一中2025屆理科年級第一無人超越號稱一枝梨花壓海棠的學霸小哥的好朋友全班搞笑大王的同桌小明跟他背過書的小組長曾經讀過的那

37

A．劇本B．電影

C．廣場舞D．燒烤

9.（2023全國甲卷）Nowadayssupermarket

tomatoes54perfectbuttasteofwater.A.smellB.lookC.becomeD.work研真題，抓線索篇章語境

Darioandhismotherlovedtheirnewapartment.Thelivingroomwaslargeenoughfortheirpiano.Thatnight,thetwoofthem1sidebysideatthepiano.Theyplayedjazzmusictocelebratetheirnewhome.Theloud2filledtheroomandmadethemfeelveryhappy.1.A.satB.stoodC.layD.walked2.A.voiceB.ringC.musicD.cry下文信息上文信息篇章語境Contextcluelexicalrepetitionlogicalrelationcontext并列關系轉折關系遞進關系對比關系因果關系根據上文信息根據下文信息根據上下文信息原詞復現同義詞復現反義詞復現技巧總結考題重現1.What’sthetopicofthearticle?人與自我人與社會人與自然2.Whoisthemaincharacterofthearticle?Amotherofthethree考題再現，策略分析AmotherofthreeinCowdenbeath,Scotland,wasawardedforwhatshedidinthemiddleofasnowstormlastweek.CharleneLesliewas41.headingtoalocalshopforsomefoodwithhertwokidswhenshesawatruckfullofmilk42.strugglingtoclimbahillinahighstreet.“Itsfrontwheelswerespinning(旋轉)onthe43.icyroad,anditwasstuckinthesnow.Myneighborappeared,soIaskedherto44.watchthekidswhileIpusheditfromtheback.“45.Finallyitgotsafelytothetop,Charlenerecalled.Thenhergooddeed46.deedpaidoff.AfterthevideoofCharlenepushingthetruckupahill47.hittheInternet,the48.impressedviewersnicknamedher“WonderWoman”.TheFamilyDairy,theownerofthedeliveringtruck,also49.praisedherheroicacts.“Thelady’s50.intentionwasincrediblykind.Whata51.blessingshewastoourcompany!Charleneandherfamilywillreceiveayear’s52.supplyoffreemilk,”theChairmanofthecompanytoldalocalnewspaper.“Isimplybelievethatitisyour53.dutytohelpothersiftheyareintrouble.Ireallydidn’thelpouttogetanything54.inreturn,butIamabsolutelydelightedattheirgenerous55.offer,”themotherlaughed.考題再現，策略分析AmotherofthreeinCowdenbeath,Scotland,wasawardedforwhatshedidinthemiddleofasnowstormlastweek.CharleneLesliewas41.headingtoalocalshopforsomefoodwithhertwokidswhenshesawatruckfullofmilk42.strugglingtoclimbahillinahighstreet.“Itsfrontwheelswerespinning(旋轉)onthe43.icyroad,anditwasstuckinthesnow.Myneighborappeared,soIaskedherto44.watchthekidswhileIpusheditfromtheback.“45.Finallyitgotsafelytothetop,Charlenerecalled.LexicalrepetitionLogicalrelationContextContextContextLexicalrepetitionLogicalrelationContextLogicalrelationLogicalrelationThenhergood46.deedpiadoff.AfterthevideoofCharlenepushingthetruckupahill47.hittheInternet,the48.impressedviewersnicknamedher“WonderWoman”.TheFamilyDairy,theownerofthedeliveringtruck,also49.praisedherheroicacts.“Thelady’s50.intentionwasincrediblykind.Whata51.blessingshewastoourcompany!Charleneandherfamilywillreceiveayear’s52.supplyoffreemilk,”theChairmanofthecompanytoldalocalnewspaper.“Isimplybelievethatitisyour53.dutytohelpothersiftheyareintrouble.Ireallydidn’thelpouttogetanything54.inreturn,butIamabsolutelydelightedattheirgenerous55.offer,”themotherlaughed.考題再現，策略分析ContextLexicalrepetitionLogicalrelationContextContextContextLogicalrelationContextContextContextContextLexicalrepetitionLexicalrepetitionContextcluelexicalrepetitionlogicalrelationcontext并列關系43轉折關系遞進關系45對比關系44因果關系根據上文信息46、49、54根據下文信息41、42、44、47、48、50、52、53根據上下文信息51原詞復現同義詞復現43、52、55反義詞復現依線索，練習題詞匯復現邏輯關系篇章語境I’mstandinginaclassofwild14-year-oldgirlsastheythrowpaperandhowl(大聲叫喊)withlaughter.Theywon’tlistentome.Ineverwantedto1.Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenlarrivedinLondon.Theywereshortofteachers.Myeffortsatteachingwerehopeless.Whenthebellfinally

