ICS

07.040

CCS

A76

中華人民共和國國家標準

GB/T18314—2024

代替GB/T18314—2009

全球導航衛星系統（GNSS）測量規范

Specificationsforsurveyandmeasurementofglobalnavigationsatellitesystem

2024-08-23發布2025-03-01實施

國家市場監督管理總局發布

國家標準化管理委員會

GB/T18314—2024

目次

前言

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Ⅲ

1

范圍

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1

2

規范性引用文件

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1

3

術語和定義

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1

4

基本要求

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2

5

級別劃分和測量精度

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3

5.1

級別劃分

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3

5.2

用途

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3

5.3

測量精度

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3

6

GNSS網布設

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4

6.1

布設基本要求

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4

6.2

設計要求

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4

6.3

GNSS點命名

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5

6.4

技術設計

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5

7

選點

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5

7.1

選點準備

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5

7.2

點位基本要求

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5

7.3

輔助點與方位點

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6

7.4

選點作業

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6

7.5

選點后上交的資料

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6

8

埋石

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6

8.1

標石

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6

8.2

埋石作業

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6

8.3

標石外部整飾

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7

8.4

關鍵工序的控制

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7

8.5

埋石后上交的資料

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7

9

儀器

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7

9.1

接收機選用

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7

9.2

儀器檢驗

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8

9.3

儀器維護

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8

10

觀測

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8

10.1

基本技術要求

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8

10.2

觀測區的劃分

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9

10.3

觀測計劃

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9

Ⅰ

GB/T18314—2024

10.4

觀測前的準備

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9

10.5

觀測作業的要求

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9

11

外業成果記錄

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10

11.1

A級GNSS網外業成果記錄

···································································

10

11.2

B、C、D、E級GNSS網外業成果記錄

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10

11.3

觀測資料整理

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11

12

數據處理

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11

12.1

基本要求

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11

12.2

外業數據質量檢核

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11

12.3

基線向量解算

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12

12.4

A、B級GNSS網基線處理結果質量檢核

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13

12.5

重測和補測

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14

12.6

GNSS網平差

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15

12.7

數據處理成果整理和技術總結編寫

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15

13

成果驗收與上交資料

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16

13.1

成果檢查與驗收

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16

13.2

提交資料

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16

附錄A(資料性)2000國家大地坐標系統的定義和地球橢球參數

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17

附錄B(規范性)選點與埋石資料及其說明

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18

B.1

點之記

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18

B.2

GNSS點環視圖

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20

B.3

標石類型圖

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20

附錄C(規范性)氣象儀表的主要技術要求

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25

C.1

通風干濕表的主要技術要求和使用

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25

C.2

空盒氣壓表的主要技術要求和使用

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25

附錄D(規范性)測量手簿記錄及有關要求

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26

D.1

測量手簿

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26

D.2

測量手簿記錄內容及要求

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28

D.3

天線高測定方法及要求

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29

附錄E(資料性)歸心元素測定與計算

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30

E.1

GNSS三角測量方法

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30

E.2

純GNSS方法

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30

E.3

三角聯測方法

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30

附錄F(規范性)同步觀測環檢核

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31

Ⅱ

GB/T18314—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結構和起草規則》的規

定起草。

本文件代替GB/T18314—2009《全球定位系統（GPS）測量規范》,與GB/T18314—2009相

比，除結構調整和編輯性改動外，主要技術變化如下：

a）標準名稱變更為《全球導航衛星系統（GNSS）測量規范》；

b）增加3條術語“GNSS網”“獨立基線”“點觀測模式”（見3.8、3.10、3.13）；

c）增加了使用多衛星系統下的共性測量要求，增加了利用北斗衛星導航系統開展測量的規定與描

述（見4.1、10.1.2）；

d）刪除了1980西安坐標系及1954年北京坐標系的參考橢球基本參數等要求（見2009年版的4.4，附

錄A）；

e）增加了使用點位中誤差劃分精度等級的內容（見5.3.2）；

f）更改了選點、埋石中的部分技術細節（見第7章和第8章，2009年版的第7章和第8章）；

g）增加了基線測量中誤差的計算公式（見12.2.5）；

h）更改了技術總結編寫中的部分技術細節（見12.7，2009年版的12.7）；

i）更改了成果驗收的部分內容（見13.1，2009年版的13.1）；

j）更改了點之記及部分標石類型的示例（見附錄B，2009年版的附錄B）；

k）更改了歸心元素計算內容，與測定方法合并（見附錄E，2009年版的附錄E）；

l）增加了同步環閉合差為0時的檢核方法（見附錄F）。

請注意本文件的某些內容可能涉及專利。本文件的發布機構不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由中華人民共和國自然資源部提出。

本文件由全國地理信息標準化技術委員會（SAC/TC230）歸口。

本文件起草單位：自然資源部測繪標準化研究所、中國測繪科學研究院、自然資源部第一大地測量

隊、自然資源部大地測量數據處理中心、武漢大學、國家基礎地理信息中心、江蘇省測繪工程院、自然

資源部四川測繪產品質量監督檢驗站、北京市測繪設計研究院。

本文件主要起草人：肖學年、郭煒信、嚴競新、秘金鐘、程傳錄、馬聰麗、劉站科、姜衛平、

陳華、張鵬、張慶蘭、王勇、譚明建、華劼、賈光軍、李森、呂玉霞、安德恭、尹彤、蔣光偉、

谷守周、張慶濤、張建華、張鳳錄。

本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發布情況為：

—2001年首次發布為GB/T18314—2001，2009年第一次修訂；

—本次為第二次修訂。

Ⅲ