專題179BU1-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學期單元知識點囊括及易錯題分析單元話題AsiaReading重點詞匯、詞組和句型GrammarIt的各種用法知識點囊括知識點囊括一、重點詞組、句型1.tiringadj.使人疲勞的，累人的用來形容一件事，Climbingthestepsistiring.tiredadj.疲倦的，困倦的用來形容人的感覺，Iamverytired.2.stepn.臺階；梯級climbthestepvi.踏，踩，走step-by-step逐步的，逐漸的3.chopsticksn.復數名詞筷子apairofchopsticks4.raisingn.升高theraisingoftheflagraisevt.提升，增加，養育，籌集raisemoneyforcharityraisetheirhands5.wondern.奇跡oneofthewondersoftheworldvi.想知道Iwonderwhetheryoulikeher.6.lievi.位于MountainFujiliesinthewestofTokyo.躺lielaylainShelaydownonthebed.說謊lieliedliedYouwillneverbehappyifyoulie.n.謊言tellalie7.shapen.形狀，外形inunusualshapesoutofshape不成樣，變樣vt.塑造；體現 whatdoyouthinkwillshapeyourfuture?8.hangvi.Vt.垂下；懸掛hanghunghungsomehangdown. Ihungthewashingintheyardyesterday.絞死 hanghangedhangedThecriminalwashanged.9.pointvi.指，指向 pointatsb/sthn.分數 points10.easternadj.東部的，東方的easternChinaeastn.東方 intheeastofChina11.service n.服務；工作ahighlevelofserviceservevt&vi.服務；任職wemustservethepeopleheart.12.Japaneseadj.日本的 it’sJapanese. n.日本人 someJapanese13.Wow,theGreatWallisamazing,isn’tit?反義疑問句的用法：前肯后否是自然，前否后肯也常見；短句not如出現，必須縮寫是習慣。還有一點要注意，短句主語代詞填；回答反義疑問句，答案含義是依據，肯定事實用yes,否定事實要用no;前后時態要一致，人稱和數要相符。14.We’dbetterkeepmoving.hadbetterdosthhadbetternotdosthkeepdoingsth或keepondoingsthkeepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事15.Wakemeuponyourwayback.onone’s/thewayonone’s/thewayto與way有關的其他短語：inthisway用這種方式intheway擋道ontheway在路上bytheway順便說一下16.InthemiddleoftheancientcityofBeijingisthePalaceMuseum,alsocalledtheForbiddenCity.inthemiddleof與inthecentreofinthemiddleof指在。。。。。（時間、長度、過程等）的中間，可用于談論時間，如：inthemiddleofthenight在半夜；也可用于指狹長之物，如：inthemiddleoftheline在那條線的中間。inthecentreof則強調在中心，在中央Iliveinthecentreofthecity.我住在市中心。17.TheemperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesusedtolivethere.usedtodosth過去做某事beusedtodosth被用來做某事，相當于beusedfordoingsthbeusedtodoingsth習慣于做某事18.It’swellworthavisit.beworth值得，其后常接名詞或動名詞Itcanbeworththeefforthowever.然而這份努力可能是很值得的。19.AnotherfamousattractionistheGreatWall.another又一，再一，可用來修飾單數或復數名詞theother另一個，另一部分，可用來特指兩者中的另一個或者兩部分當中的另一部分。theothers其他的。。。。。。單獨使用，特指整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部other另外的，其他的，用作定語，用來修飾單數或復數名詞others其他的，單獨使用，泛指其他人或其他事物20.Itrunsforover6,000kilometresacrossnorthernChina,withwatchtowerseveryfewhundredmetres.across表示橫穿；穿過，著重指從物體表面的一邊到另一邊，也就是說從物體的表面穿過through意為穿過，指從空間的一頭縱穿到另一頭，也就是說從物體的內部空間穿過、穿越21.ManyvisitorscomeandvisitGuilinbecauseofitsfantasticlandscape.becauseof介詞短語，后接名詞、名詞性短語或代詞，在句中作原因狀語because連詞，后接句子，構成原因狀語從句22.Somethingthatfillsyouwithsurprise.that此處用作關系代詞，代替先行詞something,在定語從句中作主語，此時不能用which進行替換。fill…with……用....充滿befilledwith被......充滿=befulloftoone’ssurprise（n.）使某人驚訝的是23.Thelakeisverybig------ittakesupthreequartersofthearea.takeup占據（空間）；占用（時間）threequarters四分之三，表示分數時，分子使用基數詞，分母使用序數詞，分子大于1，分母應使用復數形式。onethirdtwofifths24.Therearemanystonelionsoneithersideofit.either意為（兩者中的）任何一個either…or…或者。。。。或者。。。。。either作副詞，意為“也”，用于否定句末。either作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。25.Ifeltalittlecoldwhenwewentout.alittle一點，稍微alittle還可以用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級Lilyisalittletallerthanhersister.alittle還可以用于修飾不可數名詞，表示數量Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.alittle還可以用于修飾單數名詞，意為“小的”Tooursurprise,heissuchalittleboy.26.Manypeoplefinditpleasanttotravelaround.findit+adj.+todosth發現做某事是。。。。的，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式結構。pleasant形容詞，“令人愉快的，討人喜歡的”，常作定語，用于修飾物pleased形容詞“高興的，滿意的”，常作表語，主語通常是人pleasure名詞“快樂，樂事”，作“快樂”講，是不可數名詞，作“樂事”講，是可數名詞27.Theyprovideahighlevelofservice.他們提供了高水平的服務。providesthforsb.=providesbwithsthoffersbsth=offersthtosb28.MilliewouldliketosuggestIndia,andshehaspreparedsomenotesofit.米莉想建議印度，她已經準備了關于印度的一些筆記。wouldlikesthwouldliketodosthwouldlikesbtodosthfeellikedoing想要做某事prepare…..for…….為。。。做好準備29.Thesecondlargestpopulationintheworld世界上第二大人口population“人口”在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式當population與分數或百分數連用，在句中作主語時，謂語動詞多用復數形式表示某國、某城市有多少人口時，可用某國或某城市+hasapopulationof…….用large與small來表示人口的多與少對人口數量進行提問時用what/howlargeWhat’sthepopulationofthecity?=Howlargeisthepopulationofthecity?二、語法GrammarIt的用法1：It用作形式主語

