PAGEPAGE11.成功是許多人奮斗的目標,但這個目標并非每個人都能實現.在考慮決定一個人在人生中是否成功的多種因素時,我們最先想到的兩個因素是雄心與行動.Successissomethingthatmanypeople

strivefor(1.奮斗),butthatnoteveryoneamongusattains.Whenweconsiderthevariousfactorsthatplayaroleindeterminingwhetherapersonissuccessfulinlife,ambitionandactionaretwoofthefirstto

cometomind(2.馬上想起).

1-奮斗strivefor這里but是連詞,并列的是兩個定從,補全句子有助于理解：Successissomethingthatnoteveryoneamongusattains.

詞典釋義：strive

[stra?v]

(stroveorstrived,strivenorstrived)

verb

intransitive

ADVANCED

■totryveryhardtodosomethingortomakesomethinghappen,especiallyforalongtimeoragainstdifficulties

(尤指長期或不畏艱難地)努力,奮斗,力爭

?[+

to

infinitive]MrRoehaskindledexpectationsthathemustnow

strive

to

liveupto.羅先生激發了人們的期望,現在他必須努力不辜負這種期望.?Inherwritingshestrove

for

abalancebetweeninnovationandfamiliarproseforms.她在寫作中力圖在創新和傳統散文形式之間取得平衡.

外刊例句：Justaswe

strivefor

diversityinourworkforce,weshouldalsostrivefordiversityofthoughtandexperienceonourboards.

()正如我們得努力爭取職員多樣化一樣,我們也得努力讓董事會上充滿各種各種的思想與經驗.

替換表達：strugglefor/fightfor

2-馬上想起的事情thefirsttocometomind序數詞后一般跟todo形式的非謂語作定語.

詞典釋義：come/spring/tomind

phrase

ifsomethingcomestomind,suddenlyyourememberitorstarttothinkaboutit

Theyaskedformycomments,butnothingsprangtomind.

外刊例句：Ifyouhadtochooseadogbreedtotietogetherthemesofmortality,disease,depressionandthwartedambition,it’sunlikelythat

thefirsttocometomind

wouldbeasmooth-haireddachshund.

()若要選一種狗與諸如死亡、疾病、沮喪和挫敗等主題相聯系,那么你首先想到的肯定不會是那毛茸茸的臘腸狗.

替換表達：occur

tosomebody

2.很多人都有夢想或抱負,但并不是所有人都愿意投入時間和精力去讓他們的目標到達終點.Manypeoplehavedreamsoraspirations,butnotallofthemarewillingto

committhetimeandenergy

(1.投入時間和精力)requiredtoseetheirgoalsthroughto

thefinishline(2.終點線).

1-投入時間和精力committhetimeandenergy某一次的時間和精力(力氣)中,精力是不可數名詞,用單數形式;如果是復數形式的energies則取的含義是一個人"全部的注意力、心神”,例如Shehadstartedtodevoteherenergiestoteachingratherthanperforming...她已經開始將精力從表演轉移到教學中./Wemustconcentrateourenergiesontreatingaddictionfirst.我們必須首先集中精力治療毒癮.

詞典釋義：commit[k?'m?t]

verb

(-tt-)

PROMISE

承諾

IMPROVER

intransitive

or

transitive

■topromiseorgiveyourloyalty,timeormoneytoaparticularprinciple,personorplanofaction

承諾,保證;(使)忠于;(使)致力于;投入(時間或金錢)

?[R]Likesomanymen,hehasproblemscommittinghimself

to

arelationship.像許多男人一樣,他也有用情不專的問題.?Thegovernmentmust

commit

itself

to

improving

healthcare.政府必須致力改善醫療保健服務.?Oncewehavecommitted

to

thiscourseofactionthereisnogoingback.一旦我們承諾采取這個行動,就沒有回頭路.

外刊例句：Overtime,wehadmetwithnumerouscelebritiesaspiringtobreaktheirwayintothefashionindustry,butonlyaselectfewseemedwillingto

committhetimeandenergy

requiredtobuildabrandthatcouldstandthetestoftime.

()長久以來,我們遇到過無數志在于時尚界大展鴻圖的名人,但僅極少數愿意投入足夠精力來建立起經久不衰的品牌.

2-終點線thefinishline

詞典釋義：finishinglinealso

'finishline

AmE

1.

thefinishinglinethelineatwhicharaceends〔比賽的〕終點線：?Jamescrossedthefinishlineinjustunderfourminutes.詹姆斯不到四分鐘就沖過了終點線.

外刊例句：The

TourdeFrancecelebratedits100thanniversaryonSaturdayJune29th,with198cyclistssettingofffromPorto-Vecchio,Corsicaona3,404km(2,115mile)racetothefinishline

ontheChampsélyséesinParis.

()環法自行車大賽將于六月29日慶祝其100周年紀念日,屆時將有198名自行車賽車手歷經3404公里,從韋基奧港到達香謝麗大街,進行最后沖刺.

3.人們可能會因為一些原因而無法實現他們的抱負,比如懶惰、厭惡風險或者信心不足.然而,那些真正希望能獲得成功的人必須克服這些障礙,并且學會采取行動.Peoplemayfailtoactontheirambitionsforavarietyofreasons,suchaslaziness,

riskaversion

(1.厭惡風險)oralackofconfidence.However,thosewhotrulywishtosucceedmustovercomethese

barriers

(2.障礙)andlearntotakeaction.

