年八上寒假——八上要點復習+非謂語動詞語法復習（3）一．考點拓展考點1while的用法Whileshewasfalling,shewasthinkingabouthercat,Dinah.當她往下墜落時，她在想她的貓，黛娜。while和when都可以引導時間狀語從句。when引導的時間狀語從句既可以指時間點，又可以指時間段，其謂語既可以用延續(xù)性動詞，也可以用非延續(xù)性動詞。1．WhileI______________（write）,theteachercamein.2．WhileI________________（watch）TV,myfather______________（read）anewspaperatthesametime.3．你喜歡數(shù)學，而我更喜歡英語。__________________________________________________4．昨晚，當我正在寫日記時，我的姐姐正在讀書。（while）________________________________________________________________________________5．當我回家時，我的媽媽正在做飯。（when）______________________________________________________________1．waswriting 2．waswatching；wasreading3．Youlikemath,whileIpreferEnglish.4．Lastnight,whileIwaswritingadiary,mysisterwasreadingabook.5．MymotherwascookingwhenIreturned/gothome.考點2prepare的用法I'mpreparingareportcalled“Theworld'spopulation”.我正在準備一篇叫作《世界人口》的報告。1．我正準備離開。（preparetodosth.）______________________________2.TomanyChinesepeople,theprocessof____________（prepare）theSpringFestivaldinnertogetherismoreimportantthanthedinneritself.3.Someparents________________（prepare）almosteverythingfortheirchildrensincetheywereborn.1.I'mpreparingtoleave.2.preparing3.haveprepared考點3stop的用法Itwasn'tgoingfast,butitdidn'tstop.它雖然速度不快，但沒有停下。1.Myfatherwassurprisedatmyattitude.Atoncehe________（stop）whathewasdoingtotalktome.2.Thegreen-coloredavocado（牛油果）toastforbreakfastbecomesmanyyouths'favorite.Theyjustcan'tstop________（eat）it.1.stopped2.eating考點4fall的用法Alicefolloweditandfelldownaholeintheground.愛麗絲跟在它的后面，掉進一個地洞里。1.—What'sthematterwithyou,Tony?—Ifell______mybikeandhurtmylegs.A．of B．off C．from D．down2.Thefirstyearhadgonesmoothly.Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedto______behind.A．walk B．fall C．step D．move1．B2．B考點5too...to...句型的用法Itwastoodarkforhertoseeanything.里面太暗，她什么也看不見。1.Hewastoo________________（disappoint）tofeelanything.2.Nomatterwhereyouare,whatyou'vedone,andhowyoufeelaboutyourself,it'snever____latetostart.1．disappointed2．too一、用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．Ifpeopleuselesswaterandplantmoretrees,Ibelievetherewillbeless____________（pollute）.2．After________（hear）this,theemperorimmediately____（set）thefamilyfree.Fromthenon,peoplebegantopastethecharacterFuupsidedownforthepurposeofhopingforluckandhonoringEmpressMa.3．Onthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonthin278BC,Quthrew________（he）intotheMiluoRiveranddiedforhishomeland.4．Even______（bad）,studentsofdifferentageswereinthesameclassroom.5．SotheyhadtofindthePsammeadagainandaskedforonelastwish__________（solve）theproblem.1．pollution2．hearing；set3．himself4．worse5．tosolve二、翻譯句子。1．嘗試想想那些令你開心的時光。（thinkabout）________________________________________________________________2．直至我們死去，我們的大腦才會完全停止思考。（stop）________________________________________________________________________3．幸虧，警察及時趕到了。____________________________________________4．聽的時候把重點記錄下來。（while）____________________________________________________________________________5．請下了飛機就給我電話。（assoonas）________________________________________________________________6．我們學校五分之四的教師是女教師。________________________________________________________________________________7．如果你在考試中足夠認真，你將會成功。（enough）_____________________________________________________________________1．Trytothinkaboutthedaysthatmakeyouhappy.2．Ourbrainswon'tstopthinkingcompletelyuntilwedie.3．Luckily,thepolicecameintime.4．Writedowntheimportantpointswhile（youare）listening.5．Pleasecallmeassoonasyougetofftheplane.6．Fourfifthsoftheteachersinourschoolarewomenteachers.7．