PAGE?選修八Unit1———————————?基礎盤點·自測自評?———————————eq\a\vs4\al(重點詞匯)閱讀單詞快速排查本單元閱讀詞匯并在不相識的詞匯前劃√□straitn．□Arcticadj.□ministryn．□shavevi.&vt.□vicen．&adj.□federaladj.□aircraftn．□nephewn．□tramn．□cattlen．□bakeryn．□ferryn．&vt.□seagulln．□mournvt.&vi.□authorityn．□railn．□nowhereadv.□brakevi.&vt.□polen．□fascinatingadj.核心單詞1.occurvi.發生；出現2.graspvt.&n．抓住；抓緊；駕馭；領悟3.reformvt.&vi.改革；革新n．改革；改造；改良4.hirevt.&n．租用；雇用5.thoughtfuladj.關切的；愛護的；深思的6.justicen．正義；公允7.insertvt.嵌入；插入8.despiteprep.盡管；不管9.hardshipn．苦難；困苦10.luggagen．行李(〈美〉baggage)11.thankfuladj.感謝的；感謝的12.boomn.(人口、貿易的)旺盛vi.處于經濟快速發展時期13.civiladj.公民的；國內的；民間的拓展單詞1.distinctadj.清楚的；明顯的；明確的→distinctionn．差別；區分；卓著2.immigrantn.(從外國移入的)移民→immigratevi.移入(外國定居)→immigrationn．移民；移居入境3._meansn．手段；方法→meanv．意味著adj.吝嗇的→meaningn．意思；意義(拓展速記1)4.majorityn．大多數；大半→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．專業→minorityn．少數5.electvt.選擇；確定做某事；選舉某人→electionn．選舉6.crossingn．橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道→crossvi.橫過7.applicantn．申請人→applyvi.&vt.申請→applicationn．申請書；申請8.indicatevt.指出；標示；表明；示意→indicatorn．指示者；指示器→indicationn．指示；表明9.apparentadj.自不待言的；明顯的；表面上的→apparentlyadv.明顯地；自不待言地10.fascinatingadj.迷人的；吸引人的→fascinatedadj.著迷的；被深深吸引的→fascinatevi.入迷vt.使著迷；使神魂顛倒→fascinationn．魅力；魔力；入迷11.punishmentn．懲罰；懲處→punishv．懲罰；懲處[語境活用]用所給詞的適當形式填空1.HeindicatedthatIshouldgivehimsomeindicationsofhowIdidinthetest.(indicate)2.Apparently,shetooknonoticeoftheapparentmistakesintheaccident.(apparent)3.AlltheapplicantscanapplyinpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheirapplicationsbeforeMay5th.(apply)4.ItisbadnewsfortheimmigrantsthattheUKmadenewlawstorestrictimmigration.ThosewhowanttoimmigratetotheUKmustfulfillmorerequirements.(immigrate)5.Hewontheelectionandwaselectedpresidentofthecountry.(elect)6.Theresultsofthesurveyfellintodistinctgroups.Theoldwerescholarsofgreatdistinctionwhiletheyoungweretheopposite.(distinct)7.OneofthemajorproblemsisthatamajorityofthegraduateswhomajorinEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob.(majority)8.“Walkacrossthisstreetandturnleftatthefirstcrossing，”theboytoldthelady.(cross)走進高考1.means熟義：n.手段；方法生義：n.財寶；錢財Arethemonthlyrepaymentswithinyourmeans(＝Canyouaffordthem)？2.distinct熟義：adj.清楚的；明顯的；明確的生義：adj.迥然不同的；有區分的TherearetwodistinctgroupsofpeoplewithintheUKfigures.eq\a\vs4\al(高頻短語)1.liveon接著存在；接著生存2.bymeansof...用……方法；借助……3.makealife習慣于新的生活方式、工作等4.keepup堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、傳統等)5.backtoback背靠背6.teamupwith...與……合作或一起工作7.markout用線畫出范圍；標出……界線8.takein包括；汲取；理解；欺瞞(拓展速記2，3)9.agreat/goodmany很多；很多10.applyfor申請；請示得到[語境活用]用左欄短語的適當形式填空1.Hediedtenyearsago,buthismemoryliveson.2.Thethiefhadwantedtoescapebymeansofasecrettunnel,butwascaught.3.Onthewaytothehotel,Iaskedhimagreatmanyquestions.4.Hepreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthanteamupwithanyoneelse.5.Whenwearrivedatthekindergarten,wesawagroupofchildrensittinginarowbacktoback,playingagame.6.Somepeoplefromthecountryfindithardtomakealifeinbigcities.7.Myhouseisfull.Ican'ttakeinanymoreguests.8.Indoingmyreading,IoftenmarkoutwhatIregardasimportantinabook.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式)1.Itislikelythat...“很可能……”[原句]However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，土著美國人很有可能在至少一萬五千年前就在加利福尼亞生活了。[仿寫]對我們學生而言參觀長城很有可能是一次難忘的經驗。ItislikelythatavisittotheGreatWallforusstudentsisanunforgettableexperience.2.Thatiswhy...“那就是……的緣由”[原句]Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今日有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或其次語言的緣由。[仿寫]他癡迷電腦嬉戲，那就是他為什么必需輟學的緣由。Heisaddictedtocomputergames,andthat'swhyhehastodropoutofschool．3.Itisbelievedthat...