FCV.io

07.05.2024

NavigatingtheShiftto

ThomasHülshorst,AkshayBujone,ChristianKirchhof,MariusWegener,JanHake

CentralizedE/EArchitecturesinSDVs

Preparedfor

MATHWORKSAUTOMOTIVECONFERENCE

TheindustryistransformingtowardsFcvio

software-centricproducts

MarketDemand

>AdvancedFeatures>Updateability

Seamlesssmartphone

>Upgradeability

integration

Connected

High-performance

entertainment

Cost

Reduction

Advanced

ADASfeatures

>Simplified,modularhardware>CostefficientSWplatforms

Electric

Competition

Newfeaturesoverlifetime

Continuous

improvementofthevehicle

>DevelopmentefficiencybyDevOps,automation,

virtualization

Vehiclealways“up-to-date”

>Reducedtime-to-marketand;newwayofworking

>Reducedrecalls(byOTAanddataanalytics)

2

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FCV.io

Software-DefinedVehicles(SDVs)

…BUTTECHNICALBACKBONEISNOTREADY

TraditionalE/E&SWArchitecture:

Decentralized&signal-oriented(monolithic)

VALUEFORCUSTOMERSISCLEAR…

“WhenIboughtacarinthepast,thedayIgotitwasthebestthecarwouldeverbe.Withasoftware-definedcar,thedayyoubuyitistheworstitwilleverbe.

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

Fromthepointforward,however,it’sgoingtobelikemagic.”

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

JensenHuang

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

CEONVIDIA

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

ECU&SW

Seamlesssmartphone

VISION

(IN-VEHICLE)

integration

Connected

Mainlyservice-orientedsoftwarearchitecture

SW

Feature

SW

Feature

SW

Feature

SW

Feature

SW

Feature

SW

Service

SW

Service

SW

Service

SW

Service

SW

Service

SW

Service

SW

Service

SW

Service

SW

Service

SW

Service

OS,Hypervisor,Containers&Middleware

High-PerformanceComputing

High-performanceentertainment

CentralHPC

ZonalHPC

ZonalHPC

ZonalHPC

ZonalHPC

Advanced

ADASfeatures

Newfeaturesoverlifetime

Continuous

improvementofthevehicle

Vehiclealways“up-to-date”

CentralizedE/EArchitecture

w/high-performance

computingcluster

High-speedconnection

High-speed

connection

3

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Ourlegacy:FEVhasawiderangeofcross-domaincontrolfeaturesandwell

establishedautomotive-gradeprocesses,methodsandtoolchains

FCV.io

FEVAUTOMOTIVECONTROLSOFTWARELIBRARY

4WD2-4Mot

2WD

1-2

Mot

Battery

Managem

System

P0

Motor

Control

Unit

ElectricVehicle

AutomotiveSoftware

PowertrainControl

P1

Predictive

Energy

Managm.

ParallelHybrid

P2

P3

ADAS/AD

MixedHybrid

FEVCoreControlSoftware

P4

PowerSplit

PxPy

DHT

E-PGS

4

Intelligent

Chassis

Control

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Ourlegacy:FEVhasawiderangeofcross-domaincontrolfeaturesandwell

establishedautomotive-gradeprocesses,methodsandtoolchains

FCV.io

FEVAUTOMOTIVECONTROLSOFTWARELIBRARY

FeatureExamples:

FeatureExamples:

4WD2-4Mot

2WD

1-2

Mot

StateofCharge/StateofHealth

Thermal

Management

Battery

Managem

System

P0

Motor

Control

Unit

ElectricVehicle

AutomotiveSoftware

Field-orientedControl

PowertrainControl

Energy&ChargeManagement

P1

Predictive

Energy

Managm.

ParallelHybrid

RangePrediction

P2

Torque

Management

P3

AdaptiveCruiseControl

Vehicle

Coordination

ADAS/AD

MixedHybrid

FEVCoreControlSoftware

P4

TrafficJamChauffeur

Diagnostics

PowerSplit

PxPy

DHT

E-PGS

Intelligent

Chassis

Control

5

Powered-by

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FCV.io

Whatabouttherelocationoffeatures/functions?

Majorimpactonfunctiondevelopment

DEVELOPMENTFROMEMBEDDEDCONTROLLERTOVIRTUALIZEDPLATFORMS

Software-definedE/ESystem

ConventionalE/ESystem

Functionshostedatdedicatedembeddedcontrollers

Functionsindependentfromdedicatedcontrollers,hostedonCloud/Central/ZonalorEmbeddedtarget

Signal-oriented

Softwarearchitectures

Verification/Validationmainlyatembeddedcontrollerlevel

Softwareorganizedin

Service-oriented

architectures(SOA)

Virtualizedplatforms

demandstrongshift-left

andvirtualverificationandvalidation

2

SOA=ServiceOrientedArchitecture,SOP=StartofProductionSource:FEV

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FCV.io

Featurereallocation:Whatisthebenefit?