Ifyouarecarefulenoughinthetest,you'llsucceed.二．語法考點非謂語動詞01考標導向化近幾年對非謂語動詞的考查主要是動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語及目的狀語，動名詞作主語、賓語、賓語補足語，及個別分詞的用法。預計年中考對非謂語動詞的考查，不定式仍是考查的熱點。我們應該牢固掌握一些動詞固定搭配的用法。02概念清晰化非謂語動詞是一些特殊的動詞，它們在句中不能單獨作謂語，而有謂語以外的其他語法功能，在句子中不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，但仍有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語和狀語，構成非謂語動詞短語。非謂語動詞分不定式、動名詞和分詞三種。動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構成，在特殊情況下有時to可以省略。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時也具有動詞的部分特征，能充當主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。動名詞由動詞加-ing構成，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。它們在句中作定語、狀語、表語和補語。考點一動詞不定式1.不定式作賓語(1)一些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看一場電影嗎?(2)在find，think后面接不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。(3)常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式：whynotdo…，hadbetter(not)do…，wouldratherdo，could/would/willyouplease(not)do…Iwouldratherstayathome.我寧愿待在家里。2.不定式作賓語補足語不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西讓他將收音機的音量調低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，wouldlike，encourage后面常接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我母親鼓勵我學日語。注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(hear，listento)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(lookat，see，watch，notice)。但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to。如：Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。(2)如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。如：Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么可擔心的。特殊結構的不定式結構例句too…to結構Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.not+不定式Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoplaysoccerontheroad.疑問詞+不定式作主語Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.作賓語Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.作表語Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.for+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachother.of+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.1.動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結構為：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+動詞不定式。如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質的形容詞后，不用for而用of。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好啦。It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2.不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學生要做什么。Hedidn’tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。(wheretogo=whereheshouldgo)考點二動詞-ing形式1.英語中一些詞后常跟動名詞作賓語，初中階段這類詞有：finish(完成),mind(介意),beworth(值得),bebusy(忙于),practice(練習),havefun(玩得高興),feellike(想要),beusedto(習慣于),consider(考慮),enjoy(喜歡)。2.主語+be+happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready等)+todosth.如：I’mgladtoseeyouagain.我很高興再次見到你。I’msorrytohearthat.聽到這個消息我感到遺憾。3.幾組動詞接不定式及動名詞辨析：(1)stopdoing/stoptodostopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事(2)forgetdoing/forgettodoforgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(事情已做)forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒做)(3)rememberdoing/remembertodorememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(事情已做)remembertodosth.記著去做某事(事情沒做)(4)trydoing/trytodotrydoingsth.嘗試著去做某事trytodosth.設法或努力去做某事(5)goondoing/goontodogoondoingsth.繼續(xù)不停地做同一件事情goontodosth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事(6)allowdoingsth./allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.