高中物理《高中全程學習方略》2025版必修第二冊訓練案課時過程性評價必修第二冊單元形成性評價單元形成性評價單元形成性評價(一)Unit1(120分鐘150分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。Text1M:I’mafraidwe’llmisstheexpress.What’sthetimenow?W:①It’s9:15.Thereare10minutesleft.Let’shurry.1.Whattimedoestheexpressleave?A.At9:25.B.At9:50.C.At9:15.答案:AText2M:Let’sgoforanicewalkintothecountrythisafternoon.W:Icertainlycouldenjoytheexercise,②butI’veagreedtogowithAlicetobuysomeclothes.2.Wherewillthewomango?A.Totheshop. B.Tothecountry.C.ToAlice’shome.答案:AText3M:Ihaven’tseenyouintheschoolcanteenatlunchtimefordays.What’sup?W:Well,I’mtryinganewdiet.③Inadditiontobreakfastanddinner,I’veaddedtwosmallmeals,onearound10:00a.m.,andtheotheraround3:00p.m.3.Howmanymealsdoesthewomanhaveperday?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.答案:CText4M:Mom,wherearemygloves,mygreenones?W:Oh,aren’ttheyinyourcabinet,John?M:④No,thereisapairoforangeones.TheseareSusan’s.4.Whoseglovesareorange?A.Mom’s. B.John’s. C.Susan’s.答案:CText5M:WhatcanIdoforyou,Madam?W:⑤Ileftmyhandbaginyourrestaurantabouttenminutesago.M:Whatdoesyourhandbaglooklike?W:It’sanewbrownleathercase.Iboughtitjusttwodaysago.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inashop. B.Inarestaurant.C.Inapolicestation.答案:B第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。Text6M:⑥Hello,thisisCharlesRichardsfromChannel7News,andwe’redownhere,attheCityMall,interviewingpeopleonhowtheycelebratetheSpringFestival.Uh,hi,younglady,whatisyourname?W:HanMeimei.M:And,uh,HanMeimei,howdoyourfamilycelebratetheSpringFestival?W:Wegoskiing,andwegoovertomygrandparents’housetohavedinnerwiththem.M:AnddoyourfamilyeatanythingparticularfortheSpringFestival?W:⑦Dumplings...M:Oh,thatsoundsgreat.6.Whomightthemanbe?A.Awaiter. B.Anactor.C.Areporter.答案:C7.Howdothewoman’sfamilycelebratetheSpringFestival?A.Theyeatdumplings. B.Theygoskating.C.Theyholdagreatparty.答案:A聽第7段材料,回答第8～10題。Text7W:CanIhelpyou?M:Yeah,hi.⑧Thisisroom327.Ineedsomethingtoeat.I’mhungry.Isyourdiningroomstillopen?W:⑨I’msorry,sir.It’s11o’clocknow.Thediningroomclosedhalfanhourago.M:Oh,no,Ireallyoverslept.Well,doyouknowwhereIcangetsomedinner?W:JustcallRoomServiceatextension121.Youcanorderalightmealfromthem.They’llsendituptoyourroom.M:OK,thanks.⑩I’llgivethemacall.8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthehotel. B.Intheshop.C.Athome.答案:A9.Whattimedoesthediningroomclose?A.At11:30p.m. B.At11:00p.m.C.At10:30p.m.答案:C10.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Buysomethingtoeat.B.CallRoomService.C.Gotoarestaurant.答案:B聽第8段材料,回答第11～13題。Text8W:Hello,nicetomeetyou.MynameisJane.M:Nicetomeetyou,Jane.IamJohn.W:Whereareyoufrom?M:

?IwasborninBostonW:I’mfromWashington.M:Really?Whatisyourfavoritehobby?W:Ilikewatchingmovies.?IgotothecinemaonceortwiceeveryM:Oh,that’sreallyagoodwaytorelax.I’masportsfan.Ilikewatchingsoccergames,

