Unit4Protectingourheritagesites測試（B卷·提升能力）（時間：100分鐘，滿分：120分）第一部分閱讀(共兩節,滿分50分)第一節(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（2022·廣東·金山中學高一期末）Beforewarandtimedestroymoreofourimportantculturalsites,weneedtosavethemin3-Ddigitallibraries.Across163differentcountries,1,000naturalandculturalhistoricplacesmakeupourmostprecioushumanheritage,whichUNESCOcallsWorldHeritageSites.Welosealittleofthatheritageeveryday.War,climatechangeandpollutionhaveabadeffect,asdowindandrain.The$4millionayearthatUNESCOspendsonpreservationisnotnearlyenoughtotakecareofeventhefourdozensitesconsideredatapproachingriskofbeinglostforever.Nowthere’sabetterchoice.Newdigital-conservationtechnologiesletusholdontothem,atleastvirtually(虛擬地),through3-Dscanning,modelinganddigitalstorage.Suchprojectscanbeaccomplished(完成)throughcooperationbetweengovernments,universities,industryandnon-profitorganizations.Tomakea3-Dmodel,alaser(激光)scannerbounceslightoffanobjectandrecordstheresults.Toreproduceeverycornerandopening,thescannercollectsoverlapping(重疊的)imagesfromallpossibleangles.Acomputerthensewsthemtogetherintoonelargesurfaceimageanddrawslinesfromonepointtoanothertocreateawire-framemodel.High-resolutiondigitalcamerasaddcolorandtexture.Whenfullyputtogether,themodelscanbeviewed,printedoroperated.Thesescansdomorethanpreserveamemoryinadatabase.Withhighlyaccuratemeasurements,archaeologists(考古學家)canfindhiddenpassagesorrevealancientengineeringtricks.Schoolkidscanexploreplacestheymightotherwiseneversee.Andwhenasiteisdestroyed,thescanscanevenbeusedtoreconstructwhatwasthere.ThathasalreadyhappenedforoneWorldHeritageSite,theKasubiTombsinUganda.Builtofwoodin1882,theyweredestroyedbyfirein2010andrebuiltin2014,basedinlargeparton3-Dmodelsmadein2009.Morethan100WorldHeritageSiteshavebeenalreadypreservedas3-Dmodels,andconservationistsareracingtorecordasmanymoreaspossible.1．Howdoestheauthorshowthenecessityfor3-Ddigitallibrariesinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Bylistingthethreatstoourhumanheritage.B．Byintroducingsomedamagedhistoricalsites.C．Byquotingsomeexperts’viewsonheritageprotection.D．ByexplainingUNESCO’sresearchonWorldHeritageSites.2．FromParagraph3welearnthat________.A．Thefunctionofalaserscanneristoaddcolorandtexturetotheimage.B．Thereflectionoflightoffanobjectisrecordedinacomputer.C．Theprocessofmakinga3-Dmodelissuccessfullycarriedoutwiththehelpofalaserscanner,acomputerandhigh-resolutiondigitalcameras.D．High-resolutiondigitalcamerasmakethemodelsviewable,printable,andoperable.3．WhatdoweknowabouttheKasubiTombsinUganda?A．Itismetal-framed.B．Itisstillinitsoriginalcondition.C．Itwasoncedestroyedinanearthquake.D．Itwasreconstructedthanksto3-Dmodels.4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaythroughthistext?A．Neverignorethedestructivepowerofwar.B．Takeactiontoreducepollutioninhistoricplaces.C．Takeadvantageof3-Dtechnologytokeephistory.D．InvestmoremoneytopreserveWorldHeritageSites.【答案】ACDC【分析】本文是一篇說明文。利用三維數字技術可以更好地保護世界歷史文化遺產。1．推理判斷題。通讀第一二段尤其是根據第一段“Beforewarandtimedestroymoreofourimportantculturalsites,weneedtosavethemin3-Ddigitallibraries.