允許做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事(7)regretdoing/regrettodoregretdoingsth.對做過的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做)regrettodosth.對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)(8)meandoing/meantodomeandoingsth.意味著做某事meantodosth.打算、想做某事一.單項選擇。1．—Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend?—Sorry.Iprefer______ratherthan______.A．tostayathome；goout B．togoout；stayathomeC．stayingathome；goout D．goingout；stayathome2．—CouldyoutellmehowtoimprovespokenEnglish?—Well,justtakeeverychancetopractice______anddon’tbeshy.A．speak B．tospeak C．speaking D．spoke3.Hepretended______mewhenhewalkedby.A．notsee B．nottosee C．don'tsee D．tonotsee4．Listen!Theremustbesomeone______throughthejungle.A．trek B．treking C．trekking D.totrek5．Shewritesslowlysoshehastrouble______notesinclass.A．taken B．taking C．totake D.took6．MyEnglishteacheriseasy______sowealllikeher.A．togetalongwithB.getalongwithC．togetalongD.gettingalongwith7．Peterisbusy________atschool，butheneverforgets________exerciseeveryday．A．working；doing B．working；todoC．atwork；doing8．IsawaUFO________onthesquareinmydream．A．todrop B．land C．wear D．tofly9．Tom’smotheraskedhim________somewashingafterdinner．A．todo B．does C．doD．did10．—Doyoulikeplayingthepiano?—Yes，butIdon’tknow________playitwell．A．what B．how C．whatto D．howto11．Hemadesometoys________hislittleson．A．please B．toplease C．pleasing D．pleased12．Teenagersshouldnot______.A．allowedtodrive B．beallowtodrivingC．bealloweddriving D．beallowedtodrive13．I’mvery______andIreallyneedan______vacation.A．tired,exciting B．tired,excitedC．tiring,exciting D．tiring,excited14．He'sverygoodatEnglish.Hespendsmostofhisfreetime______newwords.A．remember B．rememberingC．remembers D．remembered15．—Whenareyouleavingfortheconcert?—I'mnotsure.Ihaven'tfinished______thedishes.A．Do B．todo C．doing D．done16．—Whydidyoubuyaradio?—______English.A．Learn B．Learning C．Tolearn D．Belearning17．ThebestwaytolearnEnglishis______you______inanEnglish-speakingenvironment.A．let;live B．tolet;toliveC．letting;living D．tolet,live18．Theboyisoftenseen______playbasketballafterschool.A．play B．toplay C．toplaying D．played1.A2.C3.B4.C5.B6.A7．B8．B9．A10．D11．B12.D13.A14.B15.C16.C17.D18.B二.用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.Jennysawawallet______（lie）ontheground.2.Theheavysnowstoppedthemfrom______(go)outforawalkthedaybeforeyesterday.3.Don’tyouhearsomeone______(sing)inthenextroom?4.Thelittlegirlreallyfeelslike_______(eat)eggs.5.Keep______(try).Youaresuretogetagoodresult.6.Lilyfinished______(read)thebookyesterday.7.MrLeemadeus______(laugh)8.—Thechildrenshouldbetold_____(notbreak)thetrafficrules.—That’sright.9.Hefoundithard____(catch)upwithhisclassmates,becauseallhisclassmatesworkedveryhard.10.Thisisthebestway_____(work)outthisproblem.1.lying2.going3.singing4.eating5.trying6.reading7.laugh8.nottobreak9.tocatch10.towork三．閱讀拓展一Oneday,Joshandhisfriendstalkedaboutthingsthatbringthemluck.“Ihavearabbit’sfoot,”saidLarry.“Ihavealuckycent,”saidRoger.“Whataboutyou,Josh?”askedRoger.“Mybluesocks.”“Bluesocks!”theboyssaidtogether,“Howcanbluesocksbringyou1?”Joshsaidthatwhenhetookatestinhisbluesocks,hegotagoodgrade.Oncehe2hisbrownsocks,andhedidn’tdowellinhistest.ThenextdayJoshhadamathtest.Hewassad3hecouldn’tfindhisbluesocks.“Mom!”criedJosh“4aremybluesocks?Ihaveatesttoday!”“Don’tbesilly,”Momsaid,“Thosesocksareinthewash.”“Whyareyousoworried?Didyoustudyforyour5?”askedMom.“Yes.”“Thenyouhave6toworryabout.Justdoyourbest.”ItwastimeforJoshtotakehismathtest.Hewasverynervous,buthethoughtto7,“Justdoyourbest!”Joshtookhistimeandansweredallthequestions.Heevenwentbacktocheckhiswork8tobesurehedidhisbest.“Thatwasn’tsobad!”Joshsaidtohimself.Josh’steachertoldhimlaterthathescored95onhistest.“Wow!”shoutedJosh.“Ididn’tevenwearmy9bluesocks.”

