InnovationEnglishIntegratedCourseBook4UnitThreeInternationalConferenceObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:Graspthemainidea(thatnegotiationresultsatBaliClimateChangeConference,anddevelopingcountriesanddevelopedcountriesshouldshouldertheirresponsibilities.)andstructureofthetext(introductionofthetopicbyU.S.rejectedtheKyotoProtocol;developmentofthearticlebytheprocedureoftheconference;conclusionofthearticlebythewordsoftheIndia’sMinisterofstatefortheEnvironmentandForests);Appreciatethatclimatechangeisaglobalissue;Acquirethekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Participateinaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.SuggestedTeachingStepsLead-inTextAWordStudySentenceStudyStructureStudyAfter-readingAdditionalMaterialsLead-inDirections:Pleasewatchthevideoclipandanswerthequestions.l.Whatsituationdoestheclipdepict?2.Usethetablebelowtotickwhatyouseeintheclip.OpeningceremonyRegistrationDiscussionseminarPresentationQuestionandAnswerSessionKeynoteSpeechClosingCeremonyReferenceanswers:l.Theclipdepictsaconferencesituation.2.Usethetablebelowtotickwhatyouseeintheclip.√√√√√√TextA:WhoWonandLostatTheBaliClimateChangeConference?InnearlyadecadesincetheU.S.rejectedthelandmarkclimatechangeagreementknownastheKyotoProtocol,theU.S.hasbecomeaccustomedtobeingattackedatU.N.environmentalgatherings.(Explanation:Sentence1)Butthepoundingittookinthetorturedall-nightnegotiationsduringtheU.N.climatechangeconferenceinBaliwasunprecedented.(Explanation:Sentence2)NotonlydiddevelopingnationsbigandsmallfromIndiatoPapuaNewGuineaopenlycriticizetheU.S.foritslast-minuterefusaltosupportthenewagreemententitledtheBaliRoadmap,but—withtheexceptionofaconfusedstatementfromJapan—notoneofthealliesthathadgenerallystoodwiththeU.S.inthepasttwoweeks—Australia,Russia,Canada—roseinitsdefense.(Explanation:Sentence3)Intheend,theU.S.’stotalisolationwastoomuchforevenittobear.(Explanation:Sentence4)“We’velistenedverycloselytomanyofourcolleagueshereduringthesetwoweeks,butespeciallytowhathasbeensaidinthishalltoday,”saidleadAmericannegotiator.“Wewillgoforwardandjointheconsensus.”Boosturnedtocheers,andthedealwasessentiallysealed.Here’sabreakdownofwhatitmeans,whowonandwholost.(Explanation:Sentence5)Theroadmapisessentiallythebeginningofabeginning.Thenegotiationstocomehaveaspecificenddate—2009—andforthefirsttime,dismantleswhattheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeexecutivesecretarycalled“theBerlinWallofclimatechange”,theideathatonlytherichnationsneedtotakeresponsibilityforfightingglobalwarming.(Explanation:Sentence6)Bothdevelopedcountriesanddevelopingcountrieshavesigneduptotheclimatechangefight.Thetwosidesstillhavedifferentresponsibilities,withdevelopednationsreadytotakeonmorequantifiableemissionscuts,anddevelopingnationspreparingtotakeonlessspecificnationalactions,butnocountryisleftbehind.(Explanation:Sentence7)Thatmattersbecausethemajorityoffuturecarbonemissionswillcomefromthedevelopingworld,andnoclimatedealcanworkwithouttheparticipationofthedevelopingnations.“ThedevelopingnationsofthesouthareonthesameroadastheNorth,”saysthedirectorfortheclimateandairprogramforEnvironmentalDefense.