(在戰爭和時間摧毀我們更多的重要文化遺址之前，我們需要將它們保存在三維數字圖書館中)”和第二段“Welosealittleofthatheritageeveryday.War,climatechangeandpollutionhaveabadeffect,asdowindandrain.(我們每天都會失去一點遺產。戰爭、氣候變化和污染以及風雨都會產生不良影響)”可知，人類遺產面臨戰爭、氣候變化和污染等方面的巨大威脅，作者通過列舉人類遺產面臨的威脅來說明建立三維數字圖書館的必要性。因此，在前兩段中，作者說明三維數字圖書館的必要性的方法是A項“Bylistingthethreatstoourhumanheritage.(通過列舉人類遺產面臨的威脅)”符合題意，故選A項。2．主旨大意題。通讀第三段，尤其是根據“Tomakea3-Dmodel,alaser(激光)scannerbounceslightoffanobjectandrecordstheresults…Acomputerthensewsthemtogetherintoonelargesurfaceimageanddrawslinesfromonepointtoanothertocreateawire-framemodel…Whenfullyputtogether,themodelscanbeviewed,printedoroperated.(為了制作一個三維模型，激光掃描儀將光線反射到物體上并記錄結果……然后計算機將它們縫合成一個大的表面圖像，并從一個點到另一個點繪制線，以創建一個線框模型……當完全組合在一起時，可以查看、打印或操作這些模型)”可知，本段主要介紹三維模型的制作過程。因此，從第三段我們了解到是C項“Theprocessofmakinga3-Dmodelissuccessfullycarriedoutwiththehelpofalaserscanner,acomputerandhigh-resolutiondigitalcameras.(在激光掃描儀、計算機和高分辨率數碼相機的幫助下，成功地完成了制作三維模型的過程)”符合題意，故選C項。3．細節理解題。根據最后一段“ThathasalreadyhappenedforoneWorldHeritageSite,theKasubiTombsinUganda.Builtofwoodin1882,theyweredestroyedbyfirein2010andrebuiltin2014,basedinlargeparton3-Dmodelsmadein2009.(烏干達的卡蘇比陵墓已經成為世界遺產。它們是1882年用木頭建造的，2010年被大火燒毀，2014年重建，主要基于2009年制造的三維模型)”可知，烏干達的卡蘇比陵墓的重建，主要基于2009年制造的三維模型。因此，我們對烏干達的卡蘇比陵墓了解的是D項“Itwasreconstructedthanksto3-Dmodels.(多虧了三維模型，它才得以重建)”符合題意，故選D項。4．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據第一段“Beforewarandtimedestroymoreofourimportantculturalsites,weneedtosavethemin3-Ddigitallibraries.(在戰爭和時間摧毀我們更多的重要文化遺址之前，我們需要將它們保存在三維數字圖書館中)”可知，作者寫本文是想呼吁利用三維技術重建文化遺產，留住歷史。因此，作者打算通過本文說明C項“Takeadvantageof3-Dtechnologytokeephistory.(利用3D技術記錄歷史)”符合題意，故選C項。B（2022·重慶·高二期末）Chinesepeoplelovefoodmadeofflour,whetheritbedumplings,orflatbread.Inthehandsofsillartisans(手藝人),flourismadeintolovelymodelsofpeopleoranimalstobeenjoyedandplayedwith,whichbringsauniquekindofpleasure.Thisartformiscalleddoughfigurine(面塑).Amongthevariousatstylesofdoughfigurines,Beijing’sDoughFigurineLangisauniquefolkart,whichisfilledwiththerichhistoryandcustomsofthecapitalcity.TheirdelicateandlovelyhandicraftsarestorytellersofoldandnewBeijing.In2008,itwasincludedinthelistofnationalintangibleculturalheritage.ItwascreatedbyLangShao’an.Mostofthedoughfigurinesareanimalsandcharactersfromlegends,historicalstories,andlocaloperas.Thefinishedproductiseitherputattheendofathinstick,oronatablefordisplay.Somearemostlyforchildrentoeatorplaywith,withsimpleformsandvividdecorations,whilesomearedelicatepiecesofartworkfordisplayonly.Forthisreason,duringthemakingprocesstheyareoftenmixedwithadditives(添加劑)topreventthemfrombreakingup,beingeatenbyinsectsorgrowingmoldy.Overthecourseofhislongcareer,LangShao’andevelopedasetofsillfingerswithanelegantartisticsense.LangJiaziyu,bornin1995,isthethird-generationinheritorofDoughFigurineLang.Whenhewas15,hecreatedBeijingOlympicMascotshapeddoughfigurineswhichwerehighlypraised.Helooksabitmorefashionablethanotherfolkartisans.Inhisskilledhands,popcultureiconssuchasfiguresbasedonMarvelcomicscharactersandChinesemythologicalfigureNezhawithsmokymakeup,areresonatingwithyoungpeople.LikemostoftheotherintangibleculturalheritagehandicraftsinChina,DoughFigurineLangdoesnotgetasmuchattentionfromthepublic.Fewyoungpeoplearewillingtotakethetimetomasteraskillthatdoesnotmakemoney,whichhasledtoadeclineinthenumberofthosewhoaredevotedtothehandicraft.Goodhandicraftsneedthedevotionofartisansfromonegenerationtoanother.5．