Joshcouldn’twaittotellhismomhowgreathedidonhistest.Momsaid,“Whenyoustudyandalwaysdoyourbest,youwillgetagoodgrade.Thesocksdonotmakeyoudowell,onlyyoucanmakeyourselfdowell.Youneedto10yourself.”1．A．luck B．advice C．feel D．taste2．A．took B．left C．made D．wore3．A．because B．so C．but D．or4．A．Which B．What C．How D．Where5．A．socks B．tests C．friends D．cents6．A．anything B．everything C．nothing D．something7．A．itself B．himself C．herself D．yourself8．A．carefully B．bravely C．quickly D．easily9．A．lost B．dirty C．lucky D．clever10．A．hate B．protect C．trust D．lose【答案】1．A2．D3．A4．D5．B6．C7．B8．A9．C10．C二Travelcanmakeusfeelbetter.Newplacesbringexcitementanditturnsoutthatthereisasciencebehind—“dopamine(多巴胺)andserotonin(血清素)”.Travelexpertsexplain(解釋)thatdopamineandserotoninlevelsgoupwhenwetravel.Dopamineisoneofthekeychemicals.Itcanmakeusfeelhappy.Whenwejoininactivitiesthatweenjoy,ourbrainswillrelease(釋放)itandit’llgiveusasenseofjoyandsatisfaction.Serotoninisanotherkeychemical.Itisimportanttoourmood,sleep,anddiet.Ourserotoninlevelswilldropwhenwegetlessdaylightinwinter.Inshort,themoredopamineandserotoninwehave,thehappierwewillfeel.Here’showitactuallymakesushappier:VitaminDcanbeboostedAsweknow,vitaminDisnaturallymadebytheskinwhenwe’reinthesun.WhenvitaminDboosts(增強)fromsunlight,itwillhelptheproductionofserotonin,toimproveoursleepquality,andevenreduceourstress(減少壓力).Negativeionsare______thingsNegativeions(負離子)aremostfoundinfreshair,especiallynearbodiesofwaterlikeoceansandwaterfalls,andinforests.Theyhavebeenshowntoincrease(升高)serotoninlevels,energylevels,boostimmunesystems(免疫系統(tǒng)),andreducestresslevels.Ifwespenttimeonthebeach,listeningtothesoundofcrashingwavesandfeelingourstresswashaway,thatmightthanktothenegativeions.TravellingmakesyousocialSocialinteraction(社交互動)alsohelpsthereleaseofbothdopamineandserotonin.Ifwetryagrouptour,thenewexperiencesandactivitieswillalsoboostourdopamineandserotoninlevels.ClosetowildlifeThebeautyofnaturecanhaveacalmingeffectonthemindandbody,andspendingtimeinnaturehasbeenshowntoreducestresslevelsandpromoterelaxation.Watchingthewondersofnatureandseeinganimalsintheirnaturalhabitcanboostdopamineandserotoninlevels.Andthephysicalactivitieslikewalkingandhikingalsohaveamood-boostingeffect.1．What’sthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Toasksomequestionsaboutthetopic. B．Toexplaintheimportanceofthetopic.C．Toshowtheresultofdiscussingthetopic. D．Tointroducesomeknowledgeaboutthetopic.2．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeputin________?A．bad B．good C．useless D．expensive3．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?A．Acampfirepartyoftenmakesyoufeeldown.B．Walkingonthebeachisagoodwaytoreducestress.C．Themoresunlightyouget,thebettersleepyoumayhave.D．Goingbirdwatchinginforestscanmakeyoufeelrelaxed.4．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theproblemswemayhaveduringourtrip.B．Thesciencebehindhowtravelmakesushappier.C．Thetipsonhowtohaveahappiertravelexperience.D．Thestepstoreleasedopamineandserotonininourbody.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．B三閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Thisisastoryaboutwhatafatherdidinanearthquake.An8.2earthquake1(hit)thecityin1989.Inles