2025年全國碩士研究生考試《英語一》模擬試卷一[問答題]1.根據下面資料，回答46-50題??COVID-19packsitspunchlargelythroughuncertainty.If（江南博哥）theviruswerevisibletooureyes,wecouldhaveavoideditandconductedtherestofourbusinessasusual.It’snotonlythatwecannotseethevirusitself,butthatwealsodon’tseeitssymptomsinsomeofthepeoplewhomightinfectus.Andso,wetakesevereprecautions.(46)[Weavoidinteractionswithuninfectedpeoplewhoposenorisktous,andwerefrainfromactivitiesthatwouldhaveletoureconomyremainafloatandperhapsevencontinuetoprosper].Westayputwhenapoisonousinsectisnearby,simplybecausewecannotseeit.??InAlbertCamus’bookThePlague,alife-threateningdiseaseprovidesavividillustrationofourexistentialreality.Weknowthatwewilldieonedaybutcannotprepareforitsincewehavenowayofforecastingwhenitwillhappen.Existentialuncertaintiesextendbeyondourprivatelivesintothesocietalarena.??(47)[Onemightnaivelyassumethatfundamentaluncertaintiesinourlivesmerelyreflectlackofinformation;andthatbytracingthemissinginformation,wewouldbeabletoclearthefogoftheunknown].However,quantummechanics,whichlaysthefoundationforourphysicalreality,impliesthatthereisalimittotheclaritywecanhopetoachieve.??Thisimpliesthatevenifweretrieveallavailableinformationthroughaperfectexperiment,wewouldstillbeunabletoforecastthefutureoftheelectrondeterministically.Traditionally,ourlifewasshapedbymassiveobjects,suchasthecarwedrivein,forwhichHeisenberg’suncertaintyisentirelynegligible.(48)[Butwiththeadventofinformationtechnology,artificialintelligenceandquantumcomputing,thequantumworldmayendupshapingmedicaldecisionsinlifeanddeathsituations].Thebedrockofrealityisprobabilistic.Wecanonlyassignlikelihoodstodifferentoutcomes.??ContrarytoAlbertEinstein’slettertoMaxBornin1926,wenowknowthatnaturedoesplaysdice.ThereisalwayssomeprobabilitythatwemightdieafterbeinginfectedbyCOVID-19.ThoseattendingpoolpartieswithoutsocialdistancingplayRussianroulette.Mostofthemwillsurvive,butsomewilldie.??Ofcourse,medicalpreconditionscouldstronglyaffectrareoutcomeslikedeathfromCOVID-19.Eventsinreallifeoftenstemfromaconfluenceofmanycauses,makingthemdifficulttodecipher.Onlyunderspecialcircumstancesisitpossibletoidentifyunambiguouslythemaincauseofaphenomenon.(49)[Thisisthereasonbehindcontrolledscientificexperiments,whichoffertheopportunitytoisolateoneinfluenceatatimeinthequestforbetterunderstanding].??Whendataarescarce,theperceptionofthescientificcommunitycanchangeconsiderably.RecentRNAsequencingofvirusmutationsrevealedthatthepathofCOVID-19infectionsthroughouttheUnitedStateswasverydifferentthanpreviouslythought.??Butevenwhenalotofdataarecollected,ourabilitytocomprehenditstruemeaninglimitsthereliabilityofourforecast.TheMayancultureassembledavastamountofastronomicaldataovermanycenturiesandcorrelatedtheirskyimageswithhumanhistoryforthepoliticalbenefitofforecastingtheoutcomeofwars.Thecurrentpurposeofscienceistorelatecausestoeffectsinareproduciblefashionwithoutwishfulthinkingorprejudice.