UNIT2MakingadifferenceSectionA

Startingout&Understandingideas課文結(jié)構(gòu)圖解Ⅰ閱讀理解（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案）1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.ACanadianboycollectedenoughmoneytodigawell.B.ACanadianboyhelpeddigawellforpeopleinUganda.C.ACanadianboytriedhisbesttomakehisdreamcometrue.D.ACanadianboymadetheworlddifferentbecauseofhisefforts.2.WhatinspiredRyantohelp?A.Histeacher’sintroduction. B.Thedirtywaterhefound.C.Theten-kilometredistance. D.Thedrinkingfountaininhisschool.課文預(yù)習(xí)自測(cè)○○3.Whatdoweknowabouttheboy’sefforts?A.Hebuiltawellwhenhisfirsttargetwasachieved.B.Hedidn’tgiveupandcollectenoughmoneybyhimself.C.HemadehisownstoryknowntothepublicthroughtheInternet.D.HiseffortspaidoffandhewenttoseethewellinpersoninUganda.4.WhatinfluencedidthevisittoUgandahaveonRyan?A.Ryan’scharacterchanged. B.Hebenefitedfromthelife-changingvisit.C.HewasdeterminedtohelpmoreAfricanpeople. D.Hechangedhisviewonhowtomakeadifference.

5.HowcanwedescribetheCanadianboy?A.Helpfulanddetermined. B.Joyfulandwarm-hearted.C.Hard-workingandgrateful. D.Delightedandgenerous.

○○○Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則完成短文）

Ryan，asix-year-oldCanadianschoolboy，hadtrouble1

（believe）whathisteachersaid.RyanlearnedthatsomeAfricanchildrenhadtowalktenkilometrestogetwater.Besides，thewaterwassodirty2

itmadethemsick.SoRyandecidedtohelp.Ryanwantedtoearnenoughmoneytobuildasinglewellby3

（clean）windowsanddoinggardening.4

，whenhereachedhisfirsttargetof$70，hewastolditcost$2，000tobuildawell.Buthedidn’tgiveup.Ryanpersuadedhisclassmatesandneighbours5

（donate）money.Andhismother’sfriendalsohelpedmakehisstorygopublic.Severalmonthslater，Ryanraisedenoughmoney，with6

awellwasbuiltnearaprimaryschoolinUganda.Thechildrenattheschoolweregratefultohimandinvitedhimtovisit.InUganda，Ryannotonlysawthewellwithhisown7

（eye），hewasalsowarmlywelcomedbythe8

（delight）students.Itwasthenthatherealisedhehadreallymade9

differenceforthosechildren.

Later，Ryan’sexperienceledhimtosetupafoundationtoencouragemorepeopletohelp.Today，thelife-changinggiftofcleanwater10

（benefit）800，000peoplein16countriesacrossAfrica.believing

that

cleaning

Howevertodonate

which

eyes

delighted

ahasbenefitedⅢ概要寫作閱讀課文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Onepossibleversion：

Ryancouldn’tbelievethatsomeAfricanchildrencouldn’tgetclean，safedrinkingwater.Hedecidedtohelpbyearningmoneytobuildasinglewellallbyhimself.Afterheknewthecosthepersuadedhisclassmatesandneighbourstohelp.AtlasthemanagedtoraiseenoughmoneyandbuildawellinUganda.Ryanwasinvitedtovisit，whichlaterledhimtosetupafoundationtoencouragemorepeopletohelp.核心詞匯教材原句p.13thecontributionthesepeoplemadetosociety這些人對(duì)社會(huì)做出的貢獻(xiàn)1contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；稿件搭配：makeacontribution/contributionsto為……做出貢獻(xiàn)Hereceivedaspecialawardforhiscontributiontothecommunity.他因?qū)ι鐓^(qū)做出的貢獻(xiàn)而獲得一個(gè)特別獎(jiǎng)。CharlieChaplinmadeagreatcontributiontosilentfilms.查理·卓別林對(duì)無(wú)聲電影做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。Allcontributionsfortheschoolmagazinemustbereceivedby1August.投給?？乃懈寮刂沟?月1日。【單詞積累】contributev.捐助，捐贈(zèng)，貢獻(xiàn)；投稿，撰稿；促成，造成 contributorn.捐款人；撰稿人contribute...to...為……貢獻(xiàn)/捐獻(xiàn)……contributeto...為……做出貢獻(xiàn)；向……捐款；促成，造成 題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）TheSongDynastycontributedthreegreatinventions

theworld.（2）Thegirlisintelligentandoftencontributes

thatnewspaper.（3）Hegotpromotedforhis

（contribute）tothecompany.（4）Thefamouswriterisoneofseveralauthors

（contribute）tothebook.完成句子（5）Eatingtoomuchandlackofexercise

（導(dǎo)致）hisbeingtoofat.（6）Everyoneofusshould

（為……做貢獻(xiàn)）oursociety.to

to

contributions

contributing

contributeto

makeacontribution/contributionsto教材原句p.13Theamountofreliefandcomfortexperiencedbythesickaftertheskinhasbeencarefullywashedanddried，isoneofthecommonestobservationsmadeatasickbed.在病人的皮膚被仔細(xì)地清洗和晾干之后，病人所感受到的放松和舒適是在病床上最常見的觀察之一。2reliefn.減輕，緩解；寬慰，寬心；救濟(jì)搭配:inrelief如釋重負(fù)，松了口氣 toone’srelief令某人欣慰的是muchtoone’srelief/toone’sgreatrelief令某人非常欣慰的是Itisarelieftodosth.做某事令人欣慰。 Whatarelief!終于放心了！

thereliefofsuffering痛苦的減輕

Ibreathedasighofrelief.我如釋重負(fù)地松了口氣。Muchtomyreliefthecarwasnotdamaged.令我非常慶幸的是車并沒有損壞。ItwassucharelieftohearthatMartawasfoundsafeandwell.聽到瑪爾塔安然無(wú)恙被找到，真是如釋重負(fù)。Ourorganisationisjustoneofmanycharitiesthatareprovidingreliefintheregion.我們的組織只是該地區(qū)提供救濟(jì)的眾多慈善機(jī)構(gòu)之一?！締卧~積累】relievev.解除，減輕 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Shesmiled

reliefaftersheheardhersonhadbeenadmittedtoTsinghuaUniversity.（2）—Don’tworry，Mum.Thedoctorsaiditwasonlytheflu.—What

relief!I’lltellDadthere’snothingserious.（3）Inawayitwasarelief

（know）exactlywhatwashappening.完成句子（4）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Withalltheproblemsresolved，hewenthome

（如釋重負(fù)）.（5）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

（讓她感到欣慰的是）heryoungerbrotherdidn’tletherdown.（6）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

（令人欣慰）toseehimpullhisweight.in

a

toknow

inrelief

ToherreliefItisarelief

教材原句p.14Freshwatershortage淡水短缺3shortagen.短缺，不足，缺乏搭配：Thereisa/noshortageofsth.缺乏/不缺某物。water/food/housingshortage用水/食物/住房短缺 theshortageofmoney缺錢Patientsweredyingbecauseofanacuteshortageofnurses.因?yàn)樽o(hù)理人員嚴(yán)重不足，患者生命垂危。There’sashortageoffoodandshelterintherefugeecamps.難民營(yíng)里缺少足夠的食物和住處?！練w納拓展】beshortof（=lack）缺乏，缺少（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）fallshortof缺乏；達(dá)不到；不符合（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作） beshortfor是……的縮寫/簡(jiǎn)稱inshort簡(jiǎn)言之，總而言之 forshort簡(jiǎn)稱，縮寫 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Itletmedownthatthescientificresearchhastostopbecauseofthe

