2024—2025學(xué)年上海市同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高二12月測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷

一、語(yǔ)法填空(★★★★)語(yǔ)法填空TwoLanguagesBetterThanOnetoKeepMindYoungTwolanguagesarebetterthanonewhenitcomestokeepingthebrainyoung,CanadianresearchersreportedonMonday.Olderadultswhogrewupbilingualhadquickermindswhen1(test)thanpeoplewhospokeonlyonelanguage,theresearchersfound.Theyshowed2(little)ofthenaturaldeclineassociatedwithaging.ThetestsofpeoplewhogrewupspeakingEnglishandeitherTamilorFrenchsuggestedthathavingtojuggletwolanguageskeepsthebrainelasticand3helppreventsomeofthementalslowingcausedbyage.EllenBialystokofYorkUniversityandcolleaguessaidtheytested104monolingualandbilingualmiddle-agedadultsaged30to59and50olderadults.TheyusedatestcalledtheSimonTask,4(measure)reactiontimeforcognitivetasks,suchasrecognisingonwhichpartofacomputerscreenacolouredsquareappears.Bothyoungerandolderbilingualswerefasteronthetest,Bialystokreported.“Wecomparedgroupsofpeoplewho,5wecouldtell,areexactlythesame,”Bialystoksaidininterview.“Theyhaveallhadthesameamountofeducation.Theyallscoredexactlythesameoncognitivetests,memorytestsandEnglishvocabularytests.”Thedifferencewas6halfthepeoplegrewupwitheitherFrenchorTamilspokenathomeandEnglishoutside.Theyallspokebothlanguageseverydayfromchildhood.Peoplewhowereproficientinasecondlanguageacquiredinschool7(notinclude)inthestudytokeeptheeffectsclear.“It’snotafacility.It’snotatalent,”Bialystoksaid.Ratheritwasacaseof8(force)fromayoungagetofunctionintwolanguages.Bialystoksaidherearlierstudy9childrensuggestedthesecircumstancesforceachangeintheway10thebrainprocessesinformation.“Languageisalwaysgood—morelanguageisalwaysbetter,”shesaid.(★★★)11.________thenewmayorwilltakeofficehasn’tbeenmadepublicyet.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)(★★★)12.Itremainsunknown________thesesocialchangeshaveresultedindiversehouseholdpatterns.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)(★★★)13.Whatworriesthepatientis________themedicaltreatmentmighthavesideeffectsonhisdigestivesystem.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)(★★★)14.Someparentskeepcomplainingthat________theydoisfortheirkids’benefits,whichisalittleannoying.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)(★★★)15.JaneattendsOpportunitiesAcademy,aprogramforyoungadultswithdisabilities.Thiswas________theylearnedabouthowtocareaboutothers.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)二、選詞填空(★★★)選詞填空

A.dropB.affectC.awareD.differE.realityF.reveals

G.involvesH.brilliantI.recognizeJ.influenceK.continuousIsItPossibletoThinkAboutSomethingEvenIfThere’sNoWordforIt?Thoughpeoplethinkinlanguagemuchofthetime,itislikelythatpeoplethinkaboutsomethingeveniftheydon’thaveawordforit.Takecolors,forexample.Thereareaninfinitenumberofcolorsthatdon’tallhavetheirownnames.Ifyouhaveacanofredpaintandaddbluetoitveryslowly,each16willchangethecolorslightly,butthereisnoonemomentwhenitwillstopbeingredandbecomepurple.Thecolorspectrum(色譜)is17.Ourlanguage,however,isn’tcontinuous.Ourlanguagemakesusbreakthecolorspectrumupinto“red”,“purple”,andsoon.ThelanguageoftheDaniofNewGuinea18onlytwobasiccolorterms,onefor“dark”colors(includingblueandgreen)andonefor“l(fā)ight”colors(includingyellowandred).Theirlanguagebreaksupthecolorspectrumdifferentlyfromours.Butthatdoesn’tmeantheycan’tseethedifferencebetweenyellowandred;astudy19thattheycanseedifferentcolorsjustasEnglishspeakerscan.Soourlanguagedoesn’tforceustoseeonlywhatitgivesuswordsfor,butitcan20howweputthingsintogroups.Oneofthejobsofachildlearninglanguageisto21whichthingsarecalledbythesameword.Afterlearningthatthefamily’sSt.Bernardisadog,thechildmayseeacowandsaydog,thinkingthatthetwothingscountasthesame.Orthechildmaynotbe22thattheneighbor’schihuahuaalsocountsasadog.Thechildhastolearnwhatrangeofobjectsiscoveredbytheworddog.Welearntogroupthingsthataresimilarandgivethemthesamelabel,butwhatcountsasbeingsimilarenoughtofallunderasinglelabelmay23inlanguages.Inotherwords,the24oflanguageisn’tsomuchonwhatwecanthinkabout,orevenwhatwedothinkabout,butratheronhowwebreakup25intocategoriesandlabelthem.Andinthis,ourlanguageandourthoughtsareprobablybothgreatlyinfluencedbyourculture.三、翻譯(★★★)26.數(shù)世紀(jì)以來(lái)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)之一便是語(yǔ)言是否影響思維方式。（impact）(漢譯英)___________________________________________________________________________________(★★★★★)27.應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注瀕臨滅絕的語(yǔ)言，不然，這個(gè)地區(qū)的語(yǔ)言多樣性將會(huì)受到很大的威脅。（attention）(漢譯英)___________________________________________________________________________________(★★★★★)28.我們事先采取了很多預(yù)防性措施，結(jié)果，這個(gè)旅游目的地比我們預(yù)想中的要干凈和安全許多。（turnout）(漢譯英)___________________________________________________________________________________四、完形填空(★★★)Readersofthismagazineoftenwriteinsaying,“Ihavewrittenthisstory/book.Canyoupleasetellmewhotosenditto?”O(jiān)neofthefirstthingstheyneedtoknowisthattheyshouldbe________theirmarketsandfindingoutaboutpublishersaswellaspracticingtheirwritingskills.Turning________intosomethingsaleabletakesagooddealofknowledgeaboutthe“writinggame”.Whateverkindof________youdo,youneedtodevelopaknowledgeofthemarketsyouareaimingat.Thereareseveralwaysofdoingthis,butthebestoneissimplybyreadingeverythingrelevantyoucanlayyourhandson.Useyour—local________andgoroundthelocalbookshopsand—newsagents.Readingwidelywillalwaysgiveyouthebestguidetowhatkindsofwritingpublishersareactually________atanygiventime.Tobeginwithyoumaybelookingaround,notquite________whatyouwanttowrite.Letussayyoufeelthatyoumightliketowriteshortlovestories.Theveryfirstthingyoumustdoisfindoutwhichmagazinesuselovestoriesandgetholdofasmanyrecent________asyoucan.Thenfamiliariseyourselfwiththekindofstoriestheyarebuying,takingspecialnoteofwhothereadersare.Thesereaderswillexpectdifferentthingsfromtheirmagazine,andtheeditorisonlyinterestedinmeetingtheirneeds.Theproblemisthatmost________writersaretooeagertosendtheirworkout,usuallylongbeforetheyarereadytoenterthemarket.Ifyouhaveonlywrittenonestoryoronearticle,itisnotatalllikelytobe________.Thatalmostneverhappens.Whenyoureadaboutso-called“________”,youusuallyfindthatthepersonhasbeeninthepublishingtradeorjournalismforsomeyearsbeforetheircurrentsuccess.Whenyoudofinallysendoffsomeofyourworkforthefirsttime,immediatelygetonwithmoreworkwhileyou________areply;writetenmorestories,twentyeven.Eachonewillbebetterthanthelastandyouwillbegintothinkofyourselfasawriter,andbothyourfluencyandyourconfidencewillgrow.Don’ttearanyofthemup—improvetheminstead.AlsoIwouldadvisenotshowingyourworktoanyoneelse,________intheearly-stages.Don’tforgetthateverysuccessfulwriterwillhavehadmany________beforesucceeding.Doeverythingyoucanto________yourcareerasawriter.Seewhetherthere’sacreativewritingcoursenearyou.Ifnot,tryjoiningalocalwriters’groupwhichwillhelpyoutogainideasandconfidencefrom________withotherinspiringwriters.Thinkofyourselfasawriterandgetthatwritingpracticein-everydayifpossible.29.A．choosingB．establishingC．controllingD．researching30.A．magazinesB．wordsC．tipsD．markets31.A．writingB．editingC．publishingD．searching32.A．hospitalB．supermarketC．libraryD．school33.A．a(chǎn)cceptingB．creatingC．teachingD．revising34.A．interestedinB．worriedaboutC．satisfiedwithD．sureof35.A．studiesB．copiesC．eventsD．efforts36.A．newB．goodC．famousD．productive37.A．finishedB．readC．publishedD．summarized38.A．promisingarticlesB．honouredwritersC．differentversionD．overnightsuccess39.A．missB．a(chǎn)waitC．produceD．receive40.A．rarelyB．luckilyC．certainlyD．consequently41.A．rejectionsB．solutionsC．choicesD．techniques42.A．manageB．a(chǎn)ffectC．changeD．a(chǎn)dvance43.A．competingB．mixingC．quarrelingD．a(chǎn)greeing五、閱讀理解(★★★★)ArePrintedBooksFatedtoDie?Nowadays,thesalesofprintedbookshavedecreasedinalmostallmarketsacrosstheworld,whileonthecontrary,thesalesofdigitalbookshavesoared.44Areprintedbooksdead?No!Itisn’ttrueatall.Readinghasalwaysbeenextremelypersonal.Thereisnoendtotherangeofpreferences,andinmanywaysthedigitalrevolutionhasaddedonemorechoicetothereaders.Ofcourse,wecan’tdenythatdigitalbookshaveobviousadvantages.45Inotherwords,ifyoufeelastrongurgetoreadWarandPeaceonyourwaytowork,youwouldbewisetocarryitinitsslimdigitalversion.Andwiththeimprovementofdigitalbooks,youcannowmarkyourfavouritequoteseasily,andsearchforoccurrencesofwordsorphrasesinawayyouwouldneverdowithaprinted