“They’reusingthesameroadmap.”TheBaliRoadmapcontainsnospecificcommitmentsorfiguresontheemissionsreductionsthatdevelopedcountrieswillneedtotake,beyondlanguagethat“deepcuts”willbeneeded.(Explanation:Sentence8)Earlierintheweek,theEU(EuropeanUnion)foughthardtoincludeaspecifictargetof25to40%cutsfordevelopednationsby2020,andaneedtohalveglobalemissions—twofigurescitedbytheU.N.’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange’s(IPCC)latestassessmentofglobalwarmingscience.Neithermadeitintothefinaltext,thankslargelytodeterminedoppositionfromtheU.S.,althoughafootnotepointstotheIPCCreport.(Explanation:Sentence9)Forenvironmentalistswhohadhopedthattherecentavalancheofdataunderscoringtherisingcrisisofclimatechangemightprompttougheraction,Baliwasadisappointment.“Itwasaratherweakdeal,”saidtheChairofFriendsoftheEarthInternational.“It’scompromised.”(Explanation:Sentence10)ButtheclearbigwinnersareChinaandIndia,whichhavefullyarrivedasmajorplayersoninternationalclimateaction.WhileIndiabeganthenegotiationsseeminglydisengaged,thecountryelevateditsgameinthefinalday,andshowedthatitwaswillingtogobeyonditsownnarrownationalinterests.(Explanation:Sentence11)Thatwasthecaseforthedevelopingworldasawhole,whichstooduptotheU.S.withoutruiningthepossibilityofafuturedeal.(Explanation:Sentence12)“Thedevelopingcountriesallowedthisdiscussiontobegininawholenewway,”saysthepolicydirectorfortheNaturalResourceDefenseCouncil’sclimatecenter.Itshouldbedifficultforacountrytomakethefinalconcessionthatallowsalandmarkdealtofallintoplace,andstillappearselfishandstubborn—buttheU.S.somehowmanagedtodothat.(Explanation:Sentence13)YearsofblockingclimateactionateveryturnmeanttheBushAdministrationcameintotheBalitalkswithlittlepubliccredibility,andwhiletherewasasensebeforethetalksthattheU.S.mightshowflexibility,thathopewasquicklydispelled.(Explanation:Sentence14)“TheU.S.neededtocomeinhereandbuildupitscredibility,”saysthePresidentoftheUnionofConcernedscientists.“Instead,theyjustpolishedtheirDarthVaderimage.”Theroadmapoutlinesthenextstepsfornegotiation.andcallsforadeadlineof2009—intimetohaveaformalsuccessortotheKyotoProtocol.ButastortuousasBaliwas,thenextroundwillhavetotacklethespecificactionstobetakenbydevelopedanddevelopingnationsalike.(Explanation:Sentence15)Butatleastweallseemtobeheadedinthesamedirection,ifnotatthesamespeed.“Thisisnotanissuebetweenthedevelopedworldandthedevelopingworld,”saidtheIndia’sMinisterofStatefortheEnvironmentandForests.“Thisisaglobalissue.Thechallengesarehuge.Thetaskishuge.”WordStudyWordStudy:Rejectrejectvt.torefusetoacceptoracknowledge拒絕e.g.Hanswasrejectedbythearmybecauseofhisbadeyesight.Herejectedhisbrother’sofferofhelp.tothrowawaysth.thathasjustbeenmade,becauseit’squalityisnotgoodenough拋（擯）棄，剔除e.g.Imperfectarticlesarerejectedbyourqualitycontrol.Choosethegoodapplesandrejectthebadones.WordStudy:Landmarklandmarkn.oneofthemostimportantevents,changes,ordiscoveriesthatinfluencessb.orsth.劃時代的事，里程碑e.g.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasalandmarkinthehistoryofmedicine.(2)aconspicuous,clearlyvisible,objectinanarea地標，陸標e.g.Thepaviliononthehilltopwasawellknownlandmark.WordStudy:Accustomaccustomvt.