（short）ofmoney.（2）BBCisshort

BritishBroadcastingCorporation.完成句子（3）Thegirl’snameisCatherine，Cathy

（簡(jiǎn)稱）.（4）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

（簡(jiǎn)言之），Ithinkweshouldpraisehimforhiscontributionstothecompany.（5）

（不缺）thingstodoinbigcities.shortage

for

forshort

Inshort

Thereisnoshortageof

教材原句p.14NowtickthesolutionsthatyouthinkaremosteffectivetosupplyAfricawithfreshwater.現(xiàn)在勾出你認(rèn)為最有效的為非洲提供淡水的解決方案。4effectiveadj.有效的，產(chǎn)生預(yù)期效果的 搭配：takeeffectivemeasurestodosth.采取有效措施做某事It’sanextremelyeffectivecureforaheadache.這種藥物治療頭痛極其有效。Yogaisaveryeffectivetechniqueforcombatingstress.瑜伽是一種非常有效的緩解壓力的方法。She’saveryeffectiveteacher.她課教得非常好。【單詞積累】effectn.影響，后果haveaneffecton對(duì)……有影響effectivelyadv.有效地 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thelocalgovernmenthastaken

（effect）measurestoresolvetheproblem. （2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Itisbelievedthatsmilinghasapositiveeffect

apatient’srecovery.（3）Servicesneedtobemore

（effective）organisedthantheyareatpresent.完成句子（4）Heavysmoking

（對(duì)……有害）hishealth.effective

on

effectively

hasabadeffecton

教材原句p.14Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthedrinkingfountain.他的目光掠過教室，望向?qū)γ娴膰娙斤嬎鳌?lookacross眺望，展望Whenwelookacrossafieldwelookintospace.當(dāng)我們眺望田野時(shí)，我們把目光投向太空。Ithinkthereisabigopportunitytolookacrosstheworld.縱觀全球，我認(rèn)為有一個(gè)巨大的機(jī)遇。Theylookedacrosstheroomateachother.他們?cè)诜块g的兩頭彼此望著?！驹~語(yǔ)辨析】lookacross，lookover與lookthrough

【歸納拓展】lookfor尋找 lookforwardto期待，盼望 lookinto向里看；調(diào)查lookup查閱；抬頭向上看 lookbackon回憶，回顧 lookafter照料，照顧lookaround/round環(huán)顧；參觀 lookdownon/upon輕視，瞧不起lookout（=watchout）小心，當(dāng)心 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Ihavebeenlookingforward

hearingfromyou.（2）Don’talwayslook

thenewwordsinthedictionary.（3）WhenIlookedback

thosedays，Ifeltunhappy.（4）Shethinkstheylookdown

herbecauseshedoesn’thaveajob.（5）Onaclearday，hecanlook

theBeringSeatoRussia，only36milesaway.完成句子（6）

（眺望）thesquareandyouwillseeastatuestandingthere.（7）I

（瀏覽）today’snewspaperbutdidn’tfindanythingspecial.（8）Thecauseofthefireisbeing

（調(diào)查）.to

up

on

on/upon

across

Lookacrosslookedthrough

lookedinto

教材原句p.14Atfirst，hisplanwastoearnmoneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.起初，他的計(jì)劃是掙些錢在非洲挖一口井。6earnv.掙（錢）；獲得，贏得，博得搭配:earnmoney（=makemoney）賺錢，掙錢 earnone’s/aliving（=makealiving）謀生earnfame/areputation贏得名聲 earnsb.sth.為某人贏得某物earnone’srespect=earntherespectofsb.贏得某人的尊敬Thesedancerscanearnanythingbetween￡20and￡30foreachsession.這些舞蹈演員每場(chǎng)演出的收入在20至30英鎊之間。Companiesmustearnareputationforhonesty.公司必須贏得誠(chéng)信的聲譽(yù)。Ithinkthat’swhatearnedhimtheadmirationofothercompetitors.我認(rèn)為正是那一點(diǎn)為他贏得了來自對(duì)手的贊譽(yù)。完成句子（1）

（謀生）ishardforthelittleboy.（2）Youdon’t

（掙大錢）beingateacher，butitisagreatcareer.（3）Sheshowedgreatdevotiontoherworkand

（贏得了……的尊重）herfellowworkers.（4）Myteacher’skindness

（為他贏得了好名聲）.Earning/Makingaliving

earn/makemuchmoneyearnedtherespectof

earnedhimagoodreputation 教材原句p.15Hestartedtoaskforhelpfromhisclassmatesandneighboursandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.他開始向他的同學(xué)和鄰居求助，勸說他們捐款。7donatev.捐贈(zèng)，捐獻(xiàn)搭配：donate...to...把……捐贈(zèng)給……Everyyearwedonatemanybookstothechildrenintheremotemountainousarea.每年我們都捐贈(zèng)很多書給偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的孩子們。Thebossorganisedthestafftodonatemoneytothechildreninneed.老板組織全體員工為處在困難中的兒童募捐?！締卧~積累】donationn.捐獻(xiàn) donorn.捐獻(xiàn)者makeadonation/donations（to）（向……）捐贈(zèng)

單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Atthebadnews，manypeopleallovertheworlddonatedtheirmoney

the earthquake-hitarea.（2）［2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷］Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildren

（donate）less-usedthings，anditworked.完成句子（3）Iwassurprisedtolearnthathe

$100million

（向……捐獻(xiàn)……）theChildren’sHospital.Whatashock!to

todonate

madeadonationof/donatedto

教材原句p.15Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim.他還看到了幾百名學(xué)生興高采烈地迎接他。8turnout（大量）出席，參加；結(jié)果是，證明是；生產(chǎn)，制造搭配：Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果是……，證明是……Thousandsofpeopleturnedouttowelcomethemedicalteamhome.成千上萬(wàn)的人到場(chǎng)歡迎醫(yī)療隊(duì)回家。Aseventsturnedout，wewererighttohavedecidedtoleaveearly.結(jié)果證明，我們當(dāng)初決定早點(diǎn)兒離開是正確的。Thetruthturnedouttobestrangerthanwehadexpected.結(jié)果，真相比我們預(yù)期的更離奇。Itturnedoutthatwewerewrong.結(jié)果是我們錯(cuò)了。Thefactoryturnsout900carsaweek.這家工廠每周生產(chǎn)900輛汽車?！練w納拓展】turnup調(diào)大（音量）；出現(xiàn)turndown調(diào)?。ㄒ袅浚?；拒絕turnon打開 turnoff關(guān)上turnover翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn) turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于；翻到turnaround翻身，轉(zhuǎn)身 turninto（使）變成 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）［2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷］ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhenIwasachildturned

tobeveryusefullaterinmylife.（2）Tomhadtoturn

theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.（3）Wheneverweareintrouble，wecanturn

ourheadmasterforhelp.（4）Heturned

onthebedandcouldn’tfallasleep.（5）Hefinallyturned

atourgraduationceremonywithsomesouvenirsinhishands.完成句子（6）

（結(jié)果是）shehadknownhimwhentheywerechildren.out

down

to

over

up

Itturnedoutthat教材原句p.15Hereallyhadmadeadifferenceforthesechildren.他真的改變了這些孩子的生活。9makeadifference起作用，產(chǎn)生影響搭配:makeadifferenceto對(duì)……有影響/起作用makeabigdifference起很大的作用makesome/no/littledifference有些/沒有/幾乎沒有影響Itmakesnodifferencewhether...是否……沒有影響。（it作形式主語(yǔ)）

Iwanttoconcentrateonlearningfirstaidinthefuture，whichwillmakeabigdifferencetomylife.今后我想要專心學(xué)習(xí)急救常識(shí)，這將對(duì)我的人生產(chǎn)生很大影響。Itdoesn’tmakeanydifferencetomewhetheryoucomeornot.對(duì)我來說，你來不來都無(wú)所謂。Itmakesnodifferencewhereyouputtheplants—theywon’tgrowinthissoil.不管你把這些植物放在什么位置結(jié)果都一樣，它們?cè)谶@種土壤里成活不了。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Eatingabalanceddietcanreallymakea

（different）.（2）Asaresult，theseaairhasmadeadifference

herhealth.（3）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

makesnodifferencetomewhetherthemeasuresareeffectiveornot.完成句子（4）It

（對(duì)……有影響）yourqualityoflifeifyou’realwayslookingforwardtosomethingexcitingtohappen.（5）IamsohappythatthelittlekindnessIgavecan

（對(duì)……產(chǎn)生如此大的影響）hislife.difference

to

It

makesadifferencetomakesuchagreatdifferenceto教材原句p.15Hebrokeintoajoyfulsmile.他露出了高興的笑容。10breakinto突然……起來；強(qiáng)行闖入……搭配:breakintoasmile突然笑起來 breakintotears突然哭起來Then，breakingintoasmile，hesaid，“Ibroughtyousomething.”然后，他突然露出笑容，說道：“我給你帶了一樣?xùn)|西?！盨hewalkedquickly，occasionallybreakingintoarun.她快步走著，時(shí)而跑幾步。Herhousewasbrokenintolastweek.她家上個(gè)星期遭竊了?！練w納拓展】breakdown出故障；垮掉；失??；分解 breakup解散；破裂breakin破門而入；打斷談話 breakawayfrom脫離；逃脫breakthrough突破 breakout突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Abigfirebroke

lastnightanditscauseisbeinglookedinto.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Whentoldthebadnews，shebroke

tears. （3）Ourcarbroke

andwehadtopushitofftheroad.（4）Thebandbroke

about1970，buthappilytheyreunitedinthemid-1980s.（5）Whenhegothome，hefoundhishousebroken

.out

into

down

up

into

教材原句p.15Later，Ryan’sexperienceledhimtosetupafoundationtoencouragemorepeopletohelp.后來，這段經(jīng)歷促使瑞安建立了一個(gè)基金會(huì)，以鼓勵(lì)更多的人伸出援手。11setup建立，創(chuàng)立；建起，豎起；安裝，架設(shè)；策劃，安排Acommitteehasbeensetuptoorganisesocialeventsforthestudents.已經(jīng)成立了一個(gè)委員會(huì)來組織學(xué)生的社交活動(dòng)。Ineedoneortwopeopletohelpmesetuptheequipment.我需要一兩個(gè)人幫我安裝這臺(tái)設(shè)備。Weneedtosetupameetingtodiscusstheproposals.我們需要安排一次會(huì)議來討論這些建議。Weonlyhadacoupleofhourstosetupbeforetheexhibitionopened.展覽開始前，我們只有幾個(gè)小時(shí)來準(zhǔn)備展臺(tái)?！練w納拓展】setaboutdoingsth.開始/著手做某事

setouttodosth.開始/著手做某事setout（for）出發(fā)（去），動(dòng)身（去） setaside把……放到一旁；留出（錢或時(shí)間）setoff動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；使爆炸 setdown寫下，記下 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Weneedtoset

findingawaytodealwiththeproblem.（2）Theysucceededinwhattheyset

todo.（3）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hedecidedtoset

afoundationtoraisemoneyforthepoorchildrenfromthemountainvillages.（4）Shesets

abitofmoneyeverymonthforthefutureuse.完成句子（5）Aftergraduatingfromcollege，he

（創(chuàng)辦）hisownbusiness.（6）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ifwehad

（寫下）heraddress，wewouldn’thavehaddifficultyfindingherhouse.（7）Oneafternoonthesailors

