五年高考練

閱讀理解

主題語境：人與自然難易度：★:語篇類型：說明文建議用時：8

（2020課標全國III,D）

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthat

occurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基

因），theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfew

thousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingat

highaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEurope

havegainedamutation（突變）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchers

reportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.

Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedinto

betterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthe

hundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.They

havetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilt

housesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters.uTheyaresimplyastrangertothe

land,“saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwho

studiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandin

thePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvesting

shellfish.4tWeweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuch

longerthanuslocalislanders,^Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethem

actuallywalkingunderthesea.”

In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsatthe

UniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedif

centuriesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysical

characteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem."Itseemedlikethe

perfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,^saidDr.Ilardo.

Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelpthe

Bajaudive.

詞匯積累

revolution〃.進化

2.highland〃.高地，高原

3.altitude〃.海拔

4.digest艮消化

5.adaptation〃.適應

6.evolve比逐漸形成;進化

7.houseboat幾水上住宅

8.coastal4切.沿海的

9.spearfish比用魚又捕魚

lO.shellfish九水生有殼動物

11.characteristic〃.特征;特點

1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.

B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.

□.Significanceoffoodselection.

2.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.

B.Nearrivers.

C.Onthebeach.

D.Offthecoast.

3.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.

B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.

D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea

B.Highlanders*SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch

D.TheWorld'sBestDivers

答案全解全析

I.◎語篇解讀本文為說明文，主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內容

為人類生存、社會發展與環境的關系。文章通過列舉巴瑤人由于靠海

為生，逐漸變得擅長潛水的事實來說明人類的進化。本文側重于培養

學生的文化意識。

1.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:作者想通過第一段的例子告訴我們

什么？根據第一段第一句可知我們是進化的產物，而且不僅僅是發生

在數十億年前的進化。故選B（人類進化的新知識）。A:養牛者對環境

的適應;C:人類起源的新近發現;D:食物選擇的意義。

2.D細節理解題。本題題干意為:巴瑤人把他們的房子建在哪里？根

據第二段中的Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats...incoastal

waters.可知，巴瑤人把房子建在沿海水域。牧選擇D（鄰近海岸）。A:在

山谷里;B:在河邊;C:在海灘上。

3.C細節理解題。本題題干意為:為什么色輕的Jubilad。對巴瑤人感

到驚訝？由第三段中的Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstay

underwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders可知C選項（他們可以在

水下待很長時間）正確。A