牛津上海版九年級(jí)下Module2RecreationandentertainmentUnit3GoingplacesGrammar單元語法行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去（past-in-the-past）”。構(gòu)成：過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中had通用于各種人稱。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10：00thismorning.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/判斷依據(jù)1.由時(shí)間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：（1）

by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）

bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）

before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/判斷依據(jù)2.由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：（1）賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如：

Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/判斷依據(jù)（2）狀語從句中在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如：

WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.

Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/判斷依據(jù)（3）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.

3.根據(jù)上、下文來判定。

ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法1.過去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如：WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒來時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”）行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法2.過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如：

Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.(hadwritten發(fā)生在told之前)行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法3.過去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與already，yet，still，just，before，never等時(shí)間副詞及by，before，until等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.

Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法4.過去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如：Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.（hadworked已有了20年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）行業(yè)PPT模板http:///hangye/主要用法5.過去完成時(shí)也用于hardly...when...（剛…就…）,nosooner...than...（剛…就…）,Itwasthefirsttime+that等一些固定句型中。Hehadnosoonerlefttheroomthantheybegantotalkabouthim.他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來。Wehadhardlybegunwhenweweretoldtostop.我們剛開始就被叫停。Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverspokentomeinsuchatune.他用這樣的語調(diào)跟我講話，這是第一次。AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastWeusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedbeforeacertaintimeinthepast.Weformthepastperfecttensewithhad+thepastparticipleoftheverb.AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastThetableontherightshowswhatsomeofthetouristsdidyesterdayafternoonaftertheyarrivedattheirhotel.Useinformationfromthetabletocompletetheconversation.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou. AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastThetableontherightshowswhatsomeofthetouristsdidyesterdayafternoonaftertheyarrivedattheirhotel.Useinformationfromthetabletocompletetheconversation.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou. SimonIsupposeallthetouristsrestedwhentheygottotheirhotel.DeniseNotatall.Theywereverybusy.Bythreeo'clock,Elsa_________andVictor________.MatandChris_________,andNina_________.

SimonWhataboutBoris,JanandHenry?DeniseByfouro'clock,Boris_________,Jan_________,andHenry_________SimonWhataboutMariaandDean?Hadtheydoneanything?DeniseYes,theyhadbeenbusyaswell.Maria_________,andDean_________byfourthirty.AActionsbeforeatimeinthepastCompletethissentencebywritingaboutfourthingsyouhaddonebeforeyouwenttobedlastnight.Bynineo'clocklastnight,I_________,_________,_________and_________.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastWhenwetalkabouttwoactionsinthepast,weusethepastperfecttensefortheearlieraction,andthesimplepasttenseforthelateraction.justandalreadyWeoftenusejustandalreadywiththepastperfecttensefortheearlieractioninthepast.Victorputdownthetelephone.Hehadjustphonedhome.Elsadriedherhair.Shehadalreadywashedit.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastThesentencesbelowareaboutlateractions.UseinformationfromthetableinA1toaddsentencesaboutearlieractions.Usejustoralready.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.1Ninadidnotfeelthirsty.(just)Shehadjusthadsometea.2Henrycameoutofthebank.(just)3Deanboughtsomedrinks.(already)4Mariafeltrelaxed.(just)5Boriswenttogetsomestamps.(already)BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastbeforeandafterThereisnodifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwosentencesabove.However,thewomanwantstoemphasizethatsheatebreakfastfirst,sosheusedthepastperfecttensehadeaten.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastbeforeandafterThemanwantstoemphasizethathehadawalkfirst,soheusedthepastperfecttensehadhad.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1Didyougoshoppingbeforedinner?T2No.Wewentshoppingafterwefinisheddinner.No.Wewentshoppingafterwehadfinisheddinner.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1Didyougobacktothehotellater?T2Yes,butbeforewewentback,wedidallourshopping.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1DidyouseetheSunrisefromEastPeak?T2No.Unfortunately,itrosebeforewereachedthetop.BEarlierandlateractionsinthepastReadtheconversationbetweentwotouristsandunderlinetheverbsforearlieractionsintheresponses.Thenemphasizewhathappenedfirstbyusingtheverbsinthepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.T1WhatwasthesunsetlikeatBlueBay?T2Great!Itsetafewminutesafterwearrivedthere.BEarlier