(~oneself/sb./sth.tosth.)tomakeyourselforanotherpersonbecomeusedtoasituationorplace使習慣于……e.g.Hequicklyaccustomedhimselftothisnewwayoflife.Wehavetoaccustomourselvestothehotweatherhere.be/become/getaccustomedto:tobefamiliarwithsth.andacceptitasnormal習慣于e.g.I’mnotaccustomedtogettingupsoearly.Hehasbeenaccustomedtohardwork.WordStudy:Torturetorturevt.tocause(sb.)greatphysicalormentalsuffering折磨，拷打e.g.Shewastorturedbyguilt.Rachelsataloneforhoursathome,torturedbyjealousy.n.severephysicalormentalsuffering折磨，煎熬e.g.Thewaitingmustbetortureforyou.(2)anactofdeliberatelyhurtingsb.inordertoforcethemtotellyousth.,topunishthem,ortobecruel拷打e.g.Hegaveinwhenhewasthreatenedwithtorture.torturedadj.experiencingintensepain,especiallymentalpain受盡折磨的e.g.OnlywhenIlookedoncemoreuponthattorturedfacecouldImakemydecision.WordsStudy:Unprecedentedunprecedentedadj.neverhavinghappenedbefore,orneverhavinghappenedtosuchanextent前所未有的，空前的e.g.Hisstatementmadeanunprecedentedsplash.China’sindustryisdevelopingatanunprecedentedrate.WordStudy:Isolationisolationn.theactofseparatingsb./sth.;thestateofbeingseparate孤立，隔離e.g.Becauseofitsgeographicalisolation,theareadevelopeditsownuniqueculture.Retirementcanoftencausefeelingsofisolation.WordStudy:Consensusconsensusn.anopinion,statement,etc.,thateveryoneinagroupagreeswithoraccepts意見一致，共識e.g.Thetwopartieshavereachedaconsensus.Thereisabroadconsensusofopinioninthecountryonthisissue.WordStudy:Breakdownbreakdownn.(1)analysis分析，剖析e.g.Theaccountantgaveabreakdownoftheexpenses.(2)anoccasionwhenacarorapieceofmachinerybreaksandstopsworking故障e.g.Ourcarhadabreakdownonthemotorway.Thetruckhadabreakdownandwastowedtothegarage.WordStudy:Oppositionoppositionn.(~tosb./sth.)strongdisagreement反對e.g.There’snotmuchoppositiontothescheme.Herproposalmetwithstrongopposition.opposev.反對(抗)，抵制e.g.Opposeextravaganteatinganddrinkingandpayattentiontothriftandeconomy.WordStudy:Promptpromptv.(1)(~sb.todosth.)tomakepeoplesayordosth.asareaction促進，推動e.g.Whatpromptedhimtobesogenerous?Hisevasivereplypromptedmetoaskanotherquestion.(2)toinspireorcause(afeelingoranaction)激起(感情)，喚起(行動)e.g.Whatpromptedthatremark?Herquestionwaspromptedbyworriesaboutherfuture.adj.donequickly,immediately,orattherighttime及時的，迅速的e.g.Promptrepliesaregreatlyappreciated.(2)(~indoingsth./todosth.)(ofaperson)quicktotakeaction敏捷的，動作迅速的e.g.Shewasverypromptinansweringmyletter.WordStudy:Compromisecompromisev.toreachanagreementinwhicheveryoneinvolvedacceptslessthatwhattheywantedatfirst作出妥協，折中解決e.g.Sheadmittedthatshewasunabletocompromise.IwantedtogotoGreece,butmywifewantedtogotoSpain,sowecompromisedonItaly.Hisworkmatesdemandedthathenevercompromisewiththebosses.n.anagreementthatisachievedaftereveryoneinvolvedacceptslessthanwhattheywantedatfirst,ortheactofmakingthisagreement妥協，折衷e.g.Afterseveralhoursofdiscussions,theymanagedtoreachacompromise.Everyonehastobepreparedtomakecompromises.WordStudy:Ruinruinv.tospoilordestroysth.completely毀壞(滅)e.g.Hiscarelessnessruinedhisprospects.Thecontinuationofthisdroughtwillruintheharvest.n.severedamageordestruction毀壞(滅)，滅亡e.g.Thenewsmeanttheruinofallourhopes.inruins嚴重受損，破敗不堪e.g.Anearthquakeleftthewholetowninruins.WordStudy:Concessionconcessionn.sth.thatyouallowsb.tohaveinordertoendanargumentoradisagreement讓步e.g.Employersmadeconcessionstotheworkersinthenegotiations.Asaconcessiontoherinexperiencetheyallowedhertohavesomehelp.concedev.toadmitthatsth.istrueorcorrect,althoughyouwishitwerenottrue承認e.g.IconcededthatIhadmadeanumberoferrors.Iwasforcedtoconcedethatshemightberight.WordStudy:Blockblockvt.tostopsth.happening,developing,orsucceeding阻礙(止)e.g.Theirapplicationtojointheclubwasblocked.