FROMTRADITIONALECUTOTHECLOUD

CLOUDENVIRONMENT

>PERFORMANCE:UNLIMITED

?Performancecanbeusedwheneverrequested

>DATA-ACCESS:HIGH

?Accesstolargesetsofdata

?Data-drivenmodelscanbeadaptedfleetwide

>AVAILABILITY:MEDIUM

?Cloudiswidelyavailable

?Resourcescanbescaled

whenevertheyareneededbasedonactualcustomer

request

?Incaseofin-availabilitythelocalHPCcomputecantakeover

ON-BOARDHPC

HPC

>PERFORMANCE:IMPROVED

?Computationalpowercanbeallocatedtoalgorithmwhenneeded

>DATA-ACCESS:MEDIUM

?Accesstoalmostallon-boarddata(navigation,HVAC,

powertrain)isavailable

>AVAILABILITY:HIGH

?HPCispermanentlyavailable

?Canbeusedasfallbacksolutionwhencloudisnotavailable

ON-BOARDECU

>PERFORMANCE:LIMITED

?ECUisnotsuitedforhighlycomplexordata-drivenalgorithms

>DATA-ACCESS:LOW

?ECUislimitedtodatareceivedviabuscommunication

>AVAILABILITY:HIGH

?ECUisalwaysavailableforcalculation

7

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FCV.io

Featurereallocation:Whatisimportanttoremainautomotive-grade?

FROMTRADITIONALECUTOTHECLOUD

ON-BOARDECU

ON-BOARDHPC

HPC

>HardReal-Time:MEDIUM

?Cross-domainapplicationswithmixedcriticalityregardinghardreal-time

>FunctionalSafety:MEDIUM

?Cross-domainapplicationswithmixedcriticalityregarding

Functionalsafety

?UptoASIL-Dpossible,buthighereffort

CLOUDENVIRONMENT

>HardReal-Time:LOW

?Notautomotivestandard

>FunctionalSafety:LOW

?Notautomotivestandard

?Cloudinfrastructurenot

availableforASIL-B/C/Dtoday

>HardReal-Time:HIGH

?HardReal-Timerequirements

areStandardandcanbemet

withexistingsolutions

>FunctionalSafety:HIGH

?FunctionalSafetyrequirementsarestandardandcanbemet

withexistingsolutions

8

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WhichfunctionsarecandidatesforFCV.io

re-allocation?

PredictiveEnergyManagement,e.g.

RangeEstimation

VehicleMotion,e.g.electricmotorcontrolField-orientedControl

>Nostrictreal-timerequirements>Nofunctionalsafetyrequirements>Implementationisindependentof

controllerhardware

>Functionalitycanbeimprovedandupdatedinthefield

>Strongbenefitofaccesstolargesetsofdata

>Data-drivenmodelscanbeadaptedfleetwide

>Strictreal-timerequirements>Functionalsafetyrelevant

>Implementationrequiredtobe

Keepitonlocal

ECU!

adaptedtocontrollerhardware>Fixedfunctionalitythatisnot

expectedtochange

Reallocation

recommended!

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CUBE–The360。PhilosophyofFEVrepresentsamindsetandaSystems

EngineeringprocessmodeltorealizecomplexSDVenabledsystems

CUBEUNITESALLDISCIPLINESINTOASTRUCTUREDAPPROACHTOTACKLEHOLISTICPRODUCTDEVELOPMENT

FCV.io

CUBE

SW

EE

Mech

Decomposition

EcoSystem

Product(Vehicle)

System

Integration

Domain

SW

EE

Mech

SubDomain

Component

Discipline

Specific

Industrialization

Discipline

Specific

Design

SystemDesign

Abstraction

>Unitesalldevelopmentdisciplinesunderonecommonapproachtorealizecomplex,softwaredrivenproducts