“人們認為/信任……”[原句]Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們認為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會特別之大，以致于不行能存在一種明顯主要的種族或文化群體，而是多種族、多文化的混合體。[仿寫]人們信任努力工作就能勝利。Itisbelievedthathardworkcanleadtosuccess.4.過去分詞作狀語[原句]Builtin1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrewHallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthanhorse-drawntrams.纜車系統建于1873年，是由安德魯·哈利迪獨創的，他試圖找到一種比馬拉軌道車更好的交通方式。[仿寫]老師對他所做的事情很滿足，于是在班上表揚了他。Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhimintheclass.eq\a\vs4\al(拓展速記)1.單復數同形的名詞aircraft飛機antelope羚羊bison野牛buffalo水牛crab螃蟹Cantonese廣東人Chinese中國人deer鹿fish魚Japanese日本人means方法reindeer馴鹿sheep綿羊Swiss瑞士人series系列spacecraft太空船species種類2.“v.＋in”短語集萃(一)believein信任bringin引起；產生；帶來callin召來dropin偶然來訪；順便走訪fillin填充getin收獲givein屈服handin上交；遞交involvein涉及3.“v.＋in”短語集萃(二)joinin加入；參與liein在于majorin主修pullin(車)進站；吸入putin放進；提出resultin導致sharein共享succeedin勝利takein包括；汲取；消化；欺瞞turnin上交———————————?考點串講·重點突破?———————————1．meansn．手段；方法|對接高考|——單句語法填空①(重慶卷閱讀理解)Inotherwords,Englishweather-speakisameans(mean)ofsocialbonding.②Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried(try),butnonehasworked.③Studentssometimessupportthemselvesbymeansofdoingpart-timejobs.|考點歸納|ameansofcommunication一種通訊/溝通工具byallmeans(用于交際用語表示同意)當然可以；沒問題bymeansof通過；用；借助于bynomeans決不；一點也不(放在句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序)bythismeans用這種方法|名師點睛|means用作“方式，方法”時單復數同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式。|實力提升|——句型轉換④Youshallbynomeansmakethemistakeagain.→Bynomeansshallyoumakethemistakeagain.(改為倒裝句)2．majorityn．大部分；大多數；大半|對接高考|——單句語法填空①(安徽卷閱讀理解)Formanyyears,themajority(major)ofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.②ImajorinEnglishatuniversity.③AmajorityofAfricansare(be)forcedtoworkfortheEuropeans.|考點歸納|(1)a/themajorityof...大多數……beinthe/amajority占大部分/大多數(2)minorityn．少數intheminority占少數(3)majorn．&v．主修；專業majorin...主修……；以……為專業|名師點睛|(1)themajority單獨作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數也可用復數。(2)“the/amajorityof＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數與of后面的名詞保持一樣。|實力提升|——完備寫作·背誦④(2015年浙江卷書面表達)當我有不同看法的時候，我可能選擇放棄自己的觀點，敬重大多數人的觀點。WhenIhaveadifferentopinion,Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority．3．occurvi.發生；存在；出現；(想法)產生|對接高考|——單句語法填空/單句改錯①(天津卷閱讀理解)Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.②Itdidn'toccurtohertoask(ask)forhelp.③Astheywentdown,theweathergotworse.Thenanothertroublewasoccurred.去掉was|考點歸納|sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事4．makealife習慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生|對接高考|——完成句子①TheoperationshouldenableBobbytolive/leadanormallife(過一種正常的生活)．②TheywenttoLondonanddecidedtomakealife(習慣于新的生活方式)there.③Thedoctorbelieveshecanbringherbacktolife(讓她醒悟過來)．④Tooursurprise,hecametolife(醒悟過來)soon.|考點歸納|(1)cometolife醒悟；變得活躍live/leada...life過著一種……的生活comebacktolife醒悟過來；復原生氣bring...backtolife使……醒悟過來；給……活力(2)make/earna/one'sliving謀生5．takein包括；汲取；理解；欺瞞；收留；改小；改瘦|對接高考|——寫出下列句子中黑體部分的含義①ThedresswasbigsoIhadtotakeinatthewaist.改小②Ifounditeasytotakeinwhattheteachersaidinclass.理解③Weplantotakeinmorenewclubmembers.汲取④Womenareoftentakeninbyproductsforlosingweight.欺瞞⑤Hewashomeless,sowetookhimin.收留⑥ThetourtakesinsixEuropeancapitals.包括；包含|考點歸納|takeback收回；取回takedown拿下；寫下；登記takeon呈現；雇用；擔當takeoff起飛；匆忙離去；脫下takeover接收；接管；取代takeup占去；占據；起先從事6．That/Thisiswhy...那/這就是……的緣由(教材佳句)Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.那就是今日有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或其次語言的緣由。|對接高考|——單句語法填空①(2015年廣東卷閱讀理解)Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.②Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.③Thereasonwhyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.④Thereasonthathewasillyesterdayissuchabadexcuse.|考點歸納|(1)this/thatisbecause...這/那是因為……(2)thisisthereasonwhy...這就是……的緣由(3)thereasonwhy...isthat...……的緣由是……(why引導定語從句)(4)thereasonthat...is...……的緣由是……(that引導同位語從句)7．bythetime＋從句(教材佳句)BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國第31個州的時候，它已經是一個有著多種文化的社會了。|對接高考|——單句語法填空①Bytheendofnextmonth,wewillhavefinished(finish)ourproject.②Bythetimehewastwelve,hehadlearned(learn)mathematicsallbyhimself.③Bythetimehewentabroad,hewas(be)fourteen.④Bynow,wehaverealized(realize)itsimportance.|考點歸納|(1)bythetime＋從句，意為“當……的時候”，假如主句動作不強調已經完成，只是說明過去某個時候的狀況，主句常用一般過去時。(2)bythetime引導時間狀語從句，意為“到……時候為止”。(3)bythetime＋一般過去時，主句常用過去完成時。(4)bythetime＋一般現在時(表將來)，主句常用將來完成時。●eq\a\vs4\al(學問主線串記——————————————————————————)Part1Part2ThenumberofimmigrantstoAmericaisthelargestintheworld,themajorityofwhomarefromEurope.NowhereelseintheworldlikeAmericaattractssomanyimmigrants.Agreatmanyofthemsufferedhardshipsandracialprejudicebutstillmanagedtomakeanewlifethere.Inthehistory，theChineseimmigrationintoCaliforniadatesbacktothe1850s.AgreatmanyChinesewenttoCaliforniatomakeafortune.Aftertheirarrival,someofthemsufferedalot,buttheygraduallytookinAmericanEnglish.MostofthemkeptuptheirChinesecustoms,sothecustomsliveonintheirnewhome.TheydidreallymakeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofAmerica.———————————?隨堂檢測·基礎過關?———————————Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Onlybythismeanscanyoudoitwell.2．Themajoritywere/was(be)ontheEngland'steam,whichgreatlydisappointedthem.3．TheBrownssettleddowninChinaandmadealifeforthemselves.4．Jackoversleptthismorning.Thatiswhyhewaslateforwork.5．Inthepastfewyears,thevillagehastakenonanewlook.6．Rudolphjuststoodthere,sayingnothing.Apparently(apparent)hewasamanoffewwords.7．Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceivepunishment(punish)．8．Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmanyapplicants(apply)．9．Onhisarrival(arrive)inBeijing,hegavehismotheracallatonce.10．Walkingaloneinthedark,theboywhistledtokeepuphiscourage.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Itoccurredhertoadoptallpossiblemeanstosolvetheproblem._________________________________________________________________答案：occured后加to2．Therewereover500applicantstothejob._________________________________________________________________答案：to→for3．Themajorityofthestudentshaspassedtheirbiologyexam._________________________________________________________________答案：has→have4．Hewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany，andthenewscame,infact,asasurprise._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉第一個the5．Atthemeeting,youngpeoplewereonthemajority._________________________________________________________________答案：on→in———————————?話題拓展·素養升華?———————————Ⅰ.課文里的高考依據課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSA1.buthasthelargestpopulation.ItisthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA.Thisisnot2.surprising(surprise)whenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia3.whichhasattractedpeoplefromnearlyeverycountryintheworld.Noonereallyknowswhenthefirstsettlersarrivedin4.whatwenowknowasCalifornia.ScientistsbelievethattheNativeAmericansreachedAmerica5.bymeansofalandbridge.Inthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen.In1848,goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaand6.thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Infact,fewachievedtheirdream,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifefor7.themselves(they)．Inmor