WhatisspecialaboutDoughFigurineLang?A．ItreflectsBeijing’sculture.B．Itiscreatedbymanyfamousartists.C．Itshowspeople’slifestylesandbeliefs.D．Itispopularwithbothtouristsandthelocals.6．Whydoartisansaddadditivestodoughfigurines?A．Tomakedoughfigurinestastegood.B．Tokeepcolorsbrighterandlastlonger.C．Tohelpshapedoughintovariousforms.D．Tobetterpreservethefinishedproducts.7．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Suggestionsforotherfolkartisans.B．Differentartstylesofdoughfigurines.C．LangJiaziyu’sachievementsasanartisan.D．Thepopularityofmoderndoughfigurines.8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tocallonpeopletomasteraskill.B．Toappealtopeopletovaluethisfolkart.C．Toteachpeoplewaystoappreciatethehandicraft.D．Topersuadepeopletoprotectnationalculturalheritage.【答案】ADCB【分析】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國傳統民間藝術之一的面人郎的獨特魅力和制作技藝，呼吁人們重視這項傳統手工藝。5．細節理解題。根據第一段“Amongthevariousatstylesofdoughfigurines,Beijing’sDoughFigurineLangisauniquefolkart,whichisfilledwiththerichhistoryandcustomsofthecapitalcity.(在眾多的面人風格中，北京面人郎是一種獨特的民間藝術，它展現了首都豐富的歷史和習俗)”可知，北京面人郎這項民間藝術反映了歷史悠久的北京文化，故選A項。6．細節理解題。根據第二段“duringthemakingprocesstheyareoftenmixedwithadditives(添加劑)topreventthemfrombreakingup,beingeatenbyinsectsorgrowingmoldy.(在制作過程中它們常常與添加劑混合(添加劑),以防止它們破碎，被蟲子吃掉或發霉的增長)”可知，制作面人時加入添加劑，是為了更好地保存它們。故選D項。7．段落大意題。根據第三段的“LangJiaziyu,bornin1995,isthethird-generationinheritorofDoughFigurineLang.Whenhewas15,hecreatedBeijingOlympicMascotshapeddoughfigurineswhichwerehighlypraised.(郎佳子彧，1995年生，面人郎的第三代傳人。15歲時，他創作了北京奧運會吉祥物面塑，深受好評)”以及下文內容可知，第三段主要描述LangJiaziyu取得的藝術成就，故選C項。8．目的意圖題。根據最后一段“Fewyoungpeoplearewillingtotakethetimetomasteraskillthatdoesnotmakemoney,whichhasledtoadeclineinthenumberofthosewhoaredevotedtothehandicraft.Goodhandicraftsneedthedevotionofartisansfromonegenerationtoanother.(很少有年輕人愿意花時間去掌握一項不賺錢的技能，這導致了從事這門手藝的人數下降。好的手工藝品需要一代又一代工匠的奉獻)”可知，全文通過介紹面塑的制作和引人擔憂的發展現狀，呼吁廣大讀者重視面塑這項傳統民間藝術，故選B項。C（2021·湖南·雅禮中學高二期中）AsmoreandmorepeoplespeakthegloballanguageofEnglish,Chinese,Spanish,andArabic,otherlanguagesarerapidlydisappearing.Infact,halfofthe6,000-7,000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywillbelikelytodieoutbythenextcentury,accordingtheUnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations—UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem—haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.MarkTurin,ascientistattheMacmillanCenter,YaleUniversity,whospecializesinthelanguagesandoraltraditionsoftheHimalayas,isfollowinginthattradition.Hisrecentlypublishedbook,AGrammarofThangmiandTheirCulture,growsoutofhisexperienceliving,working,andraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.DocumentingtheThangmilanguageandcultureisjustastartingpointforTurin,whoseekstoincludeotherlanguagesandoraltraditionsacrosstheHimalayanreachesofIndia,Nepal,Bhutan,andChina.Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.AttheUniversityofCambridgeTurindiscoveredawealthofimportantmaterials—includingphotographs,films,taperecordings,andfieldnotes—whichhadremainedunstudiedandwerebadlyinneedofcareandprotection.Now,throughthetwoorganizationsthathehasfounded—theDigitalHimalayaProjectandtheWorldOralLiteratureProject—Turinhasstartedacampaigntomakesuchdocuments,foundinlibrariesandstoresaroundtheworld,availablenotjusttoschoolsbuttotheyoungergenerationsofcommunitiesfromwhomthematerialswereoriginallycollected.ThankstodigitaltechnologyandthewidelyavailableInternet,Turinnotes,theendangeredlanguagescanbesavedandreconnectedwithspeechcommunities.9．Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto________.A．promotegloballanguages B．rescuedisappearinglanguagesC．searchforlanguagescommunities D．setuplanguageresearchorganizations10．Whatdoes“thattradition”inParagraph3referto________.A．havingdetailedrecordsofthelanguages B．writingbooksonlanguageusersC．tellingstoriesaboutlanguagespeakers D．livingwiththenativespeakers11．WhatisTurin’sbookbasedon?A．TheculturalstudiesinIndia. B．ThedocumentsavailableatYale.C．HislanguageresearchinBhutan. D．HispersonalexperienceinNepal.12．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTurin’swork?A．Write,sellanddonate. B．Record,repairandreward.C．Collect,protectandreconnect. D．Design,experimentandreport.【答案】BADC【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述學者們正在努力記錄瀕臨消失的語言和文化，來挽救這些語言。耶魯大學的科學家MarkTurin專門研究喜馬拉雅山的語言和口述傳統，并他根據自己在尼泊爾一個村莊的生活經歷寫了一本書。他不只是滿足把這些語言在滅絕前記錄下來，他要把他們挽救下來，和現在的語言進行重新的連接。9．細節理解題。根據第二段“Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss,scholarsfromanumberoforganizations-UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem–haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.(為了防止語言消失，包括聯合國教科文組織和國家地理在內的一些組織的學者們多年來一直在記錄正在消亡的語言及其所反映的文化)”可知，許多學者正在努力記錄瀕臨消失的語言和文化，來挽救這些語言。故選B項。10．詞句猜測題。根據第二段內容可知許多學者正在努力記錄瀕臨消失的語言和文化，來挽救這些語言。由第三段“MarkTurin,ascientistattheMacmillanCenter,YaleUniversity,whospecializesinthelanguagesandoraltraditionsoftheHimalayas,isfollowinginthattradition.(耶魯大學麥克米倫中心(MacmillanCenter)專門研究喜馬拉雅山語言和口述傳統的科學家MarkTurin遵循了這一傳統)”可知，MarkTurin也參與到記錄正在瀕臨消失的語言和文化的傳統，挽救語言的行動中；結合第四段“Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.(但他并不滿足于在這些聲音消失之前就把它們錄下來)”可知，他想要做更加詳細的語言記錄，所以“thattradition”指的是“詳細的語言記錄”，故選A項。11．細節理解題。根據第三段“Hisrecentlypublishedbook,AGrammarofThangmiwithanEthnolinguisticIntroductiontotheSpeakersandTheirCulture,growsoutofhisexperienceliving,lookingandraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.(他最近出版了一本名為《唐米語法》的書，書中用民族語言介紹了唐米人及其文化，這本書是基于他在尼泊爾一個村莊生活、觀察和養家的經歷寫成的)”可知，他的書是根據他在尼泊爾一個村莊的生活經歷寫的。故選D項。12．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Generationsofcommunitiesfromwhomthematerialswereoriginallycollected.(最初收集這些材料的幾代人的社區)”和“Turinnotes,theendangeredlanguagescanbesavedandreconnectedwithspeechcommunities.(Turin指出，這些瀕臨滅絕的語言可以被保存下來，并與語言社區重新建立聯系)”可知，Turin的作品是從最初的材料上進行的收集，他的作品使瀕臨危險的語言得到了保護，并且與言語重新連接。因此對他的作品做好的描述是具有收集，保護和重新連接的作用。故選C項。