高中英語高考語法不定式講與練6)Itisbadmannerstomakefunofthedisabled.

7)Ithasbeendecidedtobringupthematteratthenextmeetinq.

時態(tài)主動式被動式8)Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.

一般式todotobedone?在下列兩個句型中it是形式主語，不定式是真正主語；ofsb和forsb是不定式的邏輯主語：

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendoneA.Itis/was+形容詞(ofsb)todosth.

進行式tobedoing—【贊揚，責備的形容詞通常用ofsb作邏輯主語：wrong,right,kind,nice,brave,careful,careless,

完成進行式tohavebeendoing—greedy,honest,lazy,modest,selfish,thoughtful,impolite,polite,clever;foolish,silly,stupid,

?不定式的否定形式在to前加上not或者never。cruel,rude,generous,considerate...］

B.Itis/was+形容詞(forsb)todosth.

l)Tellthedrivernottoshoutatthepoliceman.

【以下形容詞通常用forsb作邏輯主語：easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,

2)Lastmonththeteachertoldusnevertncheatintheexams.

possible,safe,dangerous,unusual,wonderful...o多數(shù)情況都用forsb作邏輯主語。］

3)1expectthiskindofmistakenottobemadeagain.

l)Itispolite(ofyou)torespecttheold.

4)You'reluckynottohavebeencaughtbytheenemy.

2)Itisimportant(forus)todoastheRomansdo.

★A.不定式作主語：動詞用單數(shù)

3)Ifsimportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.

l)Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.

2)Toignorehisadvicewillbeamistake.Itisgoodofsbtodosth:某人做什么太好心了。

3)Tocompletethedamin11yearswasagreatachievement.Itisgoodforsbtodosth:做什么對某人有好處。

【表示具體的某次動作，特別是將來發(fā)生的動作，多用不定式作主語。】Thafs/Ifsverykind/niceofyou.非常謝謝你

【表示比較抽象的一般行為或者經(jīng)常性習慣性的動作時，多用doing作主語。］Ifskind/niceofyoutodo...:謝謝你做…

l)ltisqoodofyoutotakemydaughterbackhome.

4)T。imdtehertotomorrow'spartyisnecessary.

2)ltisgoodforyoutogotobedearlyandgetupearly.

5)Tofinishthetaskwilltakealongtime.

★B.不定式作賓語：

6)lnvitingsomebodytoadinnerpartyisreallytroublesome.

like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/affor

7)Drivingacarduringtherushhosnistiring.

d/

?以下句子的it是形式主語，不定式才是真正主語：

offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/a

l)Ifsimportanttolearnhowtousethecomputer.gree/

2)Itisgoodnottodependontheothers.choose/pretend/arrangetodo...:

3)Itisunwiseofyoutoturndowotheirproposal.l)Thebosspromisedtopayme2000USdollarsamonth.

4)Itisagreathonor(forus)tobeinvitedtoyourwedding.2)Wedecidetostudyharderthaneverbefore.

5)Itseemsapitytorefusehisoffer.3)Pleaseremembertobuysomemedicineforthepatientonyourwaybackhome.

?it作形式賓語代不定式：find/think/consider/feel/makeit+形/名+to不定式：★E.不定式作定語：

發(fā)現(xiàn)/認為/使得做…是…l)Ifthere'salotofworktodo,I'mhappytokeeponuntilitisfinished.

l)WefinditnecessarytomasterGermanandFrench.

2)Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.

2)1thinkitapityt。misssuchagoodchance.

3)Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewtodealwithallbyourselveseveryday.

3)Wefeel/thinkitourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.

4)TodayIhavenothing/somethingtosayattheconference.

4)Newtechnologieshavemadeitpossibletoproducenewproductsfasterandata

5)1waswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch.

lowercost.

6)We,rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiont。bemadeatthmeetingwill

★C.不定式作賓語補足語：?

ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/inviinfluencethefutureofourcompany.

te/?不定式作定語，修飾序數(shù)詞等；

need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefersbtodo.l)ThefirstpersontoarriveatthescenewasTonyBlackfromthepolicestation.

l)Ms.HilltoldthestudentstocopyallthewordsandexpressionsinBonkSeven.2)Shewasthefirst/second/third/tenth(student)tocometoschooltoday.

2)MissJansonpersuadedtheboynottosmokeanymore.