?and11.Wherewasthemanborn?A.InBoston. B.InNewYork.C.InWashington.答案:A12.Howoftendoesthewomanwatchmovies?A.Everyday.B.Onceortwiceeveryweek.C.Onceortwiceeverymonth.答案:B13.Whatdoesthemanusuallydoinhisfreetime?A.Watchmovies.B.Watchsoccergames.C.Playbasketball.答案:C聽第9段材料,回答第14～17題。Text9W:So,Smith,howwasthebowlingmatch?M:Notbad.IwonthefirstonebutIlostthesecondone.W:Yeah.How’syourarmfeeling?M:Notbad.?MyhandsarealittletiredW:OK,so,areyougoingtogohomeandputsomeiceonit?M:No,Idon’tthinkso.?It’sreallyhotandIthink

?I’llgotothebartogetaW:Abeer.OK,actuallyassoonaswefinishthisI’llberightwithyou.Whyisbowlingsopopulardoyouthink?M:It’scheapandthat’sthemainreasonforit.Youcanspendasmuchtimehereasyouwant.That’swhatIlikeaboutit.Wecanjusttakeourtime.Andyoudon’tneedanyspecialskillstoplayit.Anybodycandoit.W:Yeah.Howlonghaveyoubeenbowling?M:Notlong.?MaybeI’veonlybeententofifteentimesinmywholeW:Oh,really?Well,youlookprettygoodforonlytentofifteentimes.M:Thanks.14.Whichpartoftheman’sbodydoeshefeelalittletired?A.Hisfeet. B.Hishands. C.Hisarms.答案:B15.What’stheweatherlike?A.Cool. B.Warm. C.Hot.答案:C16.Wherewillthemango?A.Tohishome. B.Tothebar.C.Totheoffice.答案:B17.Howmanytimeshasthemanplayedbowling?A.Fivetotentimes.B.Tentofifteentimes.C.Fifteentotwentytimes.答案:B聽第10段材料,回答第18～20題。Text10W:BeforeIgoonvacation,Ialwaysplanmytripverycarefully.

?Iusuallygoonlinetolookupallthenecessaryinformation,becauseIdon’ttrustthedescriptionsintheguidebooksorwhatthetravelagentstellme.Tobeginwith,Ilookuppossibledestinationsandcomparethemcarefullytoseewhichonebestsuitsmyneeds.ThenIcheckthecostoftravellingtothatparticularplace.IfI’mgoingbyplane,thenIhavetocomparepricesfordifferentairlinesinordertogetthecheapesttickets.IfI’mtravellingbytrain,thenIhavetolookintotrainpricesorspecialticketoffices.?Iseldomtravelbybus,becauseofthehighrateoftrafficaccidentsonthehighway.Ialsoneedtocheckhotels.Usually,

?Ichoosetostayatcheap18.Wheredoesthespeakergetinformationforhertrip?A.FromtheInternet. B.Fromtravelagents.C.Fromguidebooks.答案:A19.Whatpublictransportationdoesthespeakerseldomtake?A.Planes. B.Buses. C.Trains.答案:B20.Whatkindofhotelsdoesthespeakerusuallystayat?A.Hotelswithlowprices.B.Hotelsprovidingmeals.C.Hotelsnearsightseeingplaces.答案:A第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A(2023·廊坊高一檢測)TheBestCookingAppsSideChefSideChefisoneofthebestfoodrecipeappsanditmakeslearningeasyandfunatthesametime.Thisrecipebookapphasabuilt-inlibrarythatallowsbeginnersorexperiencedpeopletochoosefromover16,000recipes.FeaturesofSideChef:·Tryoutnewrecipesfromallaroundtheglobe.·Customize(定制)yourmealsaccordingtoyourneeds.·Purchaseyouringredientsdirectlyfromtheapp.ForksOverKnivesThenameofForksOverKnivescomesfromafilm.Ifyouarethinkingofeatingaplant-baseddiet,theappisrightforyou.ForksOverKniveshasover50leadingchefswhorecommendtherightrecipetoyou.FeaturesofForksOverKnives:·Over400recipesofplant-basedfood.·High-qualitypicturesofdishesthatwillmakeyouhungry.·Readarticlesonhealthydiets.TastyThisappisacookingcoachforpeoplewhodon’tknowhowtocook.Withastep-by-stepshortvideoguide,youcanlearnsomethingneweasily.FeaturesofTasty:·Stepbystepinstructionstomakerecipes.·Recipesuggestionsforeveryday,everyweek,ormajorholidays.