2，Irushedtothestaffroom,redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren’t3.“That’s4B,theworstclassinschool,”ButIcouldn’tgiveup.I4formallessons.Instead,Ibroughttopicforclassdiscussion.Oneoftheliveliesttalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeir5.Theypaidattentionandwere6tosharedabouttheirfamilylives.ThenIhadthemwriteaboutthemselves.Astimewenton.theiressaysbecamea7betweenus.ladmiredtheirhumor,toughnessandeagerness,andIthinktheyappreciatemyinterestintheirlives.ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEndandIaskedifthey’dliketoseethe8.TheythoughtIwasjokinganddidnottakeitseriously9noteacherhadeversuggestedtakingthemout.Afewweekslater,4BandIwere10intheater.Theylovedthemusicalandthecharacters.Neartheendofthesemester,twomostrebellious(叛逆的)withflowerswasknockingonmydoor.Iwas11toknowIhadtouchedtheirheartsandmadeadifferencetotheirlives,buttheyhadalso12myheart.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith13WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater.Istill14tobeawriter.Teachingwasn’ttheendofmywritingcareer:itwasthe15.

1.A.guideB.performC.teachD.explore2.A.rangB.brokeC.stoleD.fell3.A.impressedB.surprisedC.annoyedD.delighted4.A.recommendationB.advancedC.registeredD.quitted5.A.classmatesB.parentsC.friendsD.teachers6.A.worriedB.unwillingC.fluentD.eager7.A.secretB.challengeC.bridgeD.adventure8.A.musicalB.newspaperC.bookD.sea9.A.sineB.soC.butD.and10.A.workingB.playingC.actingD.sitting11.A.anxiousB.curiousC.proudD.confused12.A.hitB.hurtC.protectD.touched13.A.actorsB.teenagersC.teachersD.writers14.A.stressedB.intendedC.doubtedD.exchanged15.A.beginningB.endingC.warningD.comingLookupthewordsyoudon’tknowandwritethemonyourbook.Assignment參考答案：No1【2023·新高考I卷】1．D2．A3．D4．A5．C6．B7．D8．A9．B10．B11．C12．D13．A14．C15．BNo2【2023·新高考II卷】

16．B17．D18．A19．C20．B21．D22．B23．A24．C25．B26．D27．A28．D29．C30．ANo3【2023·全國甲卷】

1．D2．A3．B4．C5．D6．A7．C8．B9．B10．A11．C12．A13．D14．B15．A16．D17．A18．C19．D20．BNo4【2023·全國乙卷】21．D22．B23．A24．C25．B26．B27．D28．D29．A30．C31．A32．B33．A34．C35．C36．D37．A38．D39．B40．ANo.5【2024·1月浙江卷】41-45

BDCAC

46-50

ADBAC

51-55

BDCAD2024.1浙江首考完形填空簡析Part1試題、考點分析Part2解題策略Part3備考建議

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.41.A.experiment B.encounter C.competition D.appointment42.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached43.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost44.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right45.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded46.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding47.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable48.A.publish B.quote С.copy D.download49.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students50.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch51.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith52.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated53.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised54.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching55.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engagePart1試題、考點分析【試題分析】

本文是一篇描述一段不尋?；疖囍玫挠洈⑽模瑢儆凇叭伺c社會”主題語境下的“跨文化溝通”主題群，也涉及“人與自我”主題語境下的“生活與學習”主題群

【What】故事講述了作者在旅途過程中與中國本地的一名基建工人交流的際遇與收獲。文章共包括三個自然段，第一段交代了故事背景和文章主題。第二段交代了兩人交流的具體細節。第三段為評議部分，分享了作者在這次不尋常的火車之旅中得到的啟示。【Why】讀者可以從故事中體會“三人行，必有我師”的道理。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中國普通勞動者的縮影，啟示了青少年只要在日常生活中懷有謙卑之心，保持開放心態，那么在與各行各業的普通人交流中都能得到學習。同時，文章對中國基建工人塑造的艱難謀生仍不忘學習、追求詩與遠方的正面形象也傳達了對中華民族、文化的認同和尊崇，有利引導青少年鑄牢文化自信底色?！綡ow】文章241詞，短小精悍，結構清晰，篇章模式符合拉波夫模式，第一人稱的敘事視角有助讀者代入角色，跟隨主人公一起享受美妙的火車際遇?！究键c分析】