當不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結構前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。

e.g.Itiswrongtotellalie.

Itisnousearguingaboutit.

(爭吵是沒用的。)〔It為arguingaboutit的形式主語〕

Itisuncertainwhowillcome.

(誰要來還不確定。)〔It為whowillcome的形式主語〕It作形式主語的常見句型：

①It+be+形容詞+todosth./doing/that….

e.g.Itisveryimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.

Itisuselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.

Itwasreallysurprisingthatshemarriedamanlikethat.

②It+be+名詞詞組+doing/that….

e.g.Itisnogoodtellinglies.

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilmyesterday.

ItisatruththattherewouldbenonewChinawithouttheCommunistParty.

③It+be+過去分詞+that….

該句型常見動詞有：say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,know,believe,decide,etc.

e.g.Itissaidthattheyhaveinventedanewtypeofcomputer.

ItisbelievedthatChinawillbecomeoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.

Itwasreportedthatmorethan170thousandpeoplediedinthe2004tsunami.

④It+seems/appears/happens等不及物動詞+that….

e.g.Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.

ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.

⑤若句子是疑問形式，就只能用it作形式主語。

e.g.Doesitmattermuchthattheywon’tcometomorrow?

Isittruethathewillgoabroadnextweek?

⑥It+takes+(sb.)+sometime+todosth.

這是一個表示“（某人）花多少時間干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主語，代替后面的不定式（todosth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。

e.g.Ittookmesometimetoreadthereadingmaterials.

IttookhimfourteenhourstogotoNewZealandfromShanghaibyplane.

HowlongdoesittakeyoutogotoBeijingfromQingdaobytrain?

Iamnotsure,butIthinkittakesatleastninehourstogetthere.