·Saverecipesthatyoulikethemostandopenthemlatertocookyourmeal.AllrecipesDinnerSpinnerAllrecipesDinnerSpinnerisanappthathelpsyoufindarecipethatisperfectforyourskilllevel.YoucanchooseworldwidecookingstyleslikeAfrican,AsianandEuropean.FeaturesofAllrecipesDinnerSpinner:·Searchforavarietyofingredientstosatisfyyourtaste.·Explorefoodfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.·Shareyourfavoriterecipesandcookingtipswithpeopleallaroundtheglobe.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些有關烹飪的應用程序及其特色。21.Whichappisthemostsuitableforthosewhocan’tcook?A.SideChef.B.ForksOverKnives.C.Tasty.D.AllrecipesDinnerSpinner.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tasty”中第一句“Thisappisacookingcoachforpeoplewhodon’tknowhowtocook.”可知,Tasty這款應用程序是針對烹飪新手的。22.WhatisspecialaboutForksOverKnives?A.Ithasthelargestnumberofrecipes.B.Itcontainssomeinformationabouthealthyeating.C.Itcansaveyourfavoriterecipes.D.Itcangiveyousuggestionsabouteverydayrecipes.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“FeaturesofForksOverKnives”中第三句“Readarticlesonhealthydiets.”可知,該應用程序包括一些健康飲食的信息。23.WhatcanyoudoifyoudownloadAllrecipesDinnerSpinner?A.Buyingredientsfromallaroundtheworld.B.Trynewfoodmadebyprofessionalchefs.C.Learncookingtipsfromtheleadingchefs.D.Shareyourcookingideasonit.【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“FeaturesofAllrecipesDinnerSpinner”中第三句“Shareyourfavoriterecipesandcookingtipswithpeopleallaroundtheglobe.”可知,下載了這款應用程序,可以在上面與別人分享自己的烹飪想法。B(2024·四川高一檢測)Peoplewhosleeplessthansixhoursanightaremorelikelytodieearly,researchersintheUniversityofWarwickhavefoundinarecentstudy.Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight.Theresearcherspointedoutthatpreviousstudieshadshownthatthelackofsleepwasassociatedwithproblemslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.However,theresearchersalsofoundthatsleepingtoomuchwaslinkedtoanearlydeath.Thosewhosleptformorethanninehoursanightwere30%morelikelytodieearly,asanarticleinthelatestSleepsuggested.Thatdirectlycontradictsanotherpassageinthesamejournallastmonthsuggestingthatpeoplewhosleptfortenhoursorlongeranightweremorelikelytoliveto100.Thiswasthoughttobebecausepeoplewholivedintoextremeoldagewerehealthierandthereforesleptbetter.However,theauthorsofthelatestresearchcontradictedthisandsuggestedthatlongsleepwasasignofunderlyingillnessessuchasdepressionandlowlevelsofphysicalactivity.ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioattheUniversityofWarwicksaid,“Whileshortsleepmayrepresentacauseofill-health,longsleepisbelievedtorepresentmoreanindicatorofill-health.”Healsomentioned,“Modernsocietyhasseenagradualreductionintheaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkerssuggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours.Ontheotherhand,theworseningofourhealthisoftenaccompaniedbyanextensionofoursleepingtime.”“Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernightmaybegoodforhealth.However,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments,”ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioadded.【文本大意】本文是一篇說明文。華威大學的研究人員經(jīng)過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),每晚睡眠不足6小時的人死亡風險更大,每晚睡6至8小時最合適,而每晚10小時或更長時間的長睡眠則被認為更能代表健康不良的一個指標。24.WhatdidresearchersintheUniversityofWarwickfind?A.Sixtoeighthours’sleepcanbeappropriateforpeople.B.Peopleatanoldagearehealthierbecausetheysleeplonger.C.Peoplewhosleeplessthan6hourseachnightdiebefore65.D.Sleepingformorethan9hoursanightdoesgoodtoone’shealth.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知,研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn),每晚睡眠不足6小時的人在65歲之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡6至8小時的人高出12%。由此可推出,每晚睡6至8小時是比較合適的。故選A項。25.WhatisProfessorFrancescoCappucciomostlikelytoagreewith?A.Howlongwesleepdependsonoureducation.B.Ourhealthbecomesworsebecausewesleepless.C.Modernpeoplesleeplessbecausetheyworklonger.D.Longsleepiswhatcausesourhealthproblems.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,ProfessorFrancescoCappuccio認為睡眠不足在全職工作者中更為常見,這可能是社會壓力導致的長時間工作造成的。故選C項。26.Whatdidtheresearchersthinkmayhelppeoplehavepropersleep?A.Socialpressure.B.Extensionofsleepingtime.C.Longerworkinghours.D.Changesofworkingenvironments.【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知,能否實現(xiàn)每晚睡6至8小時這個目標取決于環(huán)境的改變以及針對工作環(huán)境變化的公共衛(wèi)生措施等多種因素。由此可知,工作環(huán)境的改變是幫助人們獲得適當睡眠的方法之一。故選D項。27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TimetoSleepearlyB.HowLongShouldWeSleepC.TheImportanceofSleepD.LongerSleepMakesBetterHealth【解析】選B。標題歸納題。文章第一段點明研究結果:每晚睡眠不足6小時的人在65歲之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡6至8小時的人高出12%。下文針對這一研究結果,分析了導致這種結果的原因、解決方法等。故第一段是中心段,其余各段都以此為中心展開。故結合選項,B選項“我們應該睡多長時間”作為本文標題,與主題相符合。故選B項。C(2023·內(nèi)江高一檢測)Everyweek,WuLin,a19-year-oldcollegestudent,willwaitatastoresellingfoodnearingitsexpirationdate(保質(zhì)期),andreturntoschoolwithabagofsnacks.“Theseproductsareusuallysoldat30%to50%offandmanyofthemarefrombigbrands.I’mreallyabigfanofthem,”shesaid.WuisamongagrowingnumberofyoungChinesewhobuynear-expiredfood.AccordingtoareportbyiiMediaResearch,China’snear-expiredfoodmarketwentbeyond30billionyuanlastyearand47.8percentoftheconsumerswereaged26to35.Unlikethetraditionalthoughtthatbuyingsuchfoodispenny-pinchingorembarrassing,moreandmoreyoungpeoplelikeWuregarditasawaytohelpreducefoodwaste.“Idon’tcaremuchaboutthedate,aslongasIcaneatthembeforetheirexpirationdates.Itmeetsmyneedswhilesavingresourcesandprotectingtheenvironment,whichisagoodthing,”saysWu.Physicalstoressellingnear-expiredfoodhavesprungup(突然興起)incitiesacrossChina.HotMaxx,achainstorethatopenedin2020inmajorChinesecities,hasincreasedtomorethan200innumberacrossthecountry.Onlineshopssellingsuchfoodaregrowingrapidly,too.Onashoppingapp,around2.1millionpeoplebuynear-expiredfoodeveryyear.Fromafoodsafetystandpoint,whichmayconcernmanyconsumers,expertsbelievethatsuchproductswon’tdoanyharm.“Near-expiredfoodissafeandbuyingtheseproductsisagoodpracticetohelppreventwasteofresources,whichshouldbeencouraged,”saysZhouYu,aprofessoroffoodnutrition(營養(yǎng))andsafetyatAnhuiAgriculturalUniversity.