(2)topreventanythingmovingthroughaspacebybeingorplacingsth.acrossitorinit阻塞(擋)e.g.HeavysnowisblockingallroadsintoScotland.n.sth.thatpreventsmovementorprogress妨礙物，阻(障)礙e.g.Hisstubbornattitudeisablocktoournegotiation.(2)(AmE)thebuildings/areasurroundedbyfourcitystreets:thisusedasaunitoflengthalongoneofthestreets街區e.g.Helivesthreeblocksawayfromhere.WordStudy:Tackletacklevt.totrytodealwithadifficultproblem處理，解決e.g.Canyousuggesthowwemighttackletheproblem?Isuggestedtohimthatweshouldtackletheproblemanotherway.SentenceStudySentenceStudy1InnearlyadecadesincetheU.S.rejectedthelandmarkclimatechangeagreementknownastheKyotoProtocol,theU.S.hasbecomeaccustomedtobeingattackedatU.N.environmentalgatherings:IthasbeenalmosttenyearssincetheU.S.refusedtoaccepttheKyotoProtocol,averyimportantagreementonclimatechange.Eversincethen,theU.S.hasbecomeusedtobeingcriticizedatU.N.environmentalmeetings.【譯文】自美國拒絕簽署劃時代的氣候變化協議——《京都議定書》近l0年來，美國在聯合國環境問題的歷次會議上一直廣受抨擊。SentenceStudy2ButthepoundingittookinthetorturedallnightnegotiationsduringtheUNclimatechangeconferenceinBaliwasunprecedented:NeverbeforehadtheU.S.receivedsuchcriticismasitdidduringthedifficulttalksduringtheBaliconference.【譯文】在此次巴厘島聯合國氣候變化大會的連夜磋商中，美國受到的批評更是空前。本句的主干是“Butthepoundingwasunprecedented”句中包含兩個定語從句，分別修飾“thepounding”和“negotiations”。SentenceStudy3WiththeexceptionofaconfusedstatementfromJapan—notoneofthealliesthathadgenerallystoodwiththeU.S.inthepasttwoweeks—Australia,Russia,Canada—roseinitsdefense:Inthepasttwoweeks,noneofitsallies—Australia,Russia,Canada—supportedtheU.S.exceptJapan,whichgaveanambiguousstatement.【譯文】除日本的立場有些模棱兩可外，連過去兩周與美國立場相近的澳大利亞、俄羅斯和加拿大，也無一站出來支持美國。withtheexceptionof:except,but除……之外e.g.WiththeexceptionofJohn,everyonepassedtheexam.Ienjoyedallhisnovelswiththeexceptionofhislastone.exceptionn.例外e.g.Mostofthestudentsdidwell,thoughtherewereoneortwoexceptions.SentenceStudy4Intheend,theU.S.’stotalisolationwastoomuchforevenittobear:Finally,eventheU.S.itselfcouldn’tstandthestateofbeingcompletelyisolated.【譯文】最終，這徹底的孤立感令美國不堪承受。SentenceStudy5“Wewillgoforwardandjointheconsensus.”Boosturnedtocheers,andthedealwasessentiallysealed.Here’sabreakdownofwhatitmeans,whowonandwholost:“Wewillagreewithyou.”Everyonewaspleasedthatagreementwasnowafact.Herearethedetailsshowingwhatitmeansandthewinnersandlosers.【譯文】“我們將往前走，融入這一共識。”頓時，會場內的噓聲變成了歡呼聲，協議基本達成。但“路線圖”究竟意味著什么？誰是贏家？誰是輸家？SentenceStudy6Thenegotiationstocomehaveaspecificenddate—2009—andforthefirsttime,dismantleswhattheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeexecutivesecretarycalled“theBerlinwallofclimatechange”,theideathatonlytherichnationsneedtotakeresponsibilityforfightingglobalwarming:Thenewnegotiationswillhavetobeconcludedin2009,andforthefirsttimeitrejectstheideathatonlydevelopedcountriesareresponsibleforthebattleagainstglobalwarming,whichthesecretaryreferredtoastheBerlinwallofclimatechange.【譯文】它規定2009年年底前完成隨后的談判。此外，它還首次拆除了《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》秘書處執行秘書所說的“氣候變化的柏林墻”，即不僅僅是發達國家負有應對全球變暖的責任。該句的結構比較復雜。