PAGE專題1第4講A閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。(2024·北京通州一模)Infectiousdiseasesandassociateddeathshavereduced，buttheyremainasignificantthreatthroughouttheworld.Infectiousdiseasesoutbreaksandthefearandpanicthataccompanythempresentvariouseconomicrisks.First，therearecoststothehealthsystem，bothpublicandprivate，ofmedicaltreatmentoftheinfectedandofoutbreakcontrol.Concernoverthespreadofarelativelycontainedoutbreakcanleadtodecreasedtrade.Travelandtourismtoregionsaffectedbyoutbreaksarealsolikelytodecline.Somelong-runningoutbreaks，suchasHIV，preventforeigndirectinvestment.Theeconomicrisksarelarge.Itisestimatedthattheexpectedyearlycostofinfectiousdiseasesisatroughly$500billion.Evenwhenthehealthimpactofanoutbreakisrelativelylimited，itseconomicconsequencescanquicklybecomeexpanded.Liberia，forexample，sawGDPgrowthdecline8percentagesfrom2013to2014duringtheEbolaoutbreakinAfrica.Theriskiscomplex，butpolicymakershavetoolsinresponse.Investinginimprovedhealthcare，supplyofcleanwater，andbetterhealthsystemscanreducethefrequencyofhumancontactwithviruses.Investmentinreliablediseasemonitoringinbothhumanandanimalpopulationsisalsocritical.Withinformalglobalwatchsystems，insteadofdiscouragingreportingpossibleoutbreaks，itmaybebeneficialtodevelopincentivesforreportingsuspectedcases，ascountriesmayreasonablyfeartheeffectsofsuchreportingontrade，tourism，andothereconomicoutcomes.Informalmonitoringsystems，socialmediaforexample，whichcollectinformationfromofficialreports，mediareports，onlinediscussions，andeyewitnessobservations，canalsohelpnationalhealthsystemsandinternationalrespondersgetaheadoftheoutbreaknewsduringtheearlystages.Cooperationsformonitoringinfectiousdiseasesreadinessatthenationallevelprovideinformationnationalgovernmentscanusetoreacttimelytotheiroutbreaks.Thereisasignificantmarketfailurewhenitcomestovaccines(疫苗)againstindividuallow-probabilityvirusesthatcollectivelyarelikelytocausepanic.Giventhelowprobabilitythatanysinglevaccineofthistypewillbeneeded，highResearchandDevelopment(R&D)costs，anddelayedreturns，medicalcompanieshesitatetoinvestintheirdevelopment.However，responsibleinternationalcorporationssuchasCFPIcanovercomethismarketfailure.Itsgoalsincludeadvancingcandidatevaccinesagainstspecificlow-probability，high-severityvirusesthroughproofofconcepttoenablerapidclinicaltestingintheeventofoutbreaks.ItalsoaimstofunddevelopmentofinstitutionalandtechnicalplatformstospeedR&Dinresponsetooutbreaksforwhichtherearenovaccines.Undoubtedly，humansandinfectiousviruseswillcoexist.However，wecantakeeffectivemeasurestomanagetheriskofthediseases.Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewell-beinginthefuture.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentives”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Habits. B．Opinions.C．Arguments D．Rewards.2．CFPIisaspecialcompanywhich.A．isabletopredictthetrendofthemarketB．developsvaccinesagainstinfectiousvirusesC．makeshugeprofitsbysellinggeneralmedicineD．employsstaffwhograduatefromfamousuniversities3．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Moreimportanceshouldbeattachedtohealthcaresystems.B．All-levelcooperationsarerequiredtohandleinfectiousdiseases.C．Itwillnotbelongbeforemankindthoroughlydefeatstheviruses.D．Technologiesholdthekeytothesettlementofmedicalproblems.4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HealthRisksandResearchofInfectiousDiseasesB．GlobalCooperationandSpreadofInfectiousDiseasesC．EconomicImpactandSolutionsofInfectiousDiseasesD．MedicalServiceandDevelopmentofInfectiousDiseases【答案】1.D2.B3.B4.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述了傳染性疾病會使人們恐驚，使社會面臨巨大經濟風險。