本題主要考查學生在具體的語境中運用詞匯知識的能力，考查學生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和段間、句內及句間聯系的基礎上，準確判斷和選擇符合特定上下文語義和用法的動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞及詞組等。

考點詞性分布考點詞性設題數試題編號動詞（動詞短語）642，45,46,48,50,51名詞341,44,49形容詞343,47,52副詞0語言能力

認知能力試題編號句子語義邏輯理解、分析、應用46,49語段邏輯42,43,44,45,50語篇邏輯41,47,48,51,52,53,54,55考點類型分布Part2解題策略Tip1:重視首句傳遞的信息文章體裁人物身份全文主旨下文內容作者態度Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.記敘文（5w1h）作者在旅途中與中國當地基建工人的進行了一次對話，從中頗為受教。對話詳情？有何收獲？positive:“humbling,educational,wonderful，...longfor從作者選詞、措辭把握作者態度I(aforeigntraveler)、ayoungChineseworker

主題語境由主題和語境兩個概念合成。主題一般是語篇背后的一種思想、情感或價值觀念，是作者想要表達的東西，也可以理解為篇章的主旨或立意。（by王彥鵬）

語境則是指語言交際的環境，一般分為語言語境（篇章內部的環境或是上下文）、情景語境（篇章發生時周圍的情況、事件性質、參與者的關系、時間、地點、方式等）、文化語境（說話者或者作者所在的語言社團的歷史、文化和風俗人情）。（by胡壯麟）思考：篇章的主旨是什么？（作者想要通過文章表達什么？）在該語境中，作者會選用什么措辭來表達自己的情感和思想？Tip2:速讀全文，基于主題語境解題

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.

……Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.【Why】讀者可以從故事中體會“三人行，必有我師”的道理（51空：如果不是遇到這位工人師傅，我可能仍會依賴定勢思維評判事物；55空：三人行有我師）。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中國普通勞動者的縮影，啟示了（53空：建筑工人展現的品質讓我受啟發）青少年只要在日常生活中懷有謙卑之心，保持開放心態，那么在與各行各業的普通人交流中都能得到學習。Tip2:速讀全文，基于主題語境解題47，結合主題，應選表達作者積極態度的詞54，結合情景語境，應用表達旅途的詞Tip3:宏觀分析篇章,把握故事情節、變化

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.點題：我與一個所有旅行者都渴望的當地人有了一種謙卑、有教育意義的、美妙的相遇。指向：新朋友幾乎不會說英語，于是我趁機練習中文，為下午與該中國工人進行對話鋪墊進展：從對話中了解中國工人直面生活的慘淡仍熱愛生活、追求學習的故事評議：作者對中國工人積極的看法與態度回應：回應主題，從別人的故事回到對自己的啟發變化的是流逝的光陰，不變的是堅韌、好學的優秀品質Tip4:微觀分析篇章模式，

關注銜接、連貫、語境完形填空篇章分析（微觀結構）銜接語法銜接詞匯銜接邏輯聯系語連貫語境完形填空篇章分析（微觀結構）完形填空篇章微觀結構分析之銜接

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.1利用語法銜接（照應）助力解題“the44”指示照應對方不會說英語“My43”人稱照應上文提到的一個年請的中國小伙走向“我”；mynewfriend照應了上文的“ayoungChineseman”完形填空篇章微觀結構分析之詞匯銜接完形填空篇章分析（微觀結構分析之詞匯銜接:復現關系）復現關系：某一詞以原詞、同義詞、近義詞、上下義詞、概括詞重復出現在語篇中,語篇中的句子通過這種復現關系達到相互銜接。原詞復現eg.Thetwomanatthecounterreadthemenu.FromtheotherendofcounterBenwatchedthem.同義詞、近義詞復現eg.Hegotmany

presentsfromhisfriends.