“tocome”在句子中作定語，“Thenegotiationstocome”意思是“馬上要進行的談判”。“what”引導了一個賓語從句，在從句中作“call”的賓語。“idea”后面的“that”引導的是一個同位語從句。takeresponsibilityfor:toagreetobeinchargeofsth.orsb.負起的……的責任e.g.WhodoyoutrusttotakeresponsibilityforBritain,sdefense?Itakeresponsibilityforlosingthemoney.SentenceStudy7Thetwosidesstillhavedifferentresponsibilities,withdevelopednationsreadytotakeonmorequantifiableemissionscuts,anddevelopingnationspreparingtotakeonlessspecificnationalactions,butnocountryisleftbehind:Thetwosideswilltakeondifferenttasks.Whilethedevelopedcountriesaretoreduceemissionsbyarequiredamount,thedevelopingcountriesalsoneedtocutemissionsthoughnodetailedrequirementsaremade.Thereisnoexceptionforanycountry.【譯文】雙方仍肩負著不同責任：發達國家將負有更多的量化減排任務，而發展中國家雖無具體量化要求，但沒有國家可以置身事外。該句有兩個由“with”構成的獨立主格結構作伴隨狀語，而這兩個伴隨結構分別有其邏輯主語“developednations”和“developingnations”。e.g.I’mreadingthenewspaper.withmydogsleepingnexttome.Heranuptotheman.withaswordinhishand.leavebehindtoneglectorforgettotakealong遺漏(留)e.g.IthinkImighthaveleftmywalletbehind.(2)tocauseasaresultofanaction留下e.g.Thestormleftbehindatrailofdestruction.SentenceStudy8TheBaliRoadmapcontainsnospecificcommitmentsorfiguresontheemissionsreductionsthatdevelopedcountrieswillneedtotake,beyondlanguagethat“deepcuts”willbeneeded:Exceptforthewords“deepcuts”mentionedintheBaliRoadmap,therearenoconcretecommitmentsorfiguresregardingtheamountbywhichthedevelopedcountriesmustreduceemissions.【譯文】“巴厘島路線圖”中沒有任何關于發達國家減排方面的具體承諾和數字，只提及需要“大量減排”。SentenceStudy9Neithermadeitintothefinaltext,thankslargelytodeterminedoppositionfromtheU.S.,althoughafootnotepointstotheIPCCreport:Neither(oftheproposedfigures)wasincludedinthefinalwrittenagreementbecausetheU.S.disagreedstrongly,buttherewasanoteinthetextpointingtotheIPCCreport.【譯文】但主要由于美國的堅決反對，“路線圖”的最終文本中沒有出現這些數字，只是以腳注形式提到了IPCC評估報告。thanksto:becauseofsb.orsth.由于，多虧e.g.Thecompanyhashadasuccessfulyear.thankstotheimprovementinexportsales.Thankstothedisease,Ihavetheopportunitytoimprovemycharacter.。SentenceStudy10Forenvironmentalistswhohadhopedthattherecentavalancheofdataunderscoringtherisingcrisisofclimatechangemightprompttougheraction,Baliwasadisappointment.“Itwasaratherweakdeal,”thechairofFriendsoftheEarthInternational.“It’scompromised.”:Fortheenvironmentalistswhohadhopedthesubstantialamountofevidenceshowingincreasingclimatechangemighthaveresultedinstrongeraction,Baliwasdisappointing.“Theagreement,asaresultofconcessions,wasratherweak,”saidtheChairofFriendsoftheEarthInternational.【譯文】環保論者希望最近涌現的有關氣候變化危機不斷升級的大量證據促成更嚴厲的舉措，巴厘島會議卻令他們失望。環保組織國際地球之友的主席說：“‘路線圖’是一項毫無約束力的決議。它是折衷的產物。”“underscoringtherisingcrisisofclimatechange”為現在分詞短語，作“avalancheofdata”的定語。SentenceStudy11WhileIndiabeganthenegotiationsseeminglydisengaged,thecountryelevateditsgameinthefinalday,andshowedthatitwaswillingtogobeyonditsownnarrownationalinterests:India,apparentlynotconcernedatthestart,becameinvolvedintheend,showingitwoulddomorethanfollowitsownlimitedconcerns.【譯文】盡管談判伊始，印度表現得有些事不關已，但在大會最后一天，它展示了愿意超越狹隘的本國利益的高姿態。“while”means“whereas”or“although”here.e.g.Whileneverabigeater,hedidsnackalot.Whiletherewasnoconclusiveevidence,mostpeoplethoughthewasguilty.SentenceStudy12Thatwasthecaseforthedevelopingworldasawhole,whichstooduptotheU.S.withoutruiningthepossibilityofafuturedeal:ThedevelopingworldwasactingtogetherfaceduptotheU.S.withoutjeopardizingthechanceofanyfurtherdeal.