>Createsacomprehensiveperspectiveonproducts,withcleartechnical

responsibilities

>Focusesoncollaborationtomanagetheworkefficiently

BENEFIT

FORSDV

CONSISTENTSYSTEMSENGINEERING

FOCUSONNON-FUNCTIONALREQ.FORSDVDECISION

EFFICIENTMANAGEMENTOFLEGACY&OTSELEMENTS

SEAMLESSHANDOVERTOSWARCHITECTUREDESIGN

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FCV.io

HighlevelServiceOrientedArchitecturedefinitionmethodology

SYSTEMDESIGNPRODUCTSPECIFICDESIGN

A:FEATUREANALYSIS

2

B:SYSTEMARCHITECTURE

FUNCTIONBEHAVIOR

↓

6

RealTimeorHighperformance

↓

ASILandSecureAssentDataDefinition

E:N/WDESIGN

EEA

D:N/WBINDING

PROTOCOLS

13

Client/ServerorSender/Receiver

14

ME/IP,DDS,

Csec,VLAN,

SN,HTTP/REST,

MQTT

ndCAN,LIN

SO MAAVB/T

a

ServicMethoC

Messa

eID,InstanceID,d/FieldEventIDAN-ID,LINID

ge-SignalLayout

C:TOPOLOGYMAPPING

DECOMPOSITION

Methods,Events,FieldsorSignals

E2EProfile,SecOC

REQUIREMENTS

5

9

1

Reusability&Sub-

SystemDependency

Analysis

Serviceor

Signal/S2sDecision

DOMAINANALYSIS

10

PERFORMANCE

3

7

11

FUSA/CYSEC

!

15

4

Datatypes,Periodicity

12

8

NetworkTopology

NETWORK/HWCONSIDERATIONS

|11

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Ahigh-performingE/EarchitecturebuildsthebackboneforfutureproductFevio

anddevelopmentexcellence-differentlevelsofcentralizationarepossible

E/EARCHITECTURESTRATEGY>Illustrative

Cloud

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

ECU

InfotainmentHPC

ADAS/ADHPC

ConnectivityHPC

ChassisECU

PowertrainECU

Vehicle

Computer

Zonal

Controller

Zonal

Controller

Zonal

Controller

Zonal

Controller

ECU

APPLICATIONS

OEMAPI

MIDDLEWARE

OS/VIRTUALIZATION

HIGH-PERFORMANCECOMPUTER

Option1

Domain-CentralizedControls

High-speedconnection

Option2

Central+ZonalHPCs

High-speedconnection

High-speed

connection

Option3

CentralHPC

or

ECU

ECU

VehicleComputer

Vehicle

Computer1

Vehicle

Computer2

ECU

ECU

CENTRALIZATIONAPPROACH

ECU

Top-levelcontrol

through“Vehiclebrain”Highperformanceand

classicalcontrollers

Zonalcontrollerstominimizewiring

SDVCORE(“VEHICLEBRAIN”)

TraditionalEEASDV

Considerationoflegacythrough

stepwiseevolutiontowardsdesiredcentralizationlevel

Whatistherightarchitectureformyuse-cases?Fcvio

Softwarearchitectureclassification(simplifiedforillustration)

OTALegacySoftware

Updates

APP

BASE

SOFTWARE

EMULATOR

VIRTUALMACHINE

APP

APP

Drivers

OS

VIRTUALMACHINE

APP

MigrationReuse

COMBINATIONOFARCHITECTURES

VIRTUALMACHINEARCHITECTURE

>ExecutevirtualmachinesonHPC

>Emulatelegacysoftware“asis”

>Bestforlegacymigrationandsafety

I

APP

Drivers

OS

VIRTUALMACHINE

APP

APP

APP

APP

APP

APP

APP

APP

APP

CONTAINERIZEDARCHITECTURE

II

CONTAINERENGINE

>Facilitateover-the-airupdatesbetter>Supportsup-dateofsinglefeatures>Leaneradminapproach

3RD

PARTY

APP

3RD

PARTY

APP

3RD

PARTY

APP

OEMAPP

OEMAPP

3RD

PARTY

APP

OEMAPP

OEMAPP

OEMAPP

OEMAPP

OEMAPP

OEMAPP

SERVICE-ORIENTEDARCHITECTURE

Core

Service#1

Core

Service#2

Core

Service#3

Core

Service#4

CoreServ

OEMAPI

III

>ApproachmaximizeSoftwarere-use

MIDDLEWARE

>Supportsbest3rdpartyappecosystem

13

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FEVSDV-Coreplatform-CurrentdemosetupbasedFevio

ExistingADASandPowertrain

QNXHypervisor(customized)

VM-VCU

VCUTRQ

VM-DigitalCluster

CLUSTER

AdaptiveAutosar

AdaptiveAutosar

QNXOS

AGL

AGL

VMADAS

ADAS

ACC

HDMI

R-CARH3HPCSOC

USB

COREPLATFORM

Flexible

communication

DISPLAY

VirtualBus(Some.IP/DDS)

Fixed3rdPartyOS

controlfeaturesportedviaVM

onSDVReferenceArchitectureType

IVICONTROLLER

VM-

Infotainment

IVI

i.MX8

HDMI

ANDROID

USB

JOYSTICK

EthernetSwitch

TestinginSimulation

DISPLAY

Internetin

VEHICLESIMULATION

AA:AutosarAdaptive;IVI:InvehicleInfotainment

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OverviewglobalFEVSDVinitiativeforasoftware-drivenproductFcvio

developmentincludingacollaborativeengineeringframework

FEATUREDEVELOPMENTBASEDONFEVIP

INFOTAIN-MENT

VEHICLE

MOTION

CONTROL

ENERGY/