(50)[Astronomyeducatesusthatthemotionsofplanetsandstarshavenothingtodowithhumanactions,andgeneticsenlightensusthathumanabilitieshavenothingtodowithskincolor].正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：第（46）題本文節選自ScientificAmerican:LivingwithScientificUncertainty本文首段指出新冠肺炎的打擊主要來自不確定性。第二段引用阿爾貝·加繆的書《鼠疫》指出存在的不確定性已經超出了我們的私人生活，進入了社會舞臺。第三、四段指出即使我們通過一個完美的實驗檢索所有可獲得的信息，我們仍然無法確定地預測電子的未來。第五段指出自然確實存在不確定性。第六段指出醫療條件可能會嚴重影響罕見的結果。最后兩段指出即使收集了大量數據，我們理解其真實含義的能力也會限制我們預測的可靠性。本句由并列連詞and連接的兩個分句構成，and前的分句中包含一個who引導的定語從句，修飾uninfectedpeople，該定語從句不長，翻譯時前置即可，poseriskto意為“對……造成威脅”，uninfectedpeoplewhoposenoriskto即“不會對我們構成威脅的未感染者”；第二個分句中包含一個that引導的定語從句，修飾activities，該定語從句翻譯時可前置?！緟⒖甲g文】我們避免與不會對我們構成威脅的未感染者進行互動，并且我們避免開展會使我們的經濟持續發展甚至可能繼續繁榮的活動。第（47）題本句是主從復合句。并列連詞and連接的是兩個由that引導的賓語從句，作assume的賓語，分號前的句子中無疑難詞匯與表達，可直接順譯；介詞短語bytracing…為方式狀語，分號后的賓語從句同樣順譯即可?！緟⒖甲g文】有人可能天真地認為，我們生活中基本的不確定性只是反映了信息的匱乏；通過追蹤缺失的信息，我們將能夠清除未知的迷霧。第（48）題本句為簡單句，withtheadventof意為“隨著……的出現”，of后面為三個并列的成分；句子主干為thequantumworldmayendup…shape意為“形成；塑造，使成形”，此處與medicaldecisions構成動賓關系，可引申為“影響”。【參考譯文】但隨著信息技術、人工智能和量子計算的出現，量子世界可能最終會影響生與死的醫療決定。第（49）題本句為主從復合句，逗號前Thisisthereason為主句，behind…為狀語；which引導非限制性定語從句修飾experiments，翻譯時可以譯為“這些實驗……”，isolate在此處意為“單獨考慮”；inthequestfor意為“在尋求……的過程中”?！緟⒖甲g文】這就是受控科學實驗背后的原因，這些實驗在尋求更好的理解的過程中提供了一次單獨考慮一種影響的機會。第（50）題本句由并列連詞and連接的兩個分句構成，educate和enlighten本意相近，根據漢語表達習慣，可以同時翻譯為“告訴”，使得句式更加工整；havenothingtodowith意為“與……無關”?！緟⒖甲g文】天文學告訴我們行星和恒星的運動與人類的行為無關，遺傳學告訴我們人類的能力與膚色無關?！救膮⒖甲g文】新冠肺炎疫情的打擊主要來自不確定性。如果我們能看到病毒，我們就可以避開它，然后像往常一樣繼續我們的工作。我們不僅看不到病毒本身，而且在一些可能會傳染給我們的人身上看不到它的癥狀。因此，我們采取了嚴格的預防措施。我們避免與不會對我們構成威脅的未感染者進行互動，并且我們避免開展會使我們的經濟持續發展甚至可能繼續繁榮的活動。當有毒的昆蟲靠近時，我們待在原地不動，僅僅是因為我們看不見它。在阿爾貝·加繆所著的《鼠疫》一書中，一種危及生命的疾病生動地說明了我們的生存現狀。我們知道我們總有一天會死去，但我們無法為它做好準備，因為我們無法預測它何時會發生。存在的不確定性已經超出了我們的私人生活，進入了社會舞臺。有人可能天真地認為，我們生活中基本的不確定性只是反映了信息的匱乏；通過追蹤缺失的信息，我們將能夠清除未知的迷霧。然而，為我們的物理現實奠宗基礎的量子力學暗示，我們能夠希望達到的清晰度是有限的。這意味著，即使我們通過一個完美的實驗檢索所有可獲得的信息，我們仍然無法確切地預測電子的未來。傳統上，我們的生活是由巨大的物體塑造的，比如我們駕駛的汽車，在這一點上，海森堡的不確定性完全可以忽略不計。但隨著信息技術、人工智能和量子計算的出現，量子世界可能最終會影響生與死的醫療決定。現實的基礎是概率。我們只能給不同的結果分配可能性。與阿爾伯特‘愛因斯坦在1926年給馬克斯·玻恩的信相反，我們現在知道自然確實在玩骰子。在感染新冠病毒后，我們總有可能死亡。那些沒有保持社交距離去參加泳池派對的人在玩俄羅斯輪盤賭。他們中的大多數將生存，但有些將死亡。當然，醫療條件可能會嚴重影響罕見的結果，如因新冠肺炎死亡。現實生活中的事件往往是由多種原因共同導致的，這使得它們很難被解讀。只有在特殊情況下，才有可能明確一種現象的主要致因。這就是受控科學實驗背后的原因，這些實驗在尋求更好的理解的過程中提供了一次單獨考慮一種影響的機會。當數據稀缺時，科學界的看法可能會發生很大的變化。最近對病毒突變的RNA測序表明，整個美國的新冠肺炎感染途徑與以前所想的完全不同。但是，即使收集了大量數據，我們理解其真實含義的能力也會限制我們預測的可靠性?