2：It用作形式賓語

當不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個句子中作賓語時，為保持句子結構平衡，避免句式結構的混亂，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾。此時it仍只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。

下列四種情況須用it作形式賓語：

①當不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在復合賓語結構中作某些動詞的賓語時（如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）；

e.g.TheyfounditpleasantthattheyworkedwithusChinese.

Idon’tfeelitdifficulttounderstandtheSpecialEnglish.

Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.

Ithinkitnoneedtalkingaboutitwiththem.

②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的動詞，如like,enjoy,love,hate等，往往不能直接接賓語從句；

e.g.Idon’tlikeitthathe’ssolazy.

Ihateitwhenmymotherasksmetoeateggs.

③that引導的賓語從句不能直接作介詞的賓語；

e.g.Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.

Wouldyouseetoitthatshegetshomeearly?

Heinsistedonitthathewasinnocent.

④由及物動詞與介詞組成的固定搭配中，賓語從句若作該動詞的賓語時，須借用it。

e.g.Ileaveittoyourownjudgementwhetheryoushoulddoit.

Weoweittoyouthattherewasn’taseriousaccident.三、詞組歸納1.inthemiddleof在--中央2.ineasternChina/intheeasternpartofChina/intheeastofChina在中國東部3.beturnedintoanattraction/findherattractive被改成一個景點/覺得她有吸引力的4.bewellworthavisit//visiting值得參觀5.watchtheraisingofthenationalflag//raisetheflag觀看升國旗儀式//升旗6.oneither/eachsideof--//onbothsidesof--在--任何/每一側//在--兩側7.inunusualshapes//anundergroundcave以獨特的形狀//一個地下洞穴8.hangdown/pointupwards倒掛/向上伸展9.bepraisedastheancientcityofculture被譽為文化古城10.findit/it’spleasanttohireabicycle覺得租輛自行車是令人愉快的11.Thewatchtowerisopentothepublic.這瞭望塔對公眾開放12.Thecitystatetakesupthreequartersofthearea.這個國家城市占據四分之三的區域13.provideahighlevelofservice//servethepeople提供高水平服務//為人民服務14.havethesecondlargestpopulationintheworld有世界第二大人口15.It’stiringtoclimbthesteps./betiredofdoingsth爬臺階是累人的/厭煩做某事16.emperorsoftheMingandQingdynasties明清兩朝皇帝17.What’sthepopulationofChina?It’sover1.3billion.中國人口有多少?13多億18.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.中國人口比美國多19.awonder//wonder(wanttoknow)//wonderfulwonderfully一個奇跡//想知道20.acrossnorthernChina橫跨中國北部21.every......每隔……22.bepraisedas....被贊譽為易錯題分析易錯題分析語法部分：單項選擇1.Is_______necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?

A.thisB.thatC.itD.he

2.Idon’tthink_______possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.

A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it

3.Does_______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?

A.thisB.thatC.heD.it

4.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_______didn’thelp.

A.heB.whichC.she

D.it

5._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

6.Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

A.itB.thatC.theseD.them

7.Don’t_______thatallthosewhogetgoodgradesintheentranceexaminationwillprovetobethemostsuccessful.

A.takeasgrantedB.takethisforgrantedC.takethatforgrantedD.takeitforgranted

8.Ilike_______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.