1-厭惡風險riskaversion這里acton并不直譯為"實現”,合適的直譯含義是"按照……來行動”,即failtoactontheirambitionsforavarietyofreasons,suchaslaziness直譯為"由于各種原因沒能按照自己的目標來行動,例如懶惰”.這個短語是要表達,不是因為努力到最后沒有實現,而是從一開始就行動不足(failtoacton).

詞典釋義：aversionUK

[?'v?：.??n/

UK

[-??n]

US

[-'v?：.??n]

noun

countableusuallysingular

■(apersonorthingwhichcauses)afeelingofstrongdislikeorofnotwishingtodosomething

厭惡,反感;討厭的人(或事物)

?Ifeltaninstant

aversion

to

hisparents.我立刻對他的父母產生了反感.?Shehasadeep

aversion

to

getting

upinthemorning.早上她很不愿意起床.?Greedismy

pet

aversion

(=thethingIdislikemostofall).我最痛恨貪得無厭.

外刊例句：Theexperimentersthenbegantotesttheiranimals'

riskaversion.Theydidthisbyofferingthemthreedifferenttradingregimesinsuccession.

()這些研究者隨后給測試者接連提供三種貿易制度,來測試出他們對于動物的厭惡程度.

學生錯誤表達：Hate

hazard點評：hazard一般指"危險物,危害物”,例如：ahealth/firehazard健康／火災隱憂,hazard用在該語境中不合適.

2-障礙barriers

詞典釋義：barrier

●●●○○1.N-COUNT可數名詞

障礙;壁壘;阻礙

A

barrier

issomethingsuchasarule,law,orpolicythatmakesitdifficultorimpossibleforsomethingtohappenorbeachieved.?Dutiesandtaxesarethemostobvious

barrier

tofreetrade.關稅和稅收是自由貿易的最大壁壘.2.N-COUNT可數名詞

隔閡;阻礙

A

barrier

isaproblemthatpreventstwopeopleorgroupsfromagreeing,communicating,orworkingwitheachother.?Thereisnoreasonwhyloveshouldn'tcrosstheage

barrier...愛沒有理由不能跨越年齡的阻礙.

?ShehadbeenwaitingforSimontobreakdownthe

barrier

betweenthem...她一直在等待西蒙打破他們之間的隔閡.

?Whenyougetinvolvedinsportsandathletes,alotoftheracial

barriersarebrokendown.當你參與到體育運動中的時候,很多種族隔閡就消失了.

外刊例句：Theansweristhatthereareabunchof

barriers

thatgetintheway.

()我們在這里四處碰壁,這就是答案.

替換表達：surmountdifficulties/obstacles

4.取得成功是一個循序漸進的過程;我們可能需要數年,甚至數十年的時間才能發揮我們的潛力.雄心能給我們帶來希望與樂觀,使我們精神高昂,并且幫助我們保持健康的精神狀態,從而使我們擁有耐心和力量不斷前行,直到我們實現追求.Achievingsuccessis

agradualprocess(1.循序漸進的過程);itmaytakeusseveralyears,orevendecades,torealizeourpotential.Ambitioncanprovideuswithhopeandoptimism,

keepourspiritshigh(2.使我們精神高昂),andhelpusto

maintainastateofspiritualwell-being

(3.保持健康的精神狀態)sothatwehavethepatienceandstrengthtoforgeaheaduntilwehavesucceededinourendeavors.

1-循序漸進的過程agradualprocess

詞典釋義：gradual['gr?d.j?.?l]['gr?d?.?.?l]

adjective

IMPROVER

■happeningorchangingslowlyoveralongperiodoftimeordistance

逐步的,逐漸的;平緩的

?Therehasbeena

gradual

improvement

inoursalesfiguresoverthelasttwoyears.在過去的兩年里,我們的銷售額一直在逐步上升.?Asyougofurthersouth,youwillnoticea

gradual

change

ofclimate.當你一路往南走下去的時候,你就會注意到氣候的細微變化.

外刊例句：The

gradualprocess

ofopeningtheSaudistockmarkettoforeigninvestorshastakenasignificantstepforwardwiththeannouncementthatnon-residentswillbeentitledtotradeinlocalstocksthroughSaudiintermediaries.

()沙特政府逐步開放該國股票市場給國外投資者,這是向前邁進的重要一步,而且它還宣布無公民資格者也可通過當地人來投資本地股票市場.

替換表達：a

step-by-stepprocess

2-使我們精神高昂keepourspiritshigh

詞典釋義：high16.ADJ-GRADED能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

興奮的;興高采烈的

Ifyourspiritsare

high,youfeelhappyandexcited.?Herspiritswere

high

withthehopeofseeingNickinminutesratherthanhours.她很興奮,因為再過幾分鐘而不是幾小時后就有希望見到尼克了.

外刊例句：Weareencouragedtoshoptosupporttheeconomy,buttherearebetterwaysto

keepour

spiritshigh

intimesofrecession.()(政府)鼓勵我們去多購物來支援經濟,但(政府)在此經濟衰退時刻,其實有更好的方法來振奮人心.

學生錯誤表達：Have

anactivespirit點評：spirit不可以用active來修飾,可以說be

ingood/highspirits

3-保持健康的精神狀態maintainastateofspiritualwell-being

詞典釋義：

spiritual

●●●○○1.ADJ形容詞

精神(上)的;心靈(上)的

Spiritual

meansrelatingt