3)Heisahardworkingstudent.Heisalwaysthefirsteandthelasttoleave.

?在feel,hear,listento,lookat,see,watch,notice,let,make,have等動詞在主動語態(tài)時，后面作

4)一Thelastonepaysthemeal.

賓語補足語接的動詞前不能加to；但以上動詞如為被動語態(tài)，后面接的動詞前要加tOo

-Agreed!

l)JustnowIsawamanrushoutofthebankcarryingabagofmoney.

A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

2)Everymorningtheblindmanlistenstothebirdssinginthepark.

?以下不定式短語的介詞不能省去，因為它們前面的名詞是它的邏輯賓語：

3)Thebossoftenmakestheboyworklikeacow.

4)Justnowamanwasseentorushoutofthebankcarryingabagofmoney.1)1willfindachairtositon/in?

5)Pauldoesn'thavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard.2)Youshouldfindabrighthousetolivein.

6)TheteacherisoftenlistenedtotosingtheEnglishsongathome.3)Thepainterneedstofindsomewheretolive.

★D.不定式作表語：4)Doyouhaveapent。writealetterwith?

不定式作表語時，主語常是:duty,work,job,task,wish,hope,thing,goal,aim,

5)Youwillhavetobuyapieceofpapertowritethenoticeon.

problem,question,happiness,what,advice,idea”?等：

6)Atthedepartmentstoretherearealotofcamerastochoosefrom.

l)Herdutyistolookaftertheoldleaders.

7)Heisagoodpersontoworkwith.

2)Theirgoalistobecomeadevelopeddistrict.

?以下兩句主語是不定式短語的邏輯賓語：

3)Theproblemiswheretobuildthedam.

l)Thesoftbedisverycomfortabletosleepon.

?to不定式作表語解釋前面do時,t。可省去：

2)1don'tthinkthechairisfirmenoughtostandon.

1)Yesterdayallwedidwas(to)cleanthekitchenandthetoilet.

?注意下面3句的區(qū)別：

2)WhatIwouldliketodotodayis(to)haveagoodsleepathome.

1)1willattendthemeetingtobeheldnextTuesday.(表將來，被動)

3)Theonlythingyouneedtodonowis3。)fillin/up/outtheformimmediately.

2)1attendedthemeetingheldlastFriday.(表過去，完成被動)

4)A11shewantedtodowhenshegotthefirstprizeinthecontestwas(to)saythankstoher

3)1willattendthemeetingbeingheldatthehallnow.(表進行，被動)

teachersandparents.

★F.不定式作目的狀語：

l)Tocompletetheprojectintime,theworkerswillhavetoworkdayandnight.onlydoingsth.表示謂語動詞本身的動作造成的結(jié)果。

2)Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.l)Shehurriedtothestation,0nlytobetoldthatthe9:45trainhadleft.

3)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosavetheir2)Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthe/ky.

valuabletime.3)Hisfatherdied,(only)leavinghim1000poimcls.

形/副+太...而不能做。不定式為結(jié)果狀語。

4)Youmustsetoutatonceinordernot(soas)tobelateforschool.?a.too+todosth:

l)Theboyistooyoungtoattendschool.

5)Manypeoplehavetowearglassesto/inorderto/soast。seedistantobjectsclearly.

2)ThemanisrunningtooslowlytocatchUDwithhisworkmates.

=To/inordertoseedistantobjectsclearly,manypeoplehavetowearglasses.

?b.too+形/副+todosth:非常/很…做。

(soasto一般不放在句首)

這種用法too后的形容詞常是：easy,anxious,eager,willing,glad,pleased,

?to不定式可作目的狀語，doing也可作目的狀語。區(qū)別是doing前常有一個逗號。

ready,satisfied等，并且too前常有not,only,but,all,just。

l)Themanhascometothetown,lookingforhislostwife.

l)Wearenottoosorrytoseethenewsoldiersleaveourhometowns.

2)Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnot1。missanypoint.

2)1amonlytoopleasedtotakepartintheactivity.