A.thisB.thatC.itD.one【答案】1-8CDDDDADC詞匯句型部分：一、翻譯句子1．有些飯店有必要提高它們的服務水平。_____________________________________________________________________________2．地鐵每十分鐘來一趟。_____________________________________________________________________________3．我想看天安門前的升旗儀式。_____________________________________________________________________________4．印度是世界上第二人口大國。_____________________________________________________________________________5．那個男孩占據了四分之三的座位。_____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Itisnecessaryforsomerestaurantstoimprove/raisetheirlevelofservice.Theundergroundcomeseverytenminutes.IwouldliketoseetheraisingofthenationalflaginTian’anmenSquare.Indiahasthesecondlargestpopulationintheworld.Theboytakesupthreequartersoftheseat.二、選擇題()1.Onthewall______twolargephotos.A.hangingB.hangedC.hangD.hangs()2.—What'stheweatherliketoday?—___________issunnyandwindy.A.ThatB.ItC.TheweatherD.This()3.—Bill,pleaseturndownthemusic,________Mum________Dadaresleeping.—Sorry,I'lldoitrightaway.A.neither;norB.either;orC.both;andD.Notonly;butalso()4.—IwillgotoHongKongDisneylandwithmyparentstomorrow.—________!A.MypleasureB.HaveanicetripC.AllrightD.Congratulations()5.Nearourschool__________somebookshopsandinourschool_______abiglibrary.A.are,isB.is,areC.are,areD.is,is()6.—WhatdoyouthinkofthemoviebyZhaoWei?—Fantastic.Ilike___verymuch.A.itB.himC.herD.you()7.—Whowasknockingatthedoorjustnow?—_________wasmycousin.A.HeB.SheC.TheyD.It()8.Thepriceofcottonhas___alot.Asaresult,thefactoriesplanto____thepriceoftheircottonclothes.A.raised,raiseB.raised,riseC.risen,raiseD.risen,rise()9.Thecave____“theArtPalaceofNature”.A.isthoughtB.issetC.ispraisedforD.ispraisedas()10.Infrontofthehouse_____abigtree.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are()11.—What'sthecostofthedictionary?—_________issixty-three.A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.He()12.__________wasMarywhopickedupthewallet.A.HeB.SheC.TheyD.It()13.—Canaplanefly__________theAtlanticOcean?—Yes,butitneedstogo_______thecloudsforhours.A.across,throughB.through,acrossC.across,acrossD.through,through()14.Itis_______tocyclearoundGuilin.A.agreatfunB.afunC.greatfunD.agreatfunny()15.Youcanparkon____sideoftheroad.Lookatthesign“Noparking”.A.eachB.noneC.eitherD.neither()16.Whatalongway_________isfromBeijingtoLondon!A.thisB.itC.thatD./()17.About____ofthestudentsinGradeNinethisyearwereborninthe______.A.three-five,1996B.three-fifths,1990sC.third-fifth,1997D.third-fifths,1990s()18.Themuseumwillnot______peopletodaybecauseit’sbeingrepaired.A.beclosedtoB.beopentoC.bepopulartoD.beopenedto()19.Ifyouprefertheredeveningdress,you’llhavetopay_____30dollars,becauseit’smadeofsilk.A.otherB.theotherC.moreD.another()20.—Whichhobbydoyouthink____theleasttime?A.takesupB.putsupC.givesupD.makesup()21.Sheusedto____anundergroundtoschool,butnowsheisusedto____toschool.A.taking,walkB.take,walkC.taking,walkingD.take,walking()22.Nanjinglies__JiangsuProvince,anditlies____thesouthofLianyungang.A.to,onB.to,inC.in,onD.in,to()23.Actually,Idon’tthinkSpidermanIIisasinterestingasthefirst,_____?A.doesitB.doesn’titC.isn’titD.isit()24.Beijingisin_____ChinaandChinaisa(n)______country.A.North,WesternB.Northern,EasternC.South,EasternD.East,West()25.Everyoneattheparty_____themusicplayedbylittleMozart.A.amazedbyB.wasamazedwithC.amazedtoD.wasamazedat【答案】CBCBAADCDCBDACDBBBDADDDBD三、單詞填空A.根據括號中所給的漢語提示寫出單詞，每空一詞.1.Atfirst,Marywasn'tusedto_____________(筷子).2.Iamvery_______(累的)tolookaftertwopre-schoolchildrenathome.3.Inancienttimes,the____________(皇帝)haveveryhighpower.4.Ithinkit’snotpoliteto________(指向)atothers.5.The_____________(風景)oftheGreatWallislikeadragon.6.Theyhadbuilt______________(暸望塔)toprotectthevillagefromrobbers.7.Itisasuitable____________(地點)foranewschool.8.Large______________(洞穴)isalreadyknownforthousandsofyears.9.Onlya_____________(四分之一)oftheearthisland.10.Ourhometown________(位于)betweenthemountainandthelake.11.Televisionis