，斞盼幕跀祩€世紀里收集了大量的天文數據，并將他們的天空圖像與人類歷史聯系起來，以獲得預測戰爭結果的政治利益?？茖W的當前目的是將原因和結果以一種可再現的方式聯系起來，而不會產生一廂情愿的想法或偏見。天文學告訴我們行星和恒星的運動與人類的行為無關，遺傳學告訴我們人類的能力與膚色無關。[問答題]2.Directions:Writealettertothelocalnewspaper,commentingonthecurrentmovementof“trashclassification”andprovidingsomesuggestions.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Don’twritetheaddress.Don’tsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：DearSirorMadam,Iamalocalresidentandaloyalreaderofyournewspaper.Iwouldliketowriteacommentonthecurrenteventoftrashclassificationandoffersomesuggestions.Trashclassificationisindeedanenvironment-friendlyactionandhasafar-reachingimpactonoursocietyandourearthinthelongrun.Inpractice,however,theenforcementisnotsosatisfactory.Themostsignificantreasonisthatresidentsareconfusedabouthowtoclassifydifferentgarbage.So,mis-placedtrashesarenotuncommontosee.Torespondtothisproblem,weneedmoreconcreteinstructionsfromdepartmentsconcernedorthemedia.Besides,anonlineapplicationregardingthismaybeaneffectivemeansforpeople.Ihopemysuggestionswillbeusefulandwishourenvironmentcouldbeincreasinglypleasant.Yourssincerely,LiMing.[問答題]3.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考范文】Asisvividlydepictedinthepicture,aman,holdingaguninhishand,ischasingtworabbitsatthesametime.Andthecaptionbelowthepicturereads“thosewhochasetworabbitswillinevitablygetnothing.”Itisapparentthatthiscartoonhighlightstheimportanceofsettingupacorrectgoal.Goalsarecrucialtoaperson,sotosay,whatkindofgoalleadstowhatkindoflife.Withoutgoals,lifeisoftenmeaningless;withclear,long-termgoalsandconstanteffort,onecanliveasuccessfullife.Successfulpeoplehavevisionsofwhattheirlifeshouldbelikeandtheysetpropergoalstohelpthemrealizethevisions.Bysettingpropergoalsyoucantakecontrolofyourlife.Itislikehavingamaptoshowwhereyouwanttogo.Livingwithoutaproperaimislikesailingwithoutacompass,whichtellsusthatsettingapropergoalisextremelyimportantinlife.AsfarasIamconcerned,settingaproperaimisofespecialsignificancefortoday’sstudents.Whenstudentssetgoals,theylearntheimportanceoftakingresponsibility,minimizingexcusesandhelpingothers.Settingpropergoalsisalifelongskillthatfirsthelpsstudentssucceedinschoolandthenlaterinlife.正如圖中生動描繪的那樣，一個男人手里拿著槍，同時追趕兩只兔子。圖片下方的標題顯示為“追兩只兔子的人，難免一無所獲”。顯然，這幅漫畫突出了設定正確目標的重要性。目標對于一個人來說是至關重要的，可以說，有什么樣的目標就會有什么樣的生活。沒有目標，生活往往毫無意義；有了明確的、長期的目標和不斷的努力，一個人就可以獲得成功的人生。成功的人對他們的生活有自己的愿景，他們設定適當的目標來幫助他們實現這些愿景。通過設定適當的目標，你可以掌控自己的生活。這就像有一張地圖顯示你想去的地方。沒有目標的生活就像沒有羅盤的航行，這告訴我們在生活中設定正確的目標是極其重要的。在我看來，設定一個適當的目標對今天的學生來說尤為重要。當學生設定目標時，他們能了解承擔責任、減少借口和幫助他人的重要性。設定適當的目標是一項終身技能，它首先有助于學生在學校取得成功，然后在以后的生活中取得成功。共享題干題根據以下材料，回答1-20題。??Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral?1?