?為了做…，某人盡所能；盡力做…

3)Theyknowbuttevwelltokee。itasecret.

dowhatsbcantdsth:

。。4)Mytailorsaretooreadytodosomesewingforthemiddleschoolstudents.

doall(that)sbcantodosth:

5)SuchanearthquakeisalltoolikelytohappenagaininJapan.

doeverything/anything(that)sbcantodosth:★H.不定式作原因狀語：

l)Youmustdoeverythingthatyoucantosavethewoman'slife?1)1amveryhappytoseeyouacain.

2)Thefarmersoughttodowhattheycantogetinallthericebeforetheheavyrain.2)Youwillbedisappointedtofailinthecollegeentranceexamsnextyear.

3)Weshoulddoall(that)wecantohelpthepoorpeopletolivethroughthewinter.3)Shewassorrytohavekeptuswaitings。long.

★G.不定式作結(jié)果狀語：4)Shewashappytohavebeenstayingwithheraunt.

so/such...asto...:（如此??■以致???）5)HejumpedwithjoytoseetheniceChristmaspresents.

enough...to（足夠）★l.以下形容詞后常接不定式的主動形式：hard,difficult,easy,light,heavy,nice,

onlyto（結(jié)果）good,clear,dangerous,pleasant,interesting,fit,bitter,exciting,

neverto...;（結(jié)果再也沒有）comfortable,convenient,amusing,impossible等后常接主動式不定式。如形容

詞前有或形容詞后有時，不定式用主動，被動均可。

too...to...:（太.■■而不能???）tooenough

l)Chongqingishard/difficult/easytofindonthismap.

l)Shewassosillyastogiveallhermoneytothecheat.

2)Thismachineisveryeasytooperate.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.

2)Theycameheresoearlyastoseethefamousfilmstars.

3)1likegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodtobreathe.

3)1amnotsuchafoolastobelievethatkindofthin。.

4)Inmanypeople'sopinion,thatcompanyispleasanttodealwith.

4)TheboyisoldenoughtojointheRoyalArmy.

5)Thisbuildingisdangerous/pleasant/comfortabletolivein.

5)Mymother'sunclewentabroadin1936,nevertocomebackhomeagain.

6)Themedicineisbittertodrink

<onlytodo/bedone：可譯為：”結(jié)果...”這是一種預(yù)料之外的結(jié)果。常含有“驚訝,

7)Thatflyingbirdisimpossibletocatch.

失望，放心”之意。

8)Thefoodistoohottoeat/tobeeaten.作主語、賓語和表語。

9)Myschoolbagistooheavytocairy/tobecarried.1)Whentostarttheworkhasnotbeendecided.

2)Theproblemishowtocrossthewidedeepriver.

10)Herschoolbagislightenoughtocarry/tobecarried.

3)Wedon'tknowwheretobuildthepowerplant.

★J.to代替不定式：

★L.逐漸，終于：get/come/begin/growtoknow(see/realize/hate/believe/understand/love/like):

A.wouldlike/loveto,haveto,usedto,begoingto.

l)AsItoknowmoreinternationalfriends,Ilearnmoreaboutthiscultural“bodylanguage”.

B.beable/glad/pleased/happy/delighted/afraidto.

2)Intimeyouwillcometolikebiology.Itisusefulandinteresting.

C.like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/af3)Wearebegirniinctounderstandthetruthofthewar.

ford/★M.hadwishedtodo...=wishedtohavedone...:曾希望/本希望

offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine(表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望/計劃/想法等O)

/learn/[hoped/intended/planned/wanted/thought/supposed/expected/meant...tilnT以這么用。1

agree/choose/pretend/arrangeto.1)1hadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasn'tabletogetaway.

2)Hehadplannedtogotoseehisgrandmother,buthewassenttohospitalforhearttrouble.

D.ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/

3)Yesterdayweplannedtoeetotheexhibition.(結(jié)果不明)

invite/need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefersb.

3)Yesterdaywehadmeanttoattendyourwedding,butunfortunatelywehadfiveunexpected

to.

guests.(meanttohaveattended)

1)Mymotherispreparingmyfavoritedishes.Gowithmeandhaveataste,okay?

4)-----It'sreallyapitythatIdidn'tseeyouinShanghai.

-----I'dloveto.Andrilbegladtomeetyourparents.

----Itoseeyouinthehotel,butIwastoobusy.