【譯文】發展中國家整體上也是如此，它們一致反對美國的態度，同時又為未來的談判留了余地。standupto:(1)confrontfearlessly,opposeboldly勇敢地面對……e.g.Hissisterhadthebackbonetostanduptoallthedifficulties.(2)tostayhealthyoringoodconditioninadifficultenvironment經得起，頂得住e.g.Theirlovecanstanduptothetestoftime.Willthisbuildingstanduptotyphoons?SentenceStudy13Itshouldbedifficultforacountrytomakethefinalconcessionthatallowsalandmarkdealtofallintoplace,andstillappearselfishandstubborn—buttheU.S.somehowmanagedtodothat:TheU.S.stillappearedselfishandwasunwillingtogiveupitsposition,despiteitsconcessionatthelastminutethatallowedthedealtobemade.【譯文】很難有國家能做到既最終妥協以成就一個里程碑式的協議，同時又顯得自私頑固，但美國做到了這一點。SentenceStudy14YearsofblockingclimateactionateveryturnmeanttheBushAdministrationcameintotheBalitalkswithlittlepubliccredibility,andwhiletherewasasensebeforethetalksthattheU.S.mightshowflexibility,thathopewasquicklydispelled:YearsofcontinualoppositiontoclimateactionmeantthatinBalinoonewasreadytobelieveintheBushAdministrationscommitment:andtheearlierhopesthattheU.S.mightchangealittlesoondisappeared.【譯文】布什政府多年來總是阻礙應對氣候的行動，因而其參與巴厘島談判時就沒什么公眾信任度。雖然談判前，大家對美國尚抱一線希望，期望它能在談判中靈活變通，但這希望很快落空了。SentenceStudy15ButastortuousasBaliwas,thenextroundwillhavetotacklethespecificactionstobetakenbydevelopedanddevelopingnationsalike:AscomplexastheBaliconferencewas,thenextroundofnegotiationsistodealwiththeconcreteactionstobetakenbyallnations.【譯文】但下一輪談判會像此次巴厘島大會一樣曲折，它將為發達國家和發展中國家制定出具體的減排措施。StructureStructureDirections:Thetextcanbedividedintofourparts.Fillintheblankswithappropriatewordsfromthetextcompletethemainideaofeach.PartsParagraphsMain

IdeasPart

OneParas.1—2Throughl)torturednegotiations,theBaliRoadmap,anewclimatechange2)agreement,wasbornattheendoftheBaliConference.Part

TwoParas.3—6Althoughtherewasmuch3)disappointmentattheBaliConference,the“BerlinWall”ofclimatechangewas4)dismantled.Bothdevelopedanddevelopingcountrieshavesigneduptothefight5)againstclimatechange.Part

ThreeParas.7—8ThebigwinnersattheBaliConferenceare6)developingcountriessuchasChinaandIndia.AtthelastminutetheU.S.hadtomakethefinal7)concessionthatallowedalandmarkdealto8)fallintoplace.PartFourParas.9—10Thenextstepsareto9)tacklethespecificactionstobel0)takenbydevelopedanddevelopingnationsalike.Directions:Choosethebestanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentenceoranswerseachquestion.1)WhatwastheattitudeoftheU.S.towardtheKyotoProtocol?A)Indifferent.B)Neutral.C)supportive.D)Opposing.2)Whatdoes“theBerlinWallofclimatechange”(Para.3)referto?A)Theideathatonlydevelopingnationsareresponsibleforglobalwarming.B)Theideathatonlyrichnationsneedtomakecommitmentstofightingglobalwarming.C)Theideathatbothpoorandrichnationshaveresponsibilityforglobalwarming.D)Theideathatdevelopedanddevelopingnationshavedifferentresponsibilitiesforglobalwarming.ThespecifictargetofemissioncutssetbytheBaliRoadmapfordevelopednationsby2020is.35to45%B)25to50%C)25to40%D)nospecifictarget4)Whydoestheauthorsaythatnoclimatedealcanworkwithouttheparticipationofdevelopingcountries?A)Becausedevelopingcountrieshavebeengettingricherandricherinrecentyears.B)Becausedevelopingcountrieshavealargerpopulationthandevelopedones.C)Becausedevelopingcountriesaregettingmoreandmoreindustrialized.D)Becausethemajorityoffuturecarbonemissionswillcomefromthedevelopingworld.5)WhatisthegreatsignificanceoftheBaliInternationalClimateChangeConference?A)TheBaliconferencetoredowntheBerlinwallofclimatechange,reachinganagreementonaglobalresponsetoclimatechange.B)TheU.S.madeafinalconcessionthatallowedalandmarkdealtofallintoplace.C)TheBaliconferencehasraisedthelevelofawarenessofclimatechangeamongdevelopingnations.D)TheBaliRoadmapwillstopdevelopingcountriesfromcuttingdownforests.KeytoExercises—Vocabularycompromises2)outlined3)breakdown4)unprecedented5)prompted6)ruined7)opposition8)tackleelevate10)concessionsrefusal2)resources3)ruined4)successor5)emissions6)estimation7)compromise8)credibility9)contains10)participationKeytoExercises—Structure1.WiththeexceptionofMary(除了瑪麗),allthestudentshadfinishedclassassignmentswhenthebellrang.

2)Withtheexceptionofanemergency(除了緊急情況),nopersonisallowedtoopenthisdoor.

3)Withtheexceptionofchildrenunder10(除了十歲以下的孩子),everyoneinthisvillageshouldbeinformedofthesadnews..

4)Youcanhaveaccesstoallthebooksinthisstudy,withtheexceptionoftwojournals(除了兩本期刊).

5)WearefullysatisfiedwithlifeinKunming,withtheexceptionofhousingandtransport(除了住房和交通).2.Intheneighborhoodthereisnobodywhodoesnotknowme.Nothingisimpossibleifyoutryyourbest.Wecouldnotachievesuchgreatsuccesswithoutthehelpofourteachers.ItisnotimpossibletopassCET-4nexttimeifyouworkharder.Ourworkhasnomeaningwithoutconsi4eringmostpeoplesfundamentalinterests.KeytoExercises—Comprehension1)raising2)criticism3)primarily4)distinguish5)amid

6)utmost7)estimates8)treaty9)flow10)vulnerability

KeytoExercises—TranslationAstheworldisgettingmoreandmoredenselypopulated,airpollutionhasbecomeanunprecedentedlysevereproblem.Thisproblemhascalledfortheincreasingattentionofenvironmentalists.Thefourmajorhumanactivitysectorscontainingindustry,energy,transportation,andagriculturearesomehowresponsibleforairpollution.Energiesareneededtorunfactories,topowertrains,planesandbuses.Nearlyalloftheseenergiesareproducedbyburningfuels,whichwouldpromptairpollution.Scientistsarestudyingnewwaysofgeneratingelectricitythatcanbelessdamagingtotheenvironment.Theincreasedpublicenvironmentalawarenesshasledtotheavalancheofactivitiessuchasrecycling.After-readingActivityOne:TalkingaboutPicturesDirections:Variouskindsofconferencesareheldeachyeartotackledifferentchallengesfacingtheworld.Thefollowingaretwoexamplesofthem.Sharewhatyouknowaboutthemwithyourclassmates.ActivityTwo:GroupWorkDirections:Planasmallconferenceonanythemerelatedtoyouruniversitylife.Workwithyourgroupmemberstodecidethethemeofyourconferenceandoutlineaplanforit.Lateryoumaybeaskedtoshareyourideaswiththewholeclass.ThemeGoalSloganAgendaAdditionalMaterialsActivityOneDirections:Everyyear,differentconferencesareheldnationallyorinternationallyforvariouspurposes.Thepicturesbelowarefordifferentconferences.Guessastothepurposeofeachofthemaccordingtothetitle,andexplainwhetherinternationalconferencesareofgreatimportance.Whyorwhynot?Tips:Aimsofinternationalconferences:①topromotetheunderstanding,communication,coordinationandcooperationamongnations;②toestablishpeaceandharmony,andfriendshipamongcountries;③toaddressandcopewithconcernsandproblemstogether;④tosharepracti