但通過改善醫療保險、清潔水的供應和更好的衛生系統可以削減人類接觸病毒的頻率。此外，地方、國家和國與國之間的多層面合作也有助于限制傳染性疾病。1．詞義揣測題。依據劃線部分所在句子“Withinformalglobalwatchsystems，insteadofdiscouragingreportingpossibleoutbreaks，itmaybebeneficialtodevelopincentivesforreportingsuspectedcases，ascountriesmayreasonablyfeartheeffectsofsuchreportingontrade，tourism，andothereconomicoutcomes.”可知，在全球檢測系統中，與其阻擋報告可能的疫情，還不如發展報告疑似病例的incentive，因為各國可能有理由擔憂報告對貿易、旅游和其它經濟成果的影響。劃線詞所在的上下文是轉折關系。依據上文的discouraging推想劃線部分的意思是“嘉獎”。D.Rewards.(嘉獎。)符合以上說法。故選D項。2．細微環節理解題。依據倒數其次段的“However，responsibleinternationalcorporationssuchasCFPIcanovercomethismarketfailure.Itsgoalsincludeadvancingcandidatevaccinesagainstspecificlow-probability，high-severityvirusesthroughproofofconcepttoenablerapidclinicaltestingintheeventofoutbreaks.”(然而，像CFPI這樣負責任的國際公司可以克服這種市場失靈。它的目標包括通過概念驗證，推動針對特定低概率、高嚴峻性病毒的候選疫苗，以便在疫情發生時能夠進行快速臨床試驗。)可知，CFPI是一個研發抗傳染病毒疫苗的公司。B.developsvaccinesagainstinfectiousviruses(開發抗傳染性病毒的疫苗)符合以上說法。故選B項。3．推理推斷題。依據第一段的“Infectiousdiseasesandassociateddeathshavereduced，buttheyremainasignificantthreatthroughouttheworld.”(傳染病和相關死亡已經削減，但它們仍舊是全世界的重大威逼。)和最終一段的“However，wecantakeeffectivemeasurestomanagetheriskofthediseases.Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewell-beinginthefuture.”(然而，我們可以實行主動的措施來管理疾病的風險。現在地方、國家和多國層面實行聯合活動，這可以大大有助于在適當的時候愛護我們全部人平安。)可推想，傳染性疾病的限制須要全部層面的合作。B.All-levelcooperationsarerequiredtohandleinfectiousdiseases.(解決傳染性疾病須要各個層面的合作。)符合以上說法。故選B項。4．標題歸納題。依據文章的主要內容，尤其是第一段的“Infectiousdiseasesoutbreaksandthefearandpanicthataccompanythempresentvariouseconomicrisks.”(傳染性疾病的爆發以及隨之而來的恐驚和恐慌帶來了各種經濟風險。)和第五段的“Investinginimprovedhealthcare，supplyofcleanwater，andbetterhealthsystemscanreducethefrequencyofhumancontactwithviruses.”(在改善醫療保險、清潔水的供應和更好的衛生系統的投資，可以削減人類接觸病毒的頻率。)以及最終一段的“Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewell-beinginthefuture.”(現在地方、國家和多國層面實行聯合活動，這可以大大有助于在適當的時候愛護我們全部人平安。)可知，本文主要講解并描述了傳染性疾病帶來的經濟風險，以及解決方法。C.EconomicImpactandSolutionsofInfectiousDiseases(傳染性疾病的經濟影響和解決方法)可以作為本文標題。故選C項。B閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。(2024·北京海淀一模)Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters.Forinstance，BenedictCumberbatchsaid，“MymomsaysI’mmuchmoreimpatientwithherwhenI’mfilmingSherlock.”MarkSeton，aresearcherattheUniversityofSydney，hasevencoinedtheterm“post-dramaticstressdisorder”todescribethelastingeffectsexperiencedbyactorswholosethemselvesinarole.“Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied，”hewrites.Arecentfindingdoesn’tinvolveacting，anditindicatesthatmerelyspendingsometimethinkingaboutanotherpersonseemedtoruboffonthevolunteers’senseofself，ledbyMeghanMeyeratPrincetonUniversity.Acrossseveralstudies，theseresearchersaskedvolunteerstofirstratetheirownpersonalities，memoriesorphysicalattributes，andthentoperformthesametaskfromtheperspectiveofanotherperson.Forinstance，theymightscoretheemotionalityofvariouspersonalmemories，andthenratehowafriendorrelativewouldhaveexperiencedthosesameevents.Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.Forinstance，iftheyhadinitiallysaidthetraitterm“confident”wasonlymoderatelyrelatedtothemselvesandthenratedthetermasbeingstronglyrelatedtoafriend’spersonality，whentheycametorescorethemselves，theynowtendedtoseethemselvesasmoreconfident.Remarkably，thismorphingoftheselfwithanotherwasstillapparentevenifa24-hourgapwasleftbetweentakingsomeoneelse’sperspectiveandre-ratingoneself.“Bysimplythinkingaboutanotherperson，wemayadaptourselvestotaketheshapeofthatperson，”saidMeyerandhercolleagues.Thatoursenseofselfshouldhavethisqualitymightbealittlediscouraging，especiallyforanyonewhohasstruggledtoestablishafirmsenseofidentity.Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere，too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasierthanwethought.Byroleplayingoractingoutthekindofpersonwewouldliketobecome，ormerelybythinkingaboutandspendingtimewithpeoplewhoembodythekindofattributeswewouldliketoseeinourselves，wecanfindthatoursenseofselfchangesindesirableways.“Aseachofuschooseswhotobefriend，whotomodel，andwhotoignore，”writeMeyerandhercolleagues，“wemustmakethesedecisionsawareofhowtheyshapenotonlythefabricofoursocialnetworks，butevenoursenseofwhoweare.”5．Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly.A．statethatactingrequiresskillsB．explainthestressthatanactorfacesC．showthataroleleavesamarkontheactorD．stresstheimportanceofdevotingoneselftoarole6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ruboffon”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Influence. B．Strengthen.C．Confuse. D．Determine.7．Accordingtothestudy，takingtheperspectiveofanotherperson.A．bringschangestoone’sself-knowledgeB．motivatesonetobetterunderstandhimselfC．helpspeopledealwiththeiridentityproblemsD．producestemporaryeffectsonone’scharacter8．Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy?A．Itoffersinstructionsonmakingfriends.B．Itproposesameanstoimproveourselves.C．Itgivesadviceonadjustingone’semotions.D．Itpresentsawaytodealwithstressdisorder.【答案】5.C6.A7.A8.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。演員扮演的角色往往會在演員身上留下烙印，演員會受到自己所參演角色的影響，并且這種影響會很長久。生活中我們也會受到他人的影響，但是我們也能夠變更自己，進一步提升自己。5．段落大意題。依據文章第一段第一句“Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters”．以及其次段結尾句“Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied”可知演員會受到自己所參演角色的影響，并且這種影響會很長久。故正確答案是C。6．詞義揣測題。通過文章第四段前兩句“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.”可知，志愿者對于自己的認知受到了第三方的影響。故正確答案是A。7．細微環節理解題。依據文章第四段“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirself-knowledgewasnowchanged—theirself-scoreshadshiftedtobecomemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.”可知志愿者的自我認知受到了第三方的影響，進一步發生了變更。故正確答案是A。8．主旨大意題。通過文章倒數其次段“Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere，too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasier”可知通過這項探討我們可以知道變更自己并不是很困難的事情，進一步可以對我們自身進行提升。故正確答案是B。C閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。(2024·廣東省高考模擬)Anadvanceinelectronicpublishingcouldmaketheebookyouarereadingseemasdatedasasilentfilm.Publishershopetoexplorethegrowingsuccessofebooksbyreleasingversionswithaddedsoundtracksandmusicalaccompaniments.Thenoisesinthefirstmultimediabooks—releasedinBritainonFriday—includerainhittingawindowinaSherlockHolmestale.Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart，backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.InAmerica，worksbyShakespeareandJaneAustenhavealreadybeenreleasedwithmusicandbackgroundnoisesothat，forexample，readerscanhearteacupsclinkinginMr.Darcy’sgardenastheyreadPrideandPrejudice.Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics，however，willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.CarolineMichel，chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency，saidthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.Shesaid，“Youngpeoplehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”Booktrack’ssoundeffectsworkbyestimatingtheuser’sreadingspeed.Eachtimeyou“turn”apage，thesoftwarereassesseswhereyouhavereachedinthetextandtimesthesoundstoswitchonaccordingly.Ifthesoundtrackbecomesoutofsynch(同步)，aclickonanywordwillre-setit.Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.DavidNicholls，authorofOneDay，thebestsellernowreleasedasafilm，said，“Thissoundsliketheoppositeofreading.IhaveenoughtroublereadinganebookbecauseI’mconstantlydistractedbyemails.”StuartMacBride，thecrimewriterwhosenovelShattertheBoneswasanebookbestseller，sells18%ofhisbooksaselectronicdownloads.Hesaid，“IfI’mreading，Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”9．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Opinionsaboutebookswithsoundtracks.B．Responsetotheneedofthebookmarket.C．Reasonsfortraditionalebooksbecomingoutdated.D．Suggestionsonencouragingreaders’imagination.10．Whatdopublishersexpectanebooksoundtracktodo?A．Helptoreleaseanebookasafilm.B．Helpreadersimprovereadingspeed.C．Addtensionatabook’sexcitingpoint.D．Getreadersfamiliarwiththebackground.11．Whoisinfavourofaddedsoundtracksforebooks?A．Mr.Darcy. B．CarolineMichel.C．DavidNicholls. D．StuartMacBride.12．WhatdoweknowaboutStuartMacBride?A．Hewasapersonwhowaseasytogetangry.B．Heknewagreatdealaboutteaandteaculture.C．Eighty-twopercentofhisbooksdescribedcrime.D．Heimaginedsoundsrelatedtothestorywhenreading.【答案】9.A10.C11.B12.D【解析】這是一篇爭論文。文章說明白出版商希望通過發行帶有附加音軌和音樂伴奏版本的電子書，支持者認為，聲音效果是電子書的下一個合乎邏輯的發展，并將增加年輕讀者的興奮。然而，指責家會爭論說，噪音會破壞閱讀所激發的想象的簡潔樂趣。文章介紹了不同的人對此的看法。9．主旨大意題。依據第三段“Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics，however，willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.”可知支持者認為，聲音效果是電子書的下一個合乎邏輯的發展，并將增加年輕讀者的興奮。然而，指責家會爭論說，噪音會破壞閱讀所激發的想象的簡潔樂趣。結合文章說明白出版商希望通過發行帶有附加音軌和音樂伴奏版本的電子書，介紹了不同的人對此的看法。由此可知，這篇文章主要講了對帶有配樂的電子書的看法。故選A。10．細微環節理解題。依據其次段中“Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart，backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.”可知當書的情節發展到最激烈人心的部分時，背景的得分會制造驚慌感。由此可知，出版商希望一個電子書原聲帶在書中令人興奮的地方增加驚慌感。故選C。11．推理推斷題。依據第四段中“CarolineMichel，chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency，saidthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.”可知這家文學機構的首席執行官CarolineMichel表示，新一代懂電腦的讀者習慣于多重感官輸入。以及“Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”可知假如這是市場想要的，那么我們應當對市場作出反應。由此可推知，CarolineMichel支持為電子書添加配樂。故選B。12．細微環節理解題。依據最終一段中“Hesaid，’IfI’mreading，Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.’”可知他說：“假如我在看書，我會在腦子里制造響聲。我不須要有人告知我茶杯叮當的聲音是什么樣的。那會激怒我的。”由此可知，StuartMacBride在閱讀時想象與故事有關的聲音。故選D。D閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。(2024·山東省試驗中學高三6月模擬考試)Whyshouldmostofushatespiderswhenweknowdeeplyhowmuchgoodtheydo？Isitbecausetheysomehowseemsoalien？Afterall，whatotherlandcreaturesonearthhaveeightlegs？Whatothercreaturesspinsilkwebsinwhichtocatchandwraptheirpreytopreserveitforthefuture，muchasweputfoodinthefridgetoeatlater？Idonotpersonallysufferfromarachnophobia，thenamegiventoanabnormalfearofspiders，butIcan’tsaythatIlikethelittlebeasts.However，somepeopledo，andtheyactuallykeepthemaspets!Thereisawidevarietyofspidersintheworld.Infactithasbeenestimatedthattherearesome35,000species—fromlittle“moneyspiders”thatliveinyourbackgarden，tothe“blackwidowspider”，andthe“tarantula”，thespiderthatisnowsometimeskeptasapet.Atarantulacanbeanyoneofalargehairyspidersfamilyandthereareabout800speciesofthem.Whileexpertscantellthedifferencebetweenspeciesataglance，mostareusuallydescribedinreferencebooksas“ratherslowly”with“astrongbitewhichmaybepoisonous”．Theyarecoveredwithhairswhichcancausearash(皮疹)iftheyarehandled.Noonehascalculatedthenumberofhumandeathscausedbyabitefromatarantulaperhapsbecauseithasneverhappened，orhappenedsorarely，andindeedatarantulawilldonoharmtoanyoneifhandledcorrectly.Theirdisgustingimagecannotbelietheirgentlenaturebutexpertstellusnottohandleatarantulawithoutexpertadvice.Tarantulasarepopularaspetsanditrequiresverylittlespacetomaintaintheminexcellentcondition.Theyshouldbekeptsinglyinaglasscontainer，whichneednotbeverylargebutshouldhavealayerofstonesinthe