2)Hasshewateredthetrees?A.hopeB.hadhopedC.hopedD.amhoping

——No,butsheisgoingto.★N.otherthan(除了)，but,except,besides”■等后動詞的接法：

3)Doyouwanttogoabroadforyourvacationwithmyfamily?如它們前有行為動詞do,does,did,done,那后面接動詞原形，如沒有do,does,did,

-----Iwillbegladt。,butIhavenomoneynow.done,那后面就接to不定式：

4)Dareyouwalkonthetopofthefence?l)Lastnighttheboydidnothingbutwatchavolleyballmatch.

----Iamafraidto.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyheart.2)Atpresentwewantnothingbuttobuyacar.

5)Doyouwant/hope/plantocheatattheexam?3)Thismedicinehasnoeffectexcepttomakeyoudieyoung.

——Iwant/hope/plant。,butwewon'tbeallowedto.4)Duringthewinterholidaystheywilldonothingotherthanreadbooksdayandnight.

6)Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.5)1havenoambitionsotherthantoliveahappylifeandbefree.

-----1meantto,butwhenIwasleaving,Icouldn'tfindheranywhere.6)TheJapanesehadnochoicebuttcleavethewatersoftheDiaoyuIslandsinahurry.

7)Whyworryaboutsuchathing?

7)HasLibbycleanedallthedesksandchairs?

8)Whynothaveaphototakenatthetopofthemountain?

——No,butIwillaskherto.

9)Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabicycle.

8)——Hasshepassedthedrivingtest?

10)Youmay/mightaswellthrowawaythemoneyunderthebed.

——Sheseemstohave.

(還是做什么的好，不妨做什么)

9)——Mary,youareadoctor,aren'tyou?

——No,Iamnot.AndIdon'twanttobe,either.

?with結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語，原因狀語:

★K.不定式前可用what,who,which,where,when,how等疑問詞構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中可

現(xiàn)在分詞2)(Thereare)100daystog。(totheOlympicGames).

beingdone3)Kate!Hurryup.Youhaveonlytwomilestogo.

過去分詞

4)Westillhavealongwaytogo.

with+賓語?〈todo

★P.不定式的一般進行式和完成進行式：

tobedone

不定式的進行式表示不定式的動作與謂語動作/狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生。

介詞短語

l形容詞/副詞不定式的完成式表示不定式的動作比謂語動作/狀態(tài)先發(fā)生。

l)Withalotofconstructionworktocomplete,theworkersarehavingahardtime.l)Theleadersaresaidtobehavinganimportantconferenceatthetheatre.

【此處用主動的不定式，表示將來要完成，去完成工作的人是workers。】2)Kateseemstohavebeendoinqsomesecretthings.

2)Withalotofconstructionworktobecompleted,thepresidentisveryworried.3)HissisterissaidtohavebeenstudyingintheUSA.

【此處用被動的不定式，表示將來要完成，完成工作的人不是president。】

3)Withalltheconstructionworkcompleted,thepresidentjumpedwithjoy.

【此處用過去分詞，表示工作已經(jīng)被完成。】rtobe.......................據(jù)說是什么

4)Withtheboyleadinqtheway,wefoundhefactoryeasily.tolive/like/know............:據(jù)說住/喜歡/知道

5)Withtheboytleadtheway,wewillfindthefactoryeasilytomorrow.

。besaid?tobedoing...........;據(jù)說正在什么

6)Withmoreforestsbeinqdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeach

tohavedone.................:據(jù)說做了什么

year.

7)Charleswasaloneathome,withnoonelookinqafterhim.jtohavebeendone........:據(jù)說被什么了

8)A11theafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.tohavebeendoing........:據(jù)說一直在做什么

9)Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedwithhisworksunfinisheci.

[thought,believed,considered,supposed,expected,reported,known也可這

10)Hesleptwellwithallthewindowsopen.

樣用】

ll)Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.

12)Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclothes0n.〔tobeinGreatBritainnow.

13)Arobberburstintothehouse,withaknifeinhishand.t。knowthetruthoftheincident.

=Arobberburstintothehouse,knifeinhand.

OurpresidentissaidJtobevisitingtheSummerPalaceinChina.

★O.years/months/weeks/daystocome：【未來；將來】

l)ShewillstayinAfricaformanyyearstocome.tohaveleftTokyoforNewZealand.

2)Theeffectsofthefloodwillbefeltformonthstocome.tohavebeenarrestedbythepolice.

3)Hewillrememberherwarninginthedