全市普通高中2024~2025學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)考試高一英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1．本試卷共10頁(yè)，共4個(gè)部分，滿(mǎn)分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。2．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。3．請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡相應(yīng)位置作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第I卷（選擇題）第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1．Whowilltakecareofthewoman’scats?A．Julie.B．Theman.C．Thepethotel.2．Whichisthewoman’sfavoriteseason?A．Spring.B．Summer.C．Winter.3．Whydoesthewomanwanttocallherfather?A．Sheissick.B．Shewillgohomelate.C．Shewon’tbebackhometoday.4．Whenwillthemanreadthespeech?A．Tonight.B．Tomorrow.C．Nextweek.5．WhatarethespeakersgoingtodothisSaturday?A．Openarestaurant.B．Visitapark.C．Goforadrive.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatdoesthemanthinkofkeepingdiaries?A．Great.B．Difficult.C．Colorful.7．Whatdidthewomandreamaboutlastnight?A．Flyinginthesky.B．Climbingamountain.C．Swimminginthesea.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inaclothingstore.B．Inaphotoshop.C．Inarestaurant.9．Whatcoloraretheman’sshoes?A．Blue.B．Black.C．White.10．Whatwillthemandonext?A．Havelunchwithafriend.B．Sharehisphotos.C．Shoponline.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?A．Howtostopclimatechange.B．Howtousegreenpower.C．Howtoplanttrees.12．Whomightthemanbe?A．Adoctor.B．ATVhost.C．Afactoryowner.13．Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A．Growingflowers.B．Closingfactories.C．Drivinggreencars.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Fatheranddaughter.B．Teacherandstudent.C．Salespersonandcustomer.15．Whatdoesthemansuggestbuyingforthewoman?A．Atextbook.B．Aputer.C．Adesk.16．Howmuchcanthewomanspend?A．About$100.B．About$200.C．About$300.17．Wherewillthewomanfinishherhomework?A．Inthekitchen.B．Inthebedroom.C．Inthelivingroom.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．WhatisJimMacy?A．Acook.B．Awaiter.C．Arestaurantowner.19．Whodoestherestauranthopetohelp?A．Peoplewhoarefat.B．Peoplewholiveonthestreets.C．Peoplewhowanttolearntocook.20．Whatcancustomersdotohelptheworkers?A．Enjoythemeals.B．Offerthemplacestolivein.C．Makedonations.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHereareamazingwinterfestivalsheldinsomeplacesaroundtheworld.Enjoythemagicofwintercelebrations!InternationalSnowSculpture(雕塑)ChampionshipsAmericaThiswinterfestivalhasbeencelebratedformanyyears.Teamsofartistsfromaroundtheworldmustpetetocarve25tonblocksofsnowintoworksofartthemselves.Therearenopowertoolsallowed!Theresultisanoutdoorartgallery(畫(huà)廊)indowntownBreckenridge.The34thyearlySnowSculptureChampionshipsrunfromJanuary22toJanuary26,andtheartgalleryisopenfromJanuary26toJanuary31.KirunaSnowFestivalSwedenTheDiscovererexplainsthatthissnowfestival,whichbeganin1986,isheldinKiruna,deepinsidetheArcticCircle.Themainpartofthefestivalisasnowsculptingpetitionthatincludesartistsfromaroundtheworld.Butthereareplentyofactivitiestokeepvisitorsbusyduringthepetition,includingsledding(乘雪橇),figureskatingandasnowblowercontestwheretheyworktoseewhocanclearapaththrougha40cmdeeppileofsnow.ThefestivaltakesplacefromJanuary24toJanuary28.IceMagicFestivalCanadaTheIceMagicFestivalhasbeentakingplaceinLakeLouiseforover20years,accordingtoWorldAtlas.ThepetitionrunsfromJanuary29toFebruary1andfromFebruary2toFebruary4.Thefinalartworksaredisplayedforvisitorswhohaveanopportunitytotakepartinotheractivitiesincludingfreestyleicesculptingandicegames.Youmusthaveticketstoattend.1.WhatisamustforartistsattendingInternationalSnowSculptureChampionships?A.Showingtheirartsindoors. B.Carvingsnowintoartworksbyhand.C.Havingtheirownartgalleries. D.Usingsomepowertoolstomakearts.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatKirunaSnowFestival?A.Organizeactivities. B.Createicesculptureswithartists.C.Attendarttrainingcourses. D.Takepartinasnowblowercontest.3.Whatdothethreefestivalshaveinmon?A.Theycoverpetitions. B.Theylastonemonth.C.Theyincludeiceactivities. D.TheytakeplaceinAmericancountries.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了世界上的三個(gè)冬季節(jié)日。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternationalSnowSculpture(雕塑)ChampionshipsAmerica中關(guān)鍵句“Teamsofartistsfromaroundtheworldmustpetetocarve25tonblocksofsnowintoworksofartthemselves.(來(lái)自世界各地的藝術(shù)家團(tuán)隊(duì)必須比賽親自把25噸重的雪雕刻成藝術(shù)品)”可知，參加國(guó)際雪雕錦標(biāo)賽的藝術(shù)家必須手工將雪雕刻成藝術(shù)品。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KirunaSnowFestivalSweden中關(guān)鍵句“Butthereareplentyofactivitiestokeepvisitorsbusyduringthepetition,includingsledding(乘雪橇),figureskatingandasnowblowercontestwheretheyworktoseewhocanclearapaththrougha40cmdeeppileofsnow.(但比賽期間還有很多活動(dòng)讓游客忙碌，包括乘雪橇、花樣滑冰和雪地清掃比賽，對(duì)于雪地清掃比賽，游客們要看誰(shuí)能在40厘米深的雪堆中清理出一條路來(lái))”可知，在KirunaSnowFestival節(jié)日中，游客們可以參加雪地清掃比賽。故選D項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternationalSnowSculpture(雕塑)ChampionshipsAmerica中關(guān)鍵句“Teamsofartistsfromaroundtheworldmustpetetocarve25tonblocksofsnowintoworksofartthemselves.

(來(lái)自世界各地的藝術(shù)家團(tuán)隊(duì)必須比賽親自把25噸重的雪雕刻成藝術(shù)品)”；KirunaSnowFestivalSweden中關(guān)鍵句“Themainpartofthefestivalisasnowsculptingpetitionthatincludesartistsfromaroundtheworld.

(該節(jié)日的主要部分是包括來(lái)自世界各地的藝術(shù)家的雪雕比賽)”及IceMagicFestivalCanada中關(guān)鍵句“ThepetitionrunsfromJanuary29toFebruary1andfromFebruary2toFebruary4.(比賽時(shí)間為1月29日至2月1日和2月2日至4日)”可知，三個(gè)節(jié)日都包含著比賽。故選A項(xiàng)。BWhataday!Thatmorning,Iwasworriedthatnoonewouldtalktome.ButIwaswrong.Ididn’tfeelawkwardorfrightenedatallonthefirstdayofseniorhighschool.Imissmyfriendsfromjuniorhighschool,butIbelieveIwillmakenewfriendshereandthere’salottoexploreatseniorhighschool.IfeelmuchmoreconfidentthanIfeltthatmorning.MynameisAdamandI’mafreshmanatseniorhighschool.Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.Thefirstweekwasalittleconfusing.First,IhadtothinkverycarefullyaboutwhichcoursesIwantedtotake.Theschooladviserhelpedmechoosethesuitableonesfrommaths,English,chemistry,worldhistory,Chineseandsoon.IknowthatChineseisaverydifficultlanguage,butIhopetobefluentwhenIgraduate.MyadviserremendedthatIshouldsignupforadvancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI’mgoodatit.Ihadtochooseextracurricularactivities,too.Itriedtojointheschoolfootballteam,butthecoachtoldmethatIdidn’tplaywellenough.Obviously,Iwasunhappy,butIwon’tquit.I’llfindawaytoimproveonmyownsothatIcanmaketheteamnextyear.Ijoinedavolunteerclubinstead.EveryWednesday,weworkatasoupkitchenandhandoutfoodtohomelesspeopleinthemunity.IknowI’llhavetostudyharderasaseniorhighschoolstudentandgetusedtobeingresponsibleforalotmore.I’mabitworriedaboutkeepingupwiththeotherstudentsinmyadvancedcourses,andit’llbequitedifficulttogetusedtoallthehomework.Still,I’mhappytobehere.Studyinghardisn’talwaysfun,butI’llbewellpreparedforuniversityorwhateverelseesinthefuture.4.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterthefirstmorningofseniorhighschool?A.Confident. B.Disappointed. C.Frightened. D.Anxious.5.Whichcoursedidtheschooladviserremendtheauthortotake?A.Maths. B.Literature. C.Chinese. D.Chemistry.6.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A.ThecoachadvisedAdamtojoinavolunteerclub.B.Adamdecidedtomaketheteamthenextyear.C.Adamhandedoutfoodtothestudentsintheschool.D.ThecoachhelpedAdampracticeplayingfootball.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscandescribeAdam?A.Shallow. B.Negative. C.Positive. D.Dependent.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者亞當(dāng)進(jìn)入高中后的經(jīng)歷和感受，包括選課、參加課外活動(dòng)以及面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的決心等。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中“Ididn’tfeelawkwardorfrightenedatallonthefirstdayofseniorhighschool.(在高中第一天，我一點(diǎn)也不覺(jué)得尷尬或害怕)”和“IfeelmuchmoreconfidentthanIfeltthatmorning.(我比那天早上更有信心了)”可知，作者在高中的第一個(gè)早晨之后感到更有信心了。故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中“MyadviserremendedthatIshouldsignupforadvancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI’mgoodatit.(我的顧問(wèn)建議我報(bào)名參加高級(jí)文學(xué)課程，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g英語(yǔ)，而且我很擅長(zhǎng))”可知，學(xué)校顧問(wèn)建議作者選高級(jí)文學(xué)這門(mén)課程。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中“Itriedtojointheschoolfootballteam,butthecoachtoldmethatIdidn’tplaywellenough.Obviously,Iwasunhappy,butIwon’tquit.I’llfindawaytoimproveonmyownsothatIcanmaketheteamnextyear.(我試圖加入學(xué)校足球隊(duì)，但教練告訴我我踢得不夠好。顯然，我很不開(kāi)心，但我不會(huì)放棄。我會(huì)找到一種方法來(lái)提高自己，這樣我明年就可以進(jìn)入球隊(duì)了)”可知，雖然作者加入足球隊(duì)失敗了，但他下定決心明年加入球隊(duì)。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。由全文和最后一段中“Still,I’mhappytobehere.Studyinghardisn’talwaysfun,butI’llbewellpreparedforuniversityorwhateverelseesinthefuture.(不過(guò)，我很高興能來(lái)這里。努力學(xué)習(xí)并不總是很有趣，但我會(huì)為大學(xué)或未來(lái)的任何事情做好準(zhǔn)備)”可知，第一天適應(yīng)良好，未被足球隊(duì)錄取后主動(dòng)尋找其他活動(dòng)（志愿者俱樂(lè)部），對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)保持信心，可得出Adam對(duì)于高中生活持積極態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。CIn2050,London’sclimatewillfeelmorelikeBarcelona’s,accordingtoanewclimatechangestudy.IfyouthinkpeopleinLondonwillhavemoresunshine,cheaperfruitsandnoneedtobringanumbrellaatanytime,thinkagain.Londoncouldbefacingseveredrought,asBarcelonadidin2008,whenitnearlyranoutofdrinkingwater.Hundredsofothermajorcitiesworldwidecouldbefacingdroughtsflooding,storms,andotherclimate

catastrophes,saidthestudyconductedbytheCrowtherLabatETHZurichUniversity.Thestudypredictedthefutureclimateconditionsof520majorcitiesworldwide,andpairedthosepredictionswiththeconditionsofcitiestoday.By2050,SeattlewillfeellikeSanFrancisco,andNewYorkwillfeellikeVirginiaBeach,accordingtothereport.Anestimated77%ofcitiesaroundtheworldwillseetheirclimateconditionsdramaticallychange,indicating“theglobalscaleofthisclimatechangethreatandassociatedrisksforhumanhealth,”thestudywarned.Regionswithnorthernlatitudes,includingmostofEurope,willfacethemostdramatictemperaturechanges.InLondon,forexample,thewarmestmonthwillriseby5.9°C,leadingtoameanannualtemperatureriseof2.1℃.However,thedangerisdifferentintropicalregions—temperaturestherewon’trisebymuch,buttherainsareexpectedtochangesignificantly.Thisyear,themonsoon(季風(fēng))rainsthatbringreliefeachyearcameweekslateinsomeplacesinIndia,extendingnationwidedroughtsandleavingpeoplestrugglingfordrinkingwater.Thenwhenthemonsoonrainsdoarrive,theyesofastandsoheavythatcitiesflood,leavingdozensdead.What’sworse,accordingtothestudy,ofthe22%ofcitiesthatarefacingunknown,currentlynonexistentclimateconditions,64%areinthetropics.8.Accordingtothenewstudy,whatwillthesituationbelikeinLondonin2050?A.Thelifecostwillbelower.B.Peoplewillgetsunburnedeasily.C.SeriouswatershortagewillstrikeLondon.D.Thereisnoneedtobringanumbrella.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catastrophes”meaninParagraph3?A.Disasters. B.Conditions.C.Predictions. D.Changes.10.WhydoestheauthormentionthesituationinIndia?A.Toprovetemperaturesarechanginggreatly.B.Topareitwiththesituationinothercities.C.Toshowthedifferencesbetweendifferentregions.D.Toexplainwhat’shappeningintropicalregions.11.Wheredoesthetextprobablyefrom?A.Ageographytextbook. B.Atravelguide.C.Astudyreport. D.Asciencefiction.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工大學(xué)克勞瑟實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究稱(chēng)，全球數(shù)百個(gè)其他主要城市可能面臨干旱、洪水、風(fēng)暴和其他氣候?yàn)?zāi)難。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Londoncouldbefacingseveredrought,asBarcelonadidin2008,whenitnearlyranoutofdrinkingwater.”（倫敦可能會(huì)面臨嚴(yán)重的干旱，就像2008年的巴塞羅那一樣，當(dāng)時(shí)它幾乎耗盡了飲用水）可知，倫敦在2050年可能會(huì)面臨嚴(yán)重的水資源短缺。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Hundredsofothermajorcitiesworldwidecouldbefacingdroughts,flooding,storms,andotherclimatecatastrophes”（全球數(shù)百個(gè)其他主要城市可能面臨干旱、洪水、風(fēng)暴和其他氣候catastrophes）可知，與干旱、洪水、風(fēng)暴相對(duì)應(yīng)的是氣候?yàn)?zāi)難。由此推斷出“catastrophes”意為“災(zāi)難”。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“Thisyear,themonsoon( 季風(fēng) )rainsthatbringreliefeachyearcameweekslateinsomeplacesinIndia,extendingnationwidedroughtsandleavingpeoplestrugglingfordrinkingwater.Thenwhenthemonsoonrainsdoarrive,theyesofastandsoheavythatcitiesflood,leavingdozensdead.What’sworse,accordingtothestudy,ofthe22%ofcitiesthatarefacingunknown,currentlynonexistentclimateconditions,64%areinthetropics.”（今年，在印度的一些地方，每年都會(huì)帶來(lái)緩解的季風(fēng)性降雨晚了幾周，擴(kuò)大了全國(guó)范圍的干旱，使人們難以獲得飲用水。當(dāng)季風(fēng)性降雨到來(lái)時(shí)，它們來(lái)得如此之快，如此之大，以至于城市被洪水淹沒(méi)，造成數(shù)十人死亡。更糟糕的是，根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，22%的城市面臨著未知的，目前不存在的氣候條件，64%在熱帶地區(qū)）可知，作者提到印度的情況是為了解釋熱帶地區(qū)正在發(fā)生的事情。故選D項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文以及根據(jù)第三段“Hundredsofothermajorcitiesworldwidecouldbefacingdroughts,flooding,storms,andotherclimatecatastrophes,saidthestudyconductedbytheCrowtherLabatETHZurichUniversity.”（蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工大學(xué)克勞瑟實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究稱(chēng)，全球數(shù)百個(gè)其他主要城市可能面臨干旱、洪水、風(fēng)暴和其他氣候?yàn)?zāi)難）可知，短文介紹的關(guān)于自然災(zāi)害的研究。所以短文來(lái)自一份研究報(bào)告。故選C。DTheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastorecallhundredsoffoodseveryyear.Likecookiesnackpackswithpiecesofblueplastichidinginside,dressingandsaucecontainingsalmonella(沙門(mén)氏菌)orvariousjamscontainingwithlead(鉛).Itcantakeafewmonthsbeforearecall(召回)isissued.Butnowresearchershaveeupwithamethodthatmightfasttrackthatprocess,leadingtoearlydetectionand,ultimately,fasterrecalls.TheAIsystemreliesonthefactthatpeopleincreasinglybuyfoodsandspicesonline.Andpeopletendtowritereviewsofproductstheybuyonline,whicharelikebreadcrumbs(包屑)tofoodsafetyofficialssniffing(嗅)outdangerousproducts.TheresearcherslinkedFDAfoodrecallsfrom2012to2014toAmazonreviewsofthosesameproducts.Theythentrainedmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)todistinguishbetweenreviewsforrecalleditemsandreviewsforitemsthathadnotbeenflagged.AndthetrainedalgorithmswereabletopredictFDArecallsthreequartersofthetime.Theyalsoidentifiedanother20,000reviewsforpossiblyunsafefoods,mostofwhichhadneverbeenrecalled.TheresultsarepublishedinJournaloftheAmericanMedicalInformaticsAssociation.TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthat600millionpeopleworldwidegetsickannuallyfrompollutedfood,andmorethan400,000peoplediefromit.“SohavingtoolsthatenableustodetectthisalotfasterandhopefullyinvestigateanddorecallsfasterwillbeusefulnotjustintheU.S.butinothercountriesaroundtheworldaswell.”StudyauthorElaineNsoesieofBostonUniversity.Shedidaddonewarningevenrecalledproductscanstillgetfivestarreviews.Sostarsalonedon’ttellthereality.Theproofunfortunately,maystillbeinthepudding.12.WhatwillhelpFDArecallunsafefoodsfasterthanbefore?A.Lotsofonlinereviewsofproducts. B.Effortsoffoodsafetyofficials.C.Newmeasuresoffoodsafetyofficials. D.Onlinereviewsofthepollutedfoods.13.Howdoestheauthorintroducetheprocessoftheresearch?A.Bydescribingfacts. B.Bygivingnumbers. C.Bygivingdefinitions. D.Bymakingparisons.14.What’sElaine’sattitudetowardsfivestarreviews?A.Unconcerned. B.Doubtful. C.Neutral. D.Approving.15.Whichmaybethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.FDADevelopsSystemofJudgingReviews. B.FDADetectsUnsafefoods.C.AIHelpsFDAJudgeReviews. D.AISniffsoutUnsafeFoods.【答案】12.A13.A14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究者開(kāi)發(fā)了一種新的AI系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)網(wǎng)上對(duì)產(chǎn)品的評(píng)論快速地篩選出不安全食品。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheAIsystemreliesonthefactthatpeopleincreasinglybuyfoodsandspicesonline.Andpeopletendtowritereviewsofproductstheybuyonline,whicharelikebreadcrumbs(包屑)tofoodsafetyofficialssniffing(嗅)outdangerousproducts.(人工智能系統(tǒng)依賴(lài)于人們?cè)絹?lái)越多地在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)食品和香料。人們傾向于對(duì)他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行評(píng)論，這對(duì)食品安全官員來(lái)說(shuō)就像面包屑一樣，可以嗅出危險(xiǎn)的產(chǎn)品)”和第三段中“TheresearcherslinkedFDAfoodrecallsfrom2012to2014toAmazonreviewsofthosesameproducts.(研究人員將2012年至2014年的FDA食品召回與亞馬遜對(duì)這些相同產(chǎn)品的評(píng)論聯(lián)系起來(lái))”可知，大量的網(wǎng)上關(guān)于產(chǎn)品的評(píng)論有助于FDA比以前更快地召回不安全食品。故選A項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheresearcherslinkedFDAfoodrecallsfrom2012to2014toAmazonreviewsofthosesameproducts.Theythentrainedmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)todistinguishbetweenreviewsforrecalleditemsandreviewsforitemsthathadnotbeenflagged.(研究人員將2012年至2014年FDA食品召回與亞馬遜對(duì)這些產(chǎn)品的評(píng)論聯(lián)系起來(lái)。然后，他們訓(xùn)練機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)算法，以區(qū)分召回項(xiàng)目的評(píng)論和未標(biāo)記項(xiàng)目的評(píng)論)”和“Theyalsoidentifiedanother20,000reviewsforpossiblyunsafefoods,mostofwhichhadneverbeenrecalled.(他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外2萬(wàn)份可能不安全食品的評(píng)論，其中大部分從未被召回)”可知，作者是通過(guò)描述事實(shí)來(lái)介紹研究過(guò)程的。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Shedidaddonewarningevenrecalledproductscanstillgetfivestarreviews.Sostarsalonedon’ttellthereality.Theproofunfortunately,maystillbeinthepudding.(她確實(shí)添加了一個(gè)警告，即使是召回的產(chǎn)品仍然可以獲得五星評(píng)論。因此，僅憑星評(píng)無(wú)法講述整個(gè)令人患病的故事。不幸的是，食物好不好，只有吃過(guò)才知道。)”可知，最后一段Elaine警告稱(chēng)，即使被召回的產(chǎn)品仍可能獲得五星評(píng)價(jià)，說(shuō)明星級(jí)評(píng)分不可靠，她對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Itcantakeafewmonthsbeforearecall(召回)isissued.Butnowresearchershaveeupwithamethodthatmightfasttrackthatprocess,leadingtoearlydetectionand,ultimately,fasterrecalls.TheAIsystemreliesonthefactthatpeopleincreasinglybuyfoodsandspicesonline.Andpeopletendtowritereviewsofproductstheybuyonline,whicharelikebreadcrumbs(包屑)tofoodsafetyofficialssniffing(嗅)outdangerousproducts.(召回可能需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間。但現(xiàn)在研究人員已經(jīng)提出了一種方法，可以快速跟蹤這一過(guò)程，從而早期發(fā)現(xiàn)并最終更快地召回。人工智能系統(tǒng)依賴(lài)于人們?cè)絹?lái)越多地在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)食品和香料的事實(shí)。人們傾向于寫(xiě)他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上購(gòu)買(mǎi)的產(chǎn)品的評(píng)論，這就像食品安全官員嗅出危險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品的面包屑)”可知，本文講述的是研究者的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究報(bào)告類(lèi)的文章主題與研究的新發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)，而D項(xiàng)中的“AISniffsoutUnsafeFoods(人工智能嗅出不安全的食品)”與研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoMakeFriendsAproverbsays“Onemanisnotgoodenoughtolivealoneintheworld”____16____Weneedfriends’help.Friendsarepeoplewhowillinglyandreadilyhelpuswhenweareintrouble,andshowsympathyforuswhenweareinmisery.____17____Forexample,whenwehavepassedthegraduationexaminationandarelookingforajob,weneedexperiencedandreliablefriendstoguideusandhelpusonourway.Agoodfriendisalsoanadviser,becauseourownpointsofviewtowardsthingsmaynotbealwaysright.____18____Ofcourse,wecanmakefriendseverywhere.____19____Weareamongabignumberofboysandgirlsourownage,soitiseasytogettoknowoneanotherinashorttime.Besides,wecanalsomakefriendsamongthepeoplewhoworkwithusinthemunity.Inordertomakefriends,weourselvesmustbehonest,noblemindedandkindheartedwherebytoleaveafavorableimpressiononotherssinceotherpeopleobserveusthesamewayaswedo.Atthesametime,weshouldavoidbadfriends,becausetheyalwaysdoharmtousandmoreover,theyaredangeroustothepeoplearound.Worsestill,theydestroyourfriendshipwithgoodfriends.____20____A.Indeed,seekingacquaintancewithbadfriendswouldbeaseriousmistake.B.Afaithfulfriendishardtofind.C.Therefore,itisnecessaryforustoseekadvicefromfriends.D.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.E.However,thebestplaceisschool.F.Indeed,therearemanythingsinlifewhichwealonecannotperform.G.Thebenefitoffriendshipishavingahelpfulhandwithyou.【答案】16.F17.G18.C19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了我們?nèi)绾谓慌笥训慕ㄗh。【16題詳解】上文“Aproverbsays“Onemanisnotgoodenoughtolivealoneintheworld.”(俗話(huà)說(shuō)：“一個(gè)人不足以獨(dú)自生活在這個(gè)世界上。”)”引用諺語(yǔ)講一個(gè)人獨(dú)自生活是不夠的，結(jié)合第二段首句“Weneedfriends’help.(我們需要朋友的幫助)”提到需要朋友幫助可知，一個(gè)人不能獨(dú)自生活在這個(gè)世界，是因?yàn)樵谏钪杏泻芏嗍虑槭俏覀冏约簾o(wú)法完成的，所以我們需要朋友，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，生活中有很多事情是我們一個(gè)人做不到的”切合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】由下文“Forexample,whenwehavepassedthegraduationexaminationandarelookingforajob,weneedexperiencedandreliablefriendstoguideusandhelpusonourway.(例如，當(dāng)我們通過(guò)畢業(yè)考試并正在找工作時(shí)，我們需要經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、可靠的朋友來(lái)指導(dǎo)和幫助我們)”可知，這里舉例子說(shuō)明，在我們自己無(wú)法完成一些事情的時(shí)候，朋友會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們，朋友就是伸出援助之手的人，我們可以向朋友尋求幫助，是有朋友的好處，G選項(xiàng)“友誼的好處就是會(huì)有一雙援助你的手”切合語(yǔ)境，概括了朋友的支持作用，引出具體例子。故選G項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】由上文“Agoodfriendisalsoanadviser,becauseourownpointsofviewtowardsthingsmaynotbealwaysright.(一個(gè)好朋友也是一個(gè)顧問(wèn)，因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)事情的觀點(diǎn)未必總是正確的。)”可知，因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)事情的觀點(diǎn)不總是正確的，朋友也會(huì)給我們建議，所以我們應(yīng)該向朋友尋求建議，C選項(xiàng)“因此，我們有必要向朋友尋求建議。”切合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】上文“Ofcourse,wecanmakefriendseverywhere.(當(dāng)然，我們可以在任何地方交朋友)”講任何地方都能交朋友，下文“Weareamongabignumberofboysandgirlsourownage,soitiseasytogettoknowoneanotherinashorttime.(我們和許多同齡的男孩和女孩在一起，所以很容易在短時(shí)間內(nèi)相互了解)”強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)地方同齡人多且易于交友，E選項(xiàng)“不過(guò)，最好的地方是學(xué)校。”切合語(yǔ)境，與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，突出學(xué)校交友的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選E項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】總結(jié)上文“Atthesametime,weshouldavoidbadfriends,becausetheyalwaysdoharmtousandmoreover,theyaredangeroustothepeoplearound.Worsestill,theydestroyourfriendshipwithgoodfriends.(同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該避免壞朋友，因?yàn)樗麄兛偸菍?duì)我們有害，而且對(duì)周?chē)娜艘埠芪ｋU(xiǎn)。更糟糕的是，他們破壞了我們與好朋友的友誼)”可知，交壞朋友對(duì)我們有很多壞處，所以作者建議我們不要交壞朋友，空處承接上文得出結(jié)論：結(jié)識(shí)壞朋友將是一件糟糕的事情，A選項(xiàng)“的確，結(jié)識(shí)壞朋友是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。”切合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IwastravelingonanovernightbusinMaharashtra.Thebuswasmorethanpacked;all55____21____weretakenandthereweresome20peoplestandingintheaisle(走道).Theairinsidewashotandfilledwithstrange,unpleasantsmells.Thehotday____22____thedisfortofthe10hourjourneyontheroughandrockyroad.BecauseIwastravelingonastudentpass,Icouldnotdemanda(n)____23____seat.Ihadnooptionbuttostand—quite____24____.Afteraroundtwolonghours,Iwasmorethantiredandbored.Ikepttryingto____25____myself,shiftingmybodyweightfromonelegtotheothertomanagethedisfort.Isuddenlyfeltasofthand____26____myback.Turningaround,Ifoundamiddleagedmanwithakindsmilelookingupatme.He____27____upandsaidIcouldtakehisseatforsometime.Iwaspleasantlysurprisedandimmediately____28____hisoffer.After20minutes,Isignaledhimtotakebackhisseat.Aman,whowassittingbythewindowontheothersideofthebus,hadobserved(觀察)our____29____.Justthen,somethingmagicalhappened.Ourobserver____30____stoodupandofferedhisseattoanotherstandingman.Thisgameofseatsharing____31____throughthebusand,beforelong,almostallthestandersgotachancetobeseated.Peopleevenstartedchattingwitheachotherwhileexchanging____32____,andsoonbegansharingjokesandsinging.Therestofthejourneywasquiteenjoyable.Thebusreacheditsdestinationintheearlymorning.Thegroupsquickly____33____andwenttheirway.Butthis____34____experiencehasstayedwithmeevenafteralltheseyears.Itrevealed(揭示)tomeanimportantfactthatwecanall____35____whatwehave,includingourdifficulties,andhelpourcopassengersinthisjourneycalledlife.21A.people B.space C.seats D.books22.A.addedto B.belongedto C.referredto D.turnedto23.A.convenient B.large C.reserved D.expensive24.A.freely B.unfortably C.pleasantly D.strangely25.A.balance B.enjoy C.help D.calm26.A.touching B.hitting C.pointing D.typing27.A.ran B.put C.jumped D.stood28.A.admired B.refused C.accepted D.reported29.A.appointment B.munication C.exchange D.deal30.A.excitedly B.especially C.properly D.voluntarily31.A.got B.saw C.spread D.went32.A.opinions B.cards C.positions D.addresses33.A.separated B.broke C.organized D.escaped34.A.unforgettable B.practical C.enjoyable D.responsible35.A.get B.value C.recognize D.share【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.B25.A26.A27.D28.C29.C30.D31.C32.C33.A34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，作者通過(guò)公交車(chē)上乘客之間互相讓座的經(jīng)歷明白了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：我們都可以分享我們的所有，包括分享我們的負(fù)擔(dān)，并且?guī)椭c我們?cè)谶@個(gè)稱(chēng)為人生的旅程中一同前行的人。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：公共汽車(chē)上擠滿(mǎn)了人；55個(gè)座位全部被占滿(mǎn)，有20多人站在過(guò)道上。A.people人們；B.space空間；C.seats座位；D.books書(shū)。根據(jù)“morethanpacked”以及“thereweresome20peoplestandingintheaisle(走道)”可知，所有的座位都被占滿(mǎn)了，故選C。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：炎熱的天氣增加了在崎嶇不平的道路上行駛10個(gè)小時(shí)的不適感。A.addedto增加；B.belongedto屬于；C.referredto提到；D.turnedto求助于。上文“Theairinsidewashotandfilledwithstrange,unpleasantsmells.”提到車(chē)?yán)锖軣幔瑲馕峨y聞，此處指炎熱的天氣使旅途更加不舒服，故選A。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲沂怯脤W(xué)生通行證旅行的，所以我不能要求預(yù)留座位。A.convenient方便的；B.large大的；C.reserved預(yù)留的；D.expensive昂貴的。根據(jù)“BecauseIwastravelingonastudentpass”可知，作者是用學(xué)生證買(mǎi)的票，不能要求預(yù)留座位，故選C。【24題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我別無(wú)選擇，只能站著——很不舒服。A.freely自由地；B.unfortably不舒服地；C.pleasantly高興地；D.strangely奇怪地。根據(jù)上文描述的內(nèi)容以及“Ihadnooptionbuttostand”可知，天氣炎熱，車(chē)內(nèi)擁擠不堪，作者只能站著，所以很不舒服，故選B。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直努力保持平衡，把身體重心從一條腿移到另一條腿上，以控制這種不適。A.balance（使）平衡；B.enjoy喜歡，享受；C.help幫助；D.calm（使）冷靜。根據(jù)“shiftingmybodyweightfromonelegtotheothertomanagethedisfort”可知，作者兩條腿輪流承擔(dān)身體的重量來(lái)保持平衡，故選A。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我突然感到一只柔軟的手觸碰我的背。A.touching觸摸，接觸；B.hitting打，擊中；C.pointing指向；D.typing打字。根據(jù)“asofthand”及語(yǔ)境可知，那名中年男子是善意地讓作者坐一會(huì)，故應(yīng)是輕觸作者的背部，故選A。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他站起來(lái)，說(shuō)我可以坐他的座位一會(huì)兒。A.ran跑步；B.put放置；C.jumped跳；D.stood站立。根據(jù)“Icouldtakehisseatforsometime”可知，他站起來(lái)，讓作者坐他的座位，故選D。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我又驚又喜，立即接受了他的邀請(qǐng)。A.admired欣賞，欽佩；B.refused拒絕；C.accepted接受；D.reported報(bào)道。下文“After20minutes,Isignaledhimtotakebackhisseat.”提到20分鐘后作者把座位還給他，故作者接受了他的提議，坐了他的座位，故選C。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：坐在汽車(chē)另一邊靠窗的一個(gè)男人看到了我們的交換。A.appointment約會(huì)，預(yù)約；B.munication交流；C.exchange交換；D.deal交易。上文提到中年男子讓作者坐自己的座位，作者坐了一會(huì)后又還給他，故此處指“交換座位”，下文“whileexchanging____12____,”也有提示，故選C。【30題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的觀察員自愿站起來(lái)，把座位讓給另一個(gè)站著的人。A.excitedly興奮地，激動(dòng)地；B.especially尤其；C.properly適當(dāng)?shù)兀籇.voluntarily自愿地。根據(jù)“offeredhisseattoanotherstandingman”可知，這名男子自愿站起來(lái)，主動(dòng)讓座，故選D。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這種分享座位的游戲在車(chē)上蔓延開(kāi)來(lái)，沒(méi)過(guò)多久，幾乎所有站著的人都有機(jī)會(huì)坐上了座位。A.got得到；B.saw看見(jiàn)；C.spread傳播；D.went走。根據(jù)下文“beforelong,almostallthestandersgotachancetobeseated”可知，大家紛紛效仿這樣的行為，故此處指讓座的行為傳遍了整輛車(chē)，故選C。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們甚至開(kāi)始在交換位置時(shí)互相聊天，很快就開(kāi)始分享笑話(huà)和唱歌。A.opinions觀點(diǎn)；B.cards卡片；C.positions位置；D.addresses地址。根據(jù)上文“seatsharing”可知，人們是交換位置，故選C。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩組人很快分開(kāi)，各自走了。A.separated分開(kāi)；B.broke打破；C.organized組織；D.escaped逃跑。根據(jù)“wenttheirway”可知，車(chē)輛到達(dá)目的地，人們分開(kāi)，各自趕路，故選A。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但即使過(guò)了這么多年，這段難忘的經(jīng)歷也一直伴隨著我。A.unforgettable難忘的；B.practical實(shí)際的；C.enjoyable令人愉快的；D.responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的。根據(jù)“stayedwithmeevenafteralltheseyears”可知，這對(duì)作者是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷，故選A。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它向我揭示了一個(gè)重要的事實(shí)：我們都可以分享我們所擁有的，包括我們的困難，并在這段叫做生活的旅程中幫助我們的同伴。A.get得到；B.value珍惜；C.recognize認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；D.share分享。根據(jù)前文描述的交換位置和分享位置可知，此處指“我們可以分享我們所有的”，故選D。第II卷（非選擇題）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheChinesepancakejianbingandtheFrenchcrêpearemonintheirowncountry.___36___theyefromverydifferentculinarytraditions,theChinesepancakejianbingandtheFrenchcrêpesharemanysimilaritiesintermsoftheirthinandflexibletexture(柔韌的質(zhì)地),variousfillings,and___37___(popular)asaquickmeal.Often___38___(serve)foldedorrolledup,bothsnackscanbeenjoyed___39___anytime.___40___(origina