D（2021·安徽省懷寧縣第二中學高二期中）"ThefirefightersofParistoldmetheyareveryhopefulaboutsavingthenortherntower,"FrenchJuniorInteriorMinisterLaurentNunezsaidonTwitterlateMonday,addingthatthefirefightingeffortswouldcontinueforhours.TheNotreDameCathedral(巴黎圣母院)，oneofthemostfamouslandmarksintheFrenchcapital，wasengulfedinflamesMondayeveningasacatastrophicfiretorethroughthehistoricstructure，collapsingitsspireasfireofficialsracedtosavethemonumentfromtotaldestruction.Videoandphotospostedonsocialmediashowedflamesengulfingthecathedral,thusboththeceilingandthe90-meterspirecamecrashingdown.Thefirespreadtooneofthecathedral'stowers,butFrenchofficialssaidlateMondaythatfirefighterswereoptimistictheycouldsavebothtowers.FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronsaidanationalfundraisingcampaignwouldbelaunchedonTuesdayandcalledontheworld's"greatesttalents"toassistintheeffort."Wewillrebuild,Macrontoldreporters."WewillrebuildNotreDamebecausethisiswhattheFrenchexpect,becausethisiswhatourhistorydeserves.Officialssaidtherewerenodeathsinthefire.Jean-ClaudeGallet,chiefoftheParisianfiredepartment,saidonefirefighterwasinjuredwhilerespondingtotheflame.Two-thirdsofthecathedral'sroofwasdestroyed,Galletsaid.Thefirebrokeoutjustbeforep.m.minutesafterthecathedral,whichhasbeenpartlyrebuilt,closedtothepublic.Around30000peoplevisitthechurchdaily.DespiteitslonghistoryandmanytreasurestheCathedralneededthehelpofawritertobecometrulyfamous.VictorHugo's1831novel,TheHunchbackofNotre-Dame,presentedthebuildingtoawideaudienceofreaders.Thebook'suglyleadcharacter,Quasimodo,servesasasymbolforParisforgottenGothicarchitecture.Hugowrotethebooktoremindpeopleofit,withhopetheywouldworktoprotectthebeautifuloldbuildingsofParis.Thelossofculturalrelicswillnevercomeagainiftheyarelostonlyonce.Thisisapainfullossofworldcivilization.13．Thefollowingissuesarewronglystatedinthetextexcept________________.A．theNotreDameCathedralwastotallydestroyedB．firefighterswerepessimisticbecausetheycouldn'tsavebothtowersC．anationalfundraisingcampaignwouldbelaunchedtorebuildthecathedralD．theCathedralbecametrulyfamousforitslonghistoryandmanytreasures14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"engulfed"inParagraph2mean?A．Flooded. B．Swallowed.C．Disappeared. D．Constructed.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AfirebrokeoutintheNotreDameCathedralB．ThemysteryoftheNotreDameCathedralC．AnationalfundraisingcampaignD．TherebuildingoftheNotreDameCathedral【答案】CBA【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，文章報道了舉世聞名的法國巴黎圣母院發生火災的相關事宜。13．細節理解題。根據第四段中的“FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronsaidanationalfundraisingcampaignwouldbelaunchedonTuesday”可知，法國總統埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍說,一個全國性的籌款活動將于周二發起，由此可知,為了重建巴黎圣母院，法國發起了一個全國性的籌款活動，故選C。14．詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的“inflamesMondayeveningasacatastrophicfiretorethroughthehistoricstructure”可知，一場災難性的大火吞噬了這座歷史建筑，此處是說巴黎圣母院的部分建筑也被大火吞沒了，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“吞沒”,與B項意思相近，故選B。15．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章主要報道了巴黎圣母院火災的時間、損毀狀況、解決措施等，所以A項（巴黎圣母院發生火災）為本文的最佳標題，故選A。【點睛】詞義猜測題的難度較大，對畫線詞上下文的理解是關鍵，例如本篇第2題，根據畫線詞后的“inflamesMondayeveningasacatastrophicfiretorethroughthehistoricstructure”可知，一場災難性的大火吞噬了這座歷史建筑，此處是說巴黎圣母院的部分建筑也被大火吞沒了，特別是“inflames”表明畫線詞詞義為“吞沒”。