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。年輕人現(xiàn)如今熱衷于這種消費模式:購買臨期食品。文章講述了購買臨期食品的優(yōu)點。28.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?A.Iamcrazyaboutsnacks.B.Ilikethisstoreverymuch.C.Ipreferbrandedproducts.D.I’mintobuyingnear-expiredfood.【解析】選D。句意猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中“Everyweek,WuLin,a19-year-oldcollegestudent,willwaitatastoresellingfoodnearingitsexpirationdate,andreturntoschoolwithabagofsnacks.”可推知,吳琳特別喜歡購買臨期的零食,因而畫線句是指“我喜歡購買臨期的食品”。29.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningthereportbyiiMediaResearch?A.Near-expiredfoodisverypopularwithallcustomers.B.Near-expiredfoodwasthebestsellerlastyear.C.Theyoungarethemainbuyersofsuchfood.D.Therewillbeabiggermarketforfood.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AccordingtoareportbyiiMediaResearch,China’snear-expiredfoodmarketwentbeyond30billionyuanlastyearand47.8percentoftheconsumerswereaged26to35.”可知,該報告表明:年輕人是臨期食品的主要消費群體。30.AccordingtoWu,whatarethebenefitsofbuyingnear-expiredfood?①Savingmoney.②Savingresources.③Protectingtheenvironment.④Encouragingthedevelopmentofstores.A.①②④B.①②③C.①③④D.②③④【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,購買臨期食品省錢,可以減少食物浪費,同時可以節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境。31.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Goodtaste,nowasteB.AsafershoppingchoiceC.Adviceonbuyingnear-expiredfoodD.Successofthenear-expiredfoodbusiness【解析】選A。標題歸納題。通讀全文可知,文章通過第一段中引用大學生吳琳購買臨期食品引入文章的話題,年輕人現(xiàn)如今熱衷于這種消費模式:購買臨期食品。進而在下文中提到購買臨期食品的優(yōu)點,因而文章的標題可以為“好品味,不浪費”。DScientistsinLondonsaytheyhavefoundthebestdietforbothhumansandtheplanet.Iftheworldfollowedtheso-called“planetaryhealth”diet,eachyearmorethan11millionearlydeathscouldbeprevented.Scientistssaythatthewayweproduceandeatfoodisverybadfortheplanet.Forthehealthoftheplanet,theyclaimthenewdietwouldreducegreenhousegasesandsavemoreland,waterandanimals.Thisnewfoodplanistheresultofathree-yearprojectorganizedbyTheLancet,ahealthjournal.Itincluded37expertsfrom16countries.TimLang,aprofessoratBritain’sUniversityofLondon,co-ledtheresearch.Hesaid,“Thefoodweeatandhowweproduceitdeterminethehealthofpeopleandtheplanet,andwearecurrentlygettingthisseriouslywrong.”Headdedthattheworld’spopulationwasexpectedtogrowto10billionby2050.“Ifwewanttofeedeveryone,”heexplained,“weallneedtochangewhatweeatandthewayweeatbyimprovingfoodproductionandreducingfoodwaste.”So,whatdoyoueatontheplanetaryhealthdiet?Thescientistswhocreatedthisdietsayitislargelyplant-basedbutstillhassmallamountsofdairy(奶制品),fishandmeat.Thedietcallsforcuttingredmeatandsugarby50percentanddoublingthenumberofnuts,fruit,vegetablesandbeans.Foodsituationsaroundtheworldarenotequal.Incertainareas,thiswouldmeangreatchanges.PeopleinNorthAmerica,forexample,eat6.5timestherecommendedamountofredmeat.Ontheotherhand,peopleinSouthAsiaeatonlyhalftheamountsuggestedbytheplanetaryhealthdiet.Thescientistsadmittheirgoalwillbedifficulttoachieve.Butforthemdoingnothingisalsonotanoption.Willetsaid,“Ifwecan’tquitemakeit,it’sbettertotryandgetascloseaswecan.”