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay?2?

aformoflearning.??Thescientists?3?

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess?4?

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability.?5?

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,?6?

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.??Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother?7?

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial?8?

thiscanleadtomore?9?

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly?10?

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.??So,?11?,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile?12?

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe?13?

oflostinformation,butagrowing?14?

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis?15?

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.??Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories?16?

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical?17?

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto?18?

it.??Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting?19?

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly?20?

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[單選題]1.第1題答案是A.principleB.assumptionC.responseD.excuse正確答案：B參考解析：文章開頭先引出“遺忘”這一現象，并提出對原因的探究?？崭窬潆S即介紹一些科學家的看法：與“記憶只是隨著時間的推移而逐漸衰退”這個普遍的?1?相反，遺忘可能并非壞事?？梢姡崭窬湟庠谠茖W家的新觀點“遺忘并非壞事”，來反駁人們的普遍認識／假設／觀點，assumption通常指“（無證據的）假定；臆斷”，符合語境，選項B正確。??Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral?1?

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay?2?

aformoflearning.??Thescientists?3?

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess?4?

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability.?5?

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,?6?

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.??Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother?7?

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial?8?

thiscanleadtomore?9?

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly?10?

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.??So,?11?,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile?12?

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe?13?

oflostinformation,butagrowing?14?

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis?15?

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.??Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories?16?

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical?17?

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto?18?

it.??Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting?19?

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly?20?

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[單選題]2.第6題答案是A.prohibitingB.forcingC.remindingD.allowing正確答案：D參考解析：空格句指出：遺忘并非大腦故障，它可能是大腦的一種功能特征，?6?大腦（it回指thebrain）與環境動態互動。聯系上句“遺忘與環境反饋和可預測性有關”可知，空格句意在從大腦功能出發，解釋遺忘與環境之間的關系：使大腦與環境能夠動態互動。allow可表示“使可能；使能夠發生”，用于此處與后半部分構成現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，解釋說明遺忘的功能性(afunctionalfeature)，D項正確。??Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral?1?

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay?2?

aformoflearning.??Thescientists?3?

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess?4?

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability.?5?

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,?6?

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.??Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother?7?

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial?8?

thiscanleadtomore?9?

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly?10?

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.??So,?11?,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile?12?

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe?13?

oflostinformation,butagrowing?14?

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis?15?

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.??Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories?16?

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical?17?

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto?18?

it.??Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting?19?

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly?20?