（出發(fā)）fromthecoastinasmallboatandwerecaughtinastorm.about

out

up

aside

setup

setdown

setoff/out

教材原句p.15Today，over800，000peoplein16countriesacrossAfricahavebenefitedfromthelife-changinggiftofclean，safewater.今天，這份能改變?nèi)艘簧亩Y物——干凈衛(wèi)生的水——已經(jīng)惠及了非洲16個(gè)國(guó)家的80多萬(wàn)人。12benefitfrom從……中獲益Youwillbenefitfromreadingbooksintime.你遲早會(huì)從讀書中受益的。Hesubscribestotheviewthatchildrenbenefitfrombeingindependent.他贊同孩子們能從獨(dú)立中獲益這一觀點(diǎn)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【歸納拓展】（1）benefitv.受益，得益；有益于，有助于n.好處，益處benefitby/from得益于……，從……中受益 benefitsb./sth.對(duì)某人/某事有益beofbenefitto...對(duì)……有益 forthebenefitof...為了……的利益（2）beneficialadj.有益的，有用的，有利的 bebeneficialto對(duì)……有益Astayinthecountrywillbebeneficialtohishealth.在鄉(xiāng)下生活一段時(shí)間有利于他的健康。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Actually，thesebooksare

greatbenefittothestaff.（2）Everyonebenefited

limitingtheirintakeofteatojustthreeorfourcupsaday.（3）Walkoutdoorsregularly，forsunshineisbeneficial

everyone.一句多譯騎自行車既健康又環(huán)保。（4）Cycling

healthandtheenvironment.（5）Cycling

healthandtheenvironment.（6）Cycling

healthandtheenvironment.of

from/by

to

benefits

isofbenefitto

isbeneficialto 教材原句p.15Thisinsightgrewfromthedeterminedattitudeofasix-year-oldboywhohadthecourageandperseverancetomakehisdreamareality.這份領(lǐng)悟，始于一個(gè)有勇氣和毅力實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的六歲男孩那顆堅(jiān)定不移的心。13realityn.真實(shí)，現(xiàn)實(shí)搭配:makesth.areality使……成為現(xiàn)實(shí) becomeareality成為現(xiàn)實(shí)face/acceptreality面對(duì)/接受現(xiàn)實(shí) escapefromreality逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)inreality實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 Therealityisthat...實(shí)際情況是……However，thisrealityalsoworriedmydesigners.然而，這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)也使得我的設(shè)計(jì)者很擔(dān)心。Heescapedfromrealitybygoingtothecinemaeveryafternoon.他每天下午都去電影院看電影，借此來逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)。Inreality，violentcrimeisrareinthearea.實(shí)際上，暴力犯罪在這個(gè)地區(qū)很罕見?！練w納拓展】“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”的其他表達(dá)法：infact

inreality

inactualfact

intruth actually

asamatteroffact單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）

（real）isnotthewayyouwishthingstobe，northewaytheyappeartobe，butthewaytheyactuallyare.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Shehasnobodytorelyonnow.Shehastolearntoaccept

（real）andbeindependent.（3）Helookedveryconfidentandcalmduringthetest，but

realityhewasextremelynervous.完成句子（4）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Afteryearsofhardwork，hisdreamofsettinguphisfoundationhas____________

（成為現(xiàn)實(shí)）.（5）Anyideaof

（逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)）isfoolish.（6）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

（實(shí)際情況是）hedidn’tdonateanymoneytoanycharities.Reality

reality

in

becomeareality

escapingfromreality

Therealityisthat

重點(diǎn)句式教材原句p.13AllIcandoisrideatricycleandmakemoneyforthestudents...我所能做的就是騎三輪車為學(xué)生們賺錢……【句式分析】rideatricycleandmakemoneyforthestudents是省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作表語(yǔ)。1省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to通常保留。但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，或all，everything，thefirstthing等后接定語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，且從句謂語(yǔ)含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以省略to。Whatyouhavetodois（to）fillintheform.你所要做的是把表格填完。Allwehavetodois（to）studyhardatschool.我們要做的就是在學(xué)校努