【文章大意】這是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了倫敦科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)的所謂的“行星健康”飲食方式,這對人類和地球都是最好的。32.Howwilltheplanetaryhealthdietsavemorelives?A.Byofferingenoughfoodtopeopleontheplanet.B.Bysavingmoreland,waterandanimals.C.Byhelpingtocontrolpopulationgrowth.D.Byimprovingfoodproductionandreducingfoodwaste.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Forthehealthoftheplanet,theyclaimthenewdietwouldreducegreenhousegasesandsavemoreland,waterandanimals.”可知,“行星健康”飲食將通過挽救更多的土地、水和動物來拯救更多的生命。故選B。33.Whichwillbeclosetotheplanetaryhealthdiet?A.Nuts,fish,milkandvegetables.B.Muchsugar,beans,fruitandmeat.C.Vegetables,nuts,meatandsugarydrinks.D.Redmeat,sugar,lessmilkandnuts.【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知,堅果、魚、牛奶和蔬菜更接近“行星健康”飲食。故選A。34.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.ThegrowingnumberofworldpopulationB.FoodsituationsaroundtheworldC.ReducinggreenhousegasesD.Healthydietconnectedwiththeplanet【解析】選D。標題歸納題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段可知,本文主要介紹的是倫敦科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)的所謂的“行星健康”飲食方式,這對人類和地球都是最好的,因此最適合的題目是D選項“Healthydietconnectedwiththeplanet”。故選D。35.Whereisthepassagetakenfrom?A.Travelbrochure. B.Artmagazine.C.Sciencereport. D.Shortstories.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹的是倫敦科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)的所謂的“行星健康”飲食方式,這對人類和地球都是最好的,因此可能來自科學報告。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(2023·北京高一檢測)Nowadaysavegetarian(素食的)lifestyleisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Keepingavegetariandietisoneofthebestthingswecando.36Awellplannedvegetariandietprovidesuswithallthenutrients(營養(yǎng)素)weneedandavoidsfat,cholesterol(膽固醇)foundinanimalflesh,eggs,anddairyfoods.Anditcanprovideprotectionagainstvariouskindsofdiseases,includingthethreebiggestkillers:heartdisease,cancer,andotherseriousdiseases.TheAmericanDieteticAssociationstatesthatvegetarianshavelowerratesofdeathfromheartdisease,lowerbloodcholesterollevels,lowerbloodpressureandlowerratesofhighbloodpressure.37Scientistshavealsofoundthatvegetarianshavestrongerimmunesystemsthantheirmeat-eatingfriends.38Vegetarianslive,onaverage,6to10yearslongerthanmeateaters.39Animalsraisedforfoodconsumethevastmajorityoftheircaloriessimplyinordertolive,justaswedo.Wefeedmorethan70percentofthegrainstofarmanimals.Soit’sreallyahugewaste,isn’tit?Tryyourbesttofindtipsonthehealthbenefitsofavegetariandiet.40