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[單選題]3.第9題答案是A.flexibleB.informedC.volatileD.disruptive正確答案：A參考解析：空格所在從句介紹遺忘有益的原因：遺忘可以帶來更?9?行為和更好的決策。聯系句首狀語“在不斷變化的世界里”及常識可知，舊有記憶可能會使人們固守成規，難以適應世界的新變化；而遺忘一些記憶則可以幫助人們突破桎梏，帶來更加靈活、更具適應性的行為，以更好地適應世界的新變化，A項正確?！具x項辨析】B項有一定干擾，informed語義指向積極，但其內在含義為“對某事物有更多的了解，掌握更多的信息”，與此處forgettingsomememories恰好相悖。??Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral?1?

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay?2?

aformoflearning.??Thescientists?3?

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess?4?

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability.?5?

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,?6?

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.??Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother?7?

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial?8?

thiscanleadtomore?9?

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly?10?

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.??So,?11?,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile?12?

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe?13?

oflostinformation,butagrowing?14?

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis?15?

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.??Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories?16?

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical?17?

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto?18?

it.??Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting?19?

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly?20?

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[單選題]4.第8題答案是A.thoughB.asC.unlessD.until正確答案：B參考解析：空格所在句意為：在不斷變化的世界里，忘記一些記憶可能是有益的，?8?這可以帶來?9?行為和更好的決策?？梢姡崭袂耙鼋Y論（遺忘有益），空格后則論述理由（遺忘可優化決策），空格詞應傳遞因果關系，B項正確。??Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral?1?

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay?2?

aformoflearning.??Thescientists?3?

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess?4?

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability.?5?

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,?6?

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.??Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother?7?

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial?8?

thiscanleadtomore?9?

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly?10?

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.??So,?11?,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile?12?

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe?13?

oflostinformation,butagrowing?14?

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis?15?

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.??Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories?16?

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical?17?

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto?18?

it.??Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting?19?

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly?20?

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[單選題]5.第7題答案是A.nationalitiesB.organismsC.institutionsD.respondents正確答案：B參考解析：空格句指出：在一個不斷變化的世界里，比如我們和許多其他?7?所生活的當下，忘記一些記憶可能是有益的。由andmanyother可知，空格詞應與we并列，并且指向we的上義詞。而we此處實指“生活在當下世界里，每一個可能會忘記一些記憶的個體”，選項中唯有B項organisms能夠涵蓋we的具體所指，可視為we的上義詞，故正確。??Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral?1?

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay?2?

aformoflearning.??Thescientists?3?

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess?4?

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability.?5?

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,?6?

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.??Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother?7?

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial?8?

thiscanleadtomore?9?

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly?10?

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.??So,?11?,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile?12?

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe?13?

oflostinformation,butagrowing?14?

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis?15?

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.??Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories?16?

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical?17?

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto?18?

it.??Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting?19?

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly?20?

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[單選題]6.第5題答案是A.RegardlessofB.AsforC.RatherthanD.Asidefrom正確答案：C參考解析：空格句指出：?5?是一種故障，遺忘可能是大腦的一種功能特征，?6?與環境動態互動。聯系上文新舊觀點的對比“遺忘并非壞事VS遺忘是記憶的衰退”以及此處“afunctionalfeatureVSabug”的對比可知，空格句意在否定舊觀點(abug)，提出新觀點，故空格詞應用于引出對舊觀點的否定／拋棄／反駁，C項正確。??Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral?1?

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay?2?

aformoflearning.??Thescientists?3?

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess?4?

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability.?5?

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,?6?

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.??Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother?7?

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial?8?

thiscanleadtomore?9?

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly?10?

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.??So,?11?,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile?12?

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe?13?

oflostinformation,butagrowing?14?

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis?15?

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.??Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories?16?

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical?17?

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto?18?

it.??Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting?19?

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly?20?

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[單選題]7.第4題答案是A.specificB.traumaticC.workingD.distantB.D項代入文中分別指向“痛苦回憶”“遙遠回憶”，但通過全文可知，“遺忘”并不是由于某類記憶痛苦或間隔時間久。C項代入文中指“工作記憶”，這是一種對信息進行暫時加工和貯存的容量有限的記憶系統，顯然并非本文探討的對象。正確答案：A參考解析：空格句具體介紹新理論的相關觀點：我們獲取?4?記憶的能力的變化與環境反饋和可預測性有關。聯系首段“我們產生了很多記憶但其中許多(manyofthese)都忘記了”可知，空格句意在解釋一些記憶被遺忘（而另一些沒有被遺忘）的原因：環境反饋和可預測性會影響記憶的獲取，它會導致某個或某種特定的（如與環境無關的、與預測不相符的）記憶被遺忘”，空格詞應體現這一選擇性／偏向性，A項正確?！具x項辨析】??Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral?1?

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay?2?

aformoflearning.??Thescientists?3?

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess?4?

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability.?5?

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,?6?

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.??Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother?7?

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial?8?

thiscanleadtomore?9?

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly?10?

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.??So,?11?,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile?12?

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe?13?

oflostinformation,butagrowing?14?

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis?15?

alteredmemoryaccessratherthanmemoryloss.??Memoriesarestoredingroupsofneuronscalled“engramcells”andsuccessfulrecallofthesememories?16?

thereactivationofthesegroups.Thelogical?17?

ofthisisthatforgettingoccurswhenengramcellscannotbereactivated.Thememoriesthemselvesarestillthere,butifthespecificgroupscannotbeactivated,theycan’tberecalled.It’sasifthememoriesarestoredinasafebutyoucan’trememberthecodeto?18?

it.??Importantly,“naturalforgetting”isreversibleincertaincircumstances,andindiseasestatesthesenaturalforgetting?19?

arehijacked,whichresultsingreatly?20?

engramcellaccessibilityandpathologicalmemoryloss.[單選題]8.第3題答案是A.underB.aroundC.againstD.behind正確答案：D參考解析：空格句指出，科學家們?3?新理論認為，我們獲取?4?記憶的能力的變化與環境反饋和可預測性有關。聯系上文可知，空格后thenewtheory回指首段新觀點“遺忘并非壞事”，而空格前Thescientists的觀點“遺忘與環境反饋和可預測性有關（即記憶并非只是簡單地隨時間推移而衰退）”與首段新觀點一致，故Thescientists應指向新理論的支持者／倡導者，behind可用于表示“支持；贊成（人、觀點等）”，用于此處契合空格前后的邏輯關系，故正確。【選項辨析】B項有一定干擾，around雖也可表示一致關系，但其通常表示“根據某種需求、愿望、想法等組織某事”，如Ican’tarrangeeverythingaroundyourtimetable!我不可能事事都按著你的時刻表安排!??Wecreatecountlessmemoriesasweliveourlivesbutmanyoftheseweforget.Why?Countertothegeneral?1?

thatmemoriessimplydecaywithtime,“forgetting”mightnotbeabadthing—thatisaccordingtoscientistswhobelieveitmay?2?

aformoflearning.??Thescientists?3?

thenewtheorysuggestthatchangesinourabilitytoaccess?4?

memoriesarebasedonenvironmentalfeedbackandpredictability.?5?

beingabug,forgettingmaybeafunctionalfeatureofthebrain,?6?

ittointeractdynamicallywiththeenvironment.??Inachangingworldliketheoneweandmanyother?7?

livein,forgettingsomememoriescanbebeneficial?8?

thiscanleadtomore?9?

behaviourandbetterdecision-making.Ifmemories,weregainedincircumstancesthatarenotwholly?10?

tothecurrentenvironment,forgettingthemcanbeapositivechangethatimprovesourwellbeing.??So,?11?,thescientistsbelievewelearntoforgetsomememorieswhile?12?

othersthatareimportant.Forgettingofcoursecomesatthe?13?

oflostinformation,butagrowing?14?

ofresearchindicatesthat,atleastinsomecases,forgettingis?15?

alteredmemoryaccessratherthan