Allthegiftswerewrappedincoloredpaper.上下義復現

上義詞指的是那些表示意義較概括的詞,它們的詞義包括了下義詞的詞義。例如,animal是sheep,tiger,wolf,dog等的上義詞,sheep,tiger等詞則是animal的下義詞。eg.Youwillneedtotakesometoolswithyou.Youcan

getahammer,asawandascrewdriverfrommost

bigdepartmentstores.完形填空篇章分析（微觀結構分析之詞匯銜接:復現關系）概括詞復現

概括詞指的是那些表示一般意義的詞。例如,people,man,woman,thing,place,do,make等都是概括詞。概括詞與其所指的詞構成的銜接是通過概括詞復現關系。eg.CanyoutellmewheretostayinGeneva?I'veneverbeentotheplace.后一句中的概括詞place和前面的Geneva構成相互銜接關系。完形填空篇章分析（微觀結構分析之詞匯銜接:復現關系）完形填空篇章分析（微觀結構分析之詞匯銜接:同現關系）同現關系：同現關系指的是詞匯共同出現的傾向性(co-occurrencetendency)。在語篇中,圍繞著一定的話題,一定的詞就往往會同時出現,而其他一些詞就不大可能會出現或根本不會出現，其中，詞匯鏈值得引起關注。在語言實踐中，人們發現有些在意義上相互聯系的詞語常常同時出現在同一語篇中，這些詞語屬于同一個詞匯套，形成了詞匯鏈(lexicalchain)，因而，當人們遇到其中一個(些)詞語時，便會聯想到詞匯套中的另一些詞。如，聽(讀)到“郵局”時，人們通常會聯想到“寄信”、“匯款”、“打電報所以，當一個詞匯套的詞語出現在一個語篇·中時，這些詞語就能銜接句子，起著連句成篇的左右。完形填空篇章分析（微觀結構分析之詞匯銜接:同現關系）Janeisagoodteather,butsheisabadwife.

(反義同現)Discriminationisundoubtedlypractisedagainstwomeninthefieldofscientificresearch.Wedon'tfindmencomplainingthattheyarenotbeinginterviewedforpositionsthattheyareclearlyqualifiedtofill.（互補同現:兩句之間的銜接主要是依靠互補詞men和women的對照。）Agreatnumberofhighschoolgraduatescontinue

theireducationinoneofthemanycollegesoruniverstiesinthecountry.Afterfouryears,theyreceiveabachelor'sdegree.Somecontinuestudyingforamaster'sdegreeandperhapsadoctor's

degree.（高中畢業后教育的詞匯鏈）

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.2利用詞匯銜接（復現、同現）助力解題“46”詞匯復現48詞匯同現，文章的關鍵詞為“交談”，此處應與詞匯鏈“口頭說”有關49詞匯復現，下文的authors與其相關，年輕小伙與作者探討了美國作家，又探討了俄國作家“52”詞匯復現，上文的studying為近義復現54詞匯復現完形填空篇章微觀結構分析之邏輯聯系語

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.3利用邏輯關系語助力解題根據語境，利用句內邏輯關系解題：去技能學校學習以便掌握手藝養家糊口44除照應線索外，邏輯聯系語so也是線索：因為對方不懂英語，所以我有機會用中文與其溝通“49”:利用邏輯關系語and體現的增補關系解題：討論了美國作家，接著討論俄國作家Part3備考建議

（完形填空）要求考生：

在正確理解語篇主旨大意的基礎上，關注具體語境中不同詞語、句子與整個篇章結構之間的聯系，

考查考生對英語詞法、句法以及語篇知識的掌握運用。（教育部教育考試院：2023年高考英語全國卷試題評析）建議：1.加強語篇意識和語篇知識的強化，有意識地進行篇章分析。2.把握語篇的主題與主線，利用主題意義、作者情感態度幫助解題。遇到難以排除的干擾項時，要學會從主題關聯的角度來打開思路，破解難題。3.

多思考設空所在句子在段落中的作用以及與段落其他句子的語義邏輯關系。4.深入理解完形填空語篇如何通過詞匯鏈等手段實現上下文語意連貫，讀懂上下文的內在牽制。5.加強分析長難句的能力。有的同學在答題時覺得蒙，與文章句子的復雜程度大有關。如41空所在句子共38詞，含從句、連詞+分詞的結構；45、46空所在句子共30詞，含多個狀語；47空所在句子共19詞，含倒裝句、插入語、同位語從句；51空所在句子共25詞，含虛擬語氣、定語從句?！舅季S建模/應試策略】一、關注首句，領會大意通過首句可以明確文章話題，了解篇章結構，預測全文內容。尾句往往是作者的點睛之筆，通過尾句一般可以更加真實、確切地體會到作者的寫作意圖、對待事件的真實態度等核心內容。例：Frommysecondgradeon，therewasoneeventIfearedeveryyear：thepianorecital(獨奏會)和尾句的Withhisfirstrecital，myfathertaughtmemoreaboutcourageanddeterminationthanallthewordsheusedthose30-plus