A.Growingallthecropsneededtofeedanimalsrequiresgreatamountsofwaterandland.B.Thismeansthattheyarelesslikelytobeaffectedbyeverydayillnessesliketheflu.C.Vegetariandietsaretheonlydietsthatworkforlongtermweightloss.D.Allofthesediseasesaremorelikelytohappentomeateaters.E.Healthyvegetariandietssupportalifetimeofgoodhealth.F.It’snevertoolatetoturnoveranewpage.G.Livingonplantsalsosavesenergy.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述的是當今社會越來越流行素食主義,介紹了素食的好處。36.【解析】選E。根據(jù)空后的“Awellplannedvegetariandietprovidesuswithallthenutrientsweneedandavoidsfat,cholesterolfoundinanimalflesh,eggs,anddairyfoods.”可知,精心規(guī)劃的素食能夠提供人體所需要的營養(yǎng),有益于人們的身體健康。空處的內(nèi)容應該是概括地指出,素食能夠保證人們的健康。故選E項“Healthyvegetariandietssupportalifetimeofgoodhealth.”與此對應。37.【解析】選D。根據(jù)空前的“TheAmericanDieteticAssociationstatesthatvegetarianshavelowerratesofdeath...lowerratesofhighbloodpressure.”可知,素食主義者有更低的患各種疾病的概率。D項“Allofthesediseasesaremorelikelytohappentomeateaters.”中的Allofthesediseases與前文中的各種疾病呼應。38.【解析】選B。根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知,素食主義者免疫系統(tǒng)更強,更少受到疾病的影響,才能平均壽命更長。B項“Thismeansthattheyarelesslikelytobeaffectedbyeverydayillnessesliketheflu.”中的This指代的就是前文的素食主義者的免疫系統(tǒng)更強這一點。故B項承接上文引起下文。39.【解析】選G。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知飼養(yǎng)動物并使其成為人類的食物來源是浪費資源的,而素食是可以節(jié)省資源的。故G項“Livingonplantsalsosavesenergy.”指出的是素食可以節(jié)省資源這一優(yōu)點,與下文呼應。40.【解析】選F。根據(jù)空前的“Tryyourbesttofindtipsonthehealthbenefitsofavegetariandiet.”可知,要盡力找到素食的好處。F選項“It’snevertoolatetoturnoveranewpage.”可知,F項作為結束句起到號召作用,呼吁大家采用素食的方法保持健康。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。(2023·重慶高一檢測)Fridaynightmeantafamilydinnerformeathome.Therewouldbediscussionsandlaughter.Evenso,I41thosemoments.Preparationsforthedinnerwouldbegin42thatday.Asbothmyparentsworked,sometimesIwouldbegiveninstructionsto43thechickenintheoven(烤箱)afterschool.Iwouldrepeatcesslikeacookingmachine.Theonly45wasmymother’schickensoup.Oncethedinnerwascooking,thetablewouldbe46—awhitelacecloth,thegoodchinaandnapkins.ThoughIfailedtoseeany47,Ihadtolightthecandleswithmymom.Yearslater,myfatherpassedaway,andthenmymotherinsistedongoingtoliveinacarehome.Iseemedtobetotally48fromtheboringtradition,butIdidn’tfeel49.Imissedthechickensoup.AlthoughIhaveherrecipe,I’veneveractually50thesoupmyself.Imissedthewarm-lightedcandles.Standingtogether,we’dmake51withourhandsaroundthelightedcandles,bringingthelightintoourhearts.That’swhyIaccepted52whenmyhusbandadvisedto53thetradition.Icanhelpwiththesoup.Ifthere’sonethingI’ve54,thesefamilytraditionsarereallyworthcherishingbeforethey55,fromthechickensouprecipestolightingcandles.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文,主要講的是作者家在星期五晚上有家庭聚餐的傳統(tǒng),起初作者覺得很無聊,在父親去世,母親住進養(yǎng)老院后,作者卻并不高興,作者懷念母親的雞湯,后來作者意識到這些家庭傳統(tǒng)在它們消失之前真的值得珍惜。41.A.remembered B.choseC.enjoyed D.hated【解析】選D。句意:即便如此,我還是討厭那些時刻。remembered記得;chose選擇;enjoyed喜歡;hated討厭。根據(jù)上文“Therewouldbediscussionsandlaughter.Evenso...”可知,句子表示“即便如此,我還是討厭那些時刻”。42.A.earlyB.lateC.alreadyD.again【解析】選A。句意:那天很早就開始準備晚餐了。early早地;late晚,遲;already已經(jīng);again再一次。根據(jù)下文“Asbothmyparentsworked,sometimesIwouldbegiveninstructionsto______thechickenintheovenafterschool.Iwouldrepeatthe______processlikeacookingmachine.”可知,準備過程很長,所以開始地很早。

43.A.kill B.get C.add D.count【解析】選B。句意:由于我的父母都要工作,有時放學后,他們會指導我把雞肉放進烤箱。kill殺死;get準備(飯菜);add增加;count數(shù)數(shù)。根據(jù)下文“thechickenintheovenafterschool”可知,句子表示“有時放學后,他們會指導我把雞肉放進烤箱”,空格處意為“準備(飯菜)”。44.A.natural B.formalC.dull D.creative【解析】選C。句意:我會像烹飪機器一樣重復這個枯燥的過程。natural自然的;formal正式的;dull枯燥無聊的;creative有創(chuàng)造性的。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ikeacookingmachine”可知,作者是像烹飪機器一樣重復這個枯燥的過程。45.A.tradition B.comfortC.upset D.course【解析】選B。句意:唯一的安慰是我媽媽的雞湯。tradition傳統(tǒng);comfort安慰;upset煩惱,困擾;course課程。根據(jù)下文“Imissedthechickensoup”可知,此處表示“唯一的安慰是我媽媽的雞湯”。46.A.elected B.turned C.dressed D.set【解析】選D。句意:晚飯一做好,餐具就擺好了。elected選舉;turned轉向;dressed穿衣;set擺放餐具。根據(jù)下文“awhitelacecloth,thegoodchinaandnapkins”可知,此處表示“晚飯一做好,餐具就擺好了”,空格處意為“擺放餐具”。47.A.point B.dishes C.food D.forks【解析】選A。句意:雖然我看不出有什么意義,但我不得不和媽媽一起點蠟燭。point意義;dishes菜;food食物;forks叉。根據(jù)上文“ThoughIfailedtoseeany”和下文“Ihadtolightthecandleswithmymom”可知,句子表示“雖然我看不出有什么意義,但我不得不和媽媽一起點蠟燭”。48.A.freed B.protectedC.recovered D.discouraged【解析】選A。句意:我似乎完全擺脫了無聊的傳統(tǒng),但我不高興。freed使解脫出來;protected保護;recovered恢復;discouraged使泄氣,使灰心。根據(jù)上文“myfatherpassedaway,andthenmymotherinsistedongoingtoliveinacarehome”可知,作者的父親去世了,母親堅持要住在養(yǎng)老院,所以作者好像擺脫了無聊的傳統(tǒng)。49.A.lost B.happyC.curious D.nervous【解析】選B。句意:我似乎完全擺脫了無聊的傳統(tǒng),但我不高興。lost迷失的;happy高興的;curious好奇的;nervous緊張的。根據(jù)下文“Imissedthechickensoup.”可知,作者并不高興。50.A.served B.stirred C.made D.poured【解析】選C。句意:雖然我有她的食譜,但我從來沒有自己做過湯。served服務;stirred攪拌;made制作;poured倒。根據(jù)下文“thesoupmyself”可知,作者從來沒有自己做過湯。51.A.fortunes B.efforts C.circles D.noises【解析】選C。句意:我們站在一起,用手繞著點燃的蠟燭,把光帶到我們的心里。fortunes好運;efforts努力;circles圓;noises噪聲。根據(jù)下文“withourhandsaroundthelightedcandles”可知,此處表示“我們站在一起,用手繞著點燃的蠟燭”,空格處意為“圓”。52.A.immediately B.generallyC.widely D.regretfully【解析】選A。句意:那就是為什么當我丈夫建議我繼承這個傳統(tǒng)時,我立即接受了。immediately立刻;generally一般地;widely普遍地,廣泛地;regretfully遺憾地。根據(jù)下文“thesefamilytraditionsarereallyworthcherishing”可知,當作者的丈夫建議繼承這個傳統(tǒng)時作者立刻接受了。53.A.throwaway B.gooverC.putaway D.takeover【解析】選D。throwaway扔掉;goover復習;putaway放好;takeover接收。根據(jù)下文“thesefamilytraditionsarereallyworthcherishing”可知,作者的丈夫建議作者繼承這個傳統(tǒng)時,作者立即接受了。54.A.controlled B.forgottenC.admitted D.learned【解析】選D。句意:如果說我學到了一件事,那就是這些家庭傳統(tǒng)在它們消失之前真的值得珍惜。controlled控制;forgotten忘記;admitted承認;learned學習。根據(jù)下文“thesefamilytraditionsarereallyworthcherishing”可知,這些家庭傳統(tǒng)在它們消失之前真的值得珍惜,這是作者所學到的。55.A.exist B.improveC.disappear D.continue【解析】選C。句意:如果說我學到了一件事,那就是這些家庭傳統(tǒng)在它們消失之前真的值得珍惜,從雞湯食譜到點蠟燭。exist存在;improve提高;disappear消失;continue繼續(xù)。根據(jù)上文“thesefamilytraditionsarereallyworthcherishingbeforethey______”可知,這些家庭傳統(tǒng)在它們消失之前真的值得珍惜。

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2023·包頭高一檢測)Youmayhaveheardaboutpotatocandy.Potatocandy56.__________(consider)tobeasweetfoodforthosewhocouldn’taffordmuchinthepast.Butmorepeoplenowfindpotatocandywonderfulinreality.

57.__________(actual),potatocandyiseasytomake.Boilapotatountilaforkwilleasilycutintoit.Thenplacethehotpotatoin58.__________bowlandremovethepotatoskinina59.__________(care)way.Aftermashing(把……搗成糊狀)thepotatowithhands,putsugarintothepotato.When60.__________(add)thesugar,youareadvised61._______(move)themashedpotatoaroundcontinually.Thenturnitoutontothetablecloth62._______