第二節(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2021·四川·威遠中學校高二期中）The24solarterms(節氣)arepartofthetraditionalChinesecalendar.TheChinesepeopledividedayearinto24segments(片段)basedonthesun’spositioninthezodiac(黃道十二宮)._____16_____Theyreflectthechangesoftheseasons,climateandphenology(生物氣候學).TheYellowRiverBasininnorthernChinaisbelievedtobethecradle(搖籃)ofthesolartermssystem._____17_____Theymarkthingslikeseasons,temperature,precipitation(降水),growthofthecropsandweatherconditions.Manyfarmersstillrelyonthesolartermstoworkinthefields.Mostofthesolartermsbearwiththemrichsocialandculturalmeanings._____18_____The“PureBrightness”isalsoreferredtoasTomb-SweepingDay,whenpeoplepayrespecttothosetheyhavelost.Theancientcalendarremainsrelevanttothisday._____19_____TheculturallegacyreflectstheChinesepeople’srespectfornatureandtradition,theiruniqueunderstandingoftheuniverse,theirwisdomtoliveinharmonywithnatureandtheworld’sculturaldiversity,saidZhangLing,anofficialwiththeMinistryofCulturein2017.ItistheyouthofChinawhocanbesthelpcarryonthissignificantpartofourculture._____20_____Manyyoungpeoplehavealreadybeencontributingtheirenergyandstrengthtothisfeat.Infact,theyhavebeenlivinguptothischallengethroughratherartisticmeans.Manyphotos,essaysandpaintingshavecenteredaroundthethemeofthe24solartermsandexpressedthevitalityandrichtraditionofChinesehistory.A．Eachsegmentiscalledasolarterm.B．Forinstance,duringthe“StartofWinter”,peopleeatdumplings.C．Thesun’spositionsbringaboutmanythingsrelatedtohumanlife.D．Theirwisdomforlifeandnaturemadethesolartermssystempopulartoday.E．Theircreativityandconsciousnesscanbringnewlifetoancientculture.F．Solartermswereinstructionsforagriculturalproductionandpeople’sdailylives.G．ThishaslongbeenacentralelementoflifeinChina,andwemustprotectit.【答案】AFBGE【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國古代的二十四節氣是如何產生的。二十四節氣到現在依然在被廣泛運用，這也代表了中國人們對古代文化遺產的尊重。二十四節氣也將被中國的青年一代傳承下去。16．上文“TheChinesepeopledividedayearinto24segmentsbasedonthesun’spositioninthezodiac.(中國人民基于太陽在黃道十二宮的不同位置，把一年分為了24個部分)”說明了二十四部分是根據什么劃分的，設空處承上啟下，下文“Theyreflectthechangesoftheseasons,climateandphenology.(它們反映了季節，氣候和生物氣候學所產生的變化)”指出二十四節氣反映了什么。A項“每一個部分叫做一個節氣。”指出了這二十四部分和二十四節氣的關系，且A項中的“segment”與上文一致。故選A項。17．下文“Theymarkthingslikeseasons,temperature,precipitation(降水),growthofthecropsandweatherconditions.Manyfarmersstillrelyonthesolartermstoworkinthefields.(它們可以標記季節、溫度、降水、莊稼的生長和天氣狀況。許多農民仍然依靠節氣在地里干活)”說明了節氣對于農民和人民日常生活的重要性。F項“節氣指導著農業生產和人們的日常生活。”引出下文，符合文意。故選F項。18．上文“Mostofthesolartermsbearwiththemrichsocialandculturalmeanings.(大多數節氣都具有豐富的社會文化意義)”指出，大部分節氣都有豐富的社會意義和文化意義，下文“The“PureBrightness”isalsoreferredtoasTomb-SweepingDay,whenpeoplepayrespecttothosetheyhavelost.(“清明節”也被稱為掃墓節，人們在這一天向逝者表示緬懷)”舉例說明了清明節的社會文化意義。B項“例如，在節氣“冬至”期間，人們要吃餃子。”舉例說明了冬至的習俗，與下文構成并列關系。故選B項。19．上文“Theancientcalendarremainsrelevanttothisday.(古代歷法至今仍然適用)”說明二十四節氣在今天依然重要。設空處承上啟下，下文“TheculturallegacyreflectstheChinesepeople’srespectfornatureandtradition,theiruniqueunderstandingoftheuniverse,theirwisdomtoliveinharmonywithnatureandtheworld’sculturaldiversity(這個文化遺產反映了中國人民對自然和傳統、對宇宙的獨特理解、他們與自然和諧相處的智慧以及對世界文化的多樣性的尊重)”指出了二十四節氣的重要意義。G項“長期以來，這一直是中國生活的核心要素，我們必須保護它。”符合文意，由于上下文所提及的二十四節氣的重要性，所以必須保護它。故選G項。20．通過上文“ItistheyouthofChinawhocanbesthelpcarryonthissignificantpartofourculture.(正是中國的年輕人,能最好地傳承我們文化中的這一重要組成部分)”以及下文“Manyyoungpeoplehavealreadybeencontributingtheirenergyandstrengthtothisfeat.(許多年輕人已經在這個事業上貢獻出他們的精力和力量了)”可知，中國年輕人能更好地傳承二十四節氣這一文化遺產，并且有許多年輕人已經為之付出努力了。E項“他們的創造力和意識可以給古代文化遺產帶來新的生命。”符合文意，承上啟下。故選E項。第二部分語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。（2021·上海市松江一中高二期中）Archaeologistsarescientistswhosearchforcluesthathelpformaclearerpictureofthelivespeopleledinthepast.Archaeologyisamodernscience,butithasbeen____21____forcenturies.Morethan2,400yearsago,theGreekhistorianHerodotusdescribedtheEgyptianpyramidsandothermonuments.Hemayhavebeenthefirstwritertoconsiderthatremainsand____22____couldprovideinformationfor____23____generations.Formorethanathousandyears,however,such____24____wereobserversratherthanresearchers.Inthe1700s,scientistsandadventurersfromavarietyofcountriestraveled____25____toexploreancientssites.Digsthatarestill____26____beganin1709atHerculaneum,anItaliancityburiedinashduringtheexplosionofMountVesuviusinA．D．79.TheDanishscholarTheDanishscholarCarstenNiebuhrvisitedtheruinsofPersepolisintheMiddleEastin1754tostudycuneiformwriting(楔形文字).____27____,archaeologydidn’tbecomeawidelyrecognizedscienceandschooldidn’trecognizethesubjectasascholarlypursuituntilthe19thcentury.Thetermitselfwas____28____in1837.ItcomesfromaLatinwordmeaning“thestudyofantiques(古物)”.OneofthefirstarchaeologiststouseascientificapproachtothedisciplinewasHeinrichSchliemannofGermany，whointhelate1800s____29____theancientcivilizationofthecityofTroy.Today，archaeologistsuncoverthepastinmanydifferent____30____,includingdesertsandjungles，atsitescalleddigs.Ancientsources,folktales,andlandscapefeaturescansuggestwherearchaeologistsshouldlook.Surveysofthelandhelpthemchoosesites____31____toprovideartifacts,theobjectsthatwillunlockthestoryofaparticularpeople—theirdailylives,theirbeliefs,andtheirtiestoothercultures.Asite,however,doesnothavetobeoldtobeinterestingtoanarchaeologist.Someprefertostudymore____32____settlements.Onescientist,forinstance,studiescoalminingcampsinCaliforniabyexaminingthegarbagethatminers____33____.Archaeologistsmayworkforuniversities,museumsorgovernments,andsomeofthemareinvolvedineducatingthepublicabout____34____ancientsites.Artifacthunterswhoare____35____historyrobtheseplacesandsellwhattheyfindforafewdollarstoimmoraldealersinantiquities.21．A．advancing B．changing C．digging D．evolving22．A．books B．history C．ruins D．science23．A．lost B．later C．older D．several24．A．inventors B．scholars C．visitors D．writers25．A．extensively B．nationwide C．regularly D．together26．A．inprogress B．ingoodcondition C．ondisplay D．outofcontrol27．A．Besides B．However C．Instead D．Meanwhile28．A．coined B．considered C．recognized D．used29．A．created B．developed C．established D．investigated30．A．countries B．fields C．locations D．ways31．A．certain B．likely C．ready D．necessary32．A．honorable B．peaceful C．rural D．recent33．A．gaveaway B．gaveoff C．leftbehind D．leftout34．A．choosing B．examining C．studying D．protecting35．A．awareof B．fedupwith C．ignorantof D．familiarwith【答案】DCBBAABADCBDCDC【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了考古學的發展以及考古學家們的工作內容。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：考古學是一門現代科學，但它已經發展了幾個世紀。A.advancing前進；B.changing改變；C.digging挖掘；D.evolving發展，進化。結合后文“forcenturies”指考古學已經發展了幾個世紀，應用evolve。故選D。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他可能是第一個認為遺跡和廢墟可以為后人提供信息的作家。A.books書籍；B.history歷史；C.ruins廢墟；D.science科學。根據上文“remainsand”以及常識，考古學主要是研究遺跡和廢墟，即遺跡和廢墟可以為后人提供信息。故選C。23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他可能是第一個認為遺跡和廢墟可以為后人提供信息的作家。A.lost迷路的；B.later較晚的；C.older年長的；D.several幾個。根據后文“generations”可知，考古學主要是研究以前遺跡和廢墟，來為后人提供信息。故選B。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一千多年來，這些學者都是觀察者而不是研究者。A.inventors發明家；B.scholars學者；C.visitors游客；D.writers作者。根據上文“theGreekhistorianHerodotus”和后文“wereobserversratherthanresearchers”可知，此處指研究遺跡和廢墟的學者，在一千多年的時間里都只是觀察者，而不是研究者。故選B。25．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在18世紀，來自不同國家的科學家和冒險家進行了大量的旅行，以探索古代遺跡。A.extensively廣泛地；B.nationwide全國性的；C.regularly定期地；D.together一起。根據本處“scientistsandadventurersfromavarietyofcountriestraveledtoexploreancientssites”和常識可知，要找到古代遺跡，需要廣泛地旅行探索。故選A。26．考查固定短語辨析。句意：赫庫蘭尼姆的挖掘工作始于1709年，在公元79年維蘇威火山爆發期間，這座意大利城市被火山灰掩埋，目前仍在進行中。A.inprogress正在進行；B.ingoodcondition狀況良好；C.ondisplay在展出；D.outofcontrol失控。根據上文“Digsthatarestill”可知，赫庫蘭尼姆的挖掘工作目前仍在進行中。故選A。27．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，考古學并沒有成為一門被廣泛認可的科學，直到19世紀學校才將其作為一種學術追求。A.Besides此外；B.However然而；C.Instead相反；D.Meanwhile同時。結合前后文語境可知為轉折關系，應用however。故選B。28．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個詞是在1837年創造的。A.coined創造；B.considered考慮；C.recognized識別；D.used使用。根據上文“Thetermitselfwas”和下文“ItcomesfromaLatinwordmeaning“thestudyofantiques(古物)””可知，archaeology這個詞來自一個拉丁詞，意思是“古董研究”，說明“archaeology”這個詞是被創造出來的，應用coin表示“創造新詞”。故選A。29．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：德國的海因里希·施利曼是最早使用科學方法研究這一學科的考古學家之一，他在19世紀末調查了特洛伊城的古代文明。A.created創造；B.developed發展；C.established建立；D.investigated調查。根據后文“theancientcivilizationofthecityofTroy”和“Surveysoftheland”可知，此處指海因里希·施利曼在19世紀末調查了特洛伊城的古代文明。故選D。30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，考古學家們在許多不同的地方發現了過去的歷史，包括沙漠和叢林，這些地方被稱為挖掘點。A.countries國家；B.fields領域；C.locations位置；D.ways方法。根據后文“includingdesertsandjungles”指在不同的地方發現過去的歷史。故選C。31．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對這片土地的調查幫助他們選擇可能提供史前器物的地點，這些物品將揭示一個特定民族的故事——他們的日常生活、他們的信仰以及他們與其他文化的聯系。A.certain必然的；B.likely可能的；C.ready準備好的；D.necessary必要的。根據前文“Surveysoftheland”和后文“toprovideartifacts”可知，對考古地點調查是為了找到遺跡，此處指找到可能提供文物的地點。故選B。32．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人更喜歡研究最近時期的定居點。A.honorable光榮的；B.peaceful和平的；C.rural農村的；D.recent最近的。根據上文“Asite,however,doesnothavetobeoldtobeinterestingtoanarchaeologist.”可知，考古學家感興趣的遺址并不一定是古老的，說明有些人更喜歡研究最近時期的定居點。故選D。33．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：例如，一位科學家通過檢查礦工留下的垃圾來研究加州的煤礦營地。A.gaveaway贈送；B.gaveoff發出；C.leftbehind留下；D.leftout忽視。根據上文“thegarbagethatminers”可知，此處指曠工留下的垃圾。故選C。34．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：考古學家可能為大學、博物館或政府工作，他們中的一些人從事教育公眾關于保護古代遺址的工作。A.choosing選擇；B.examining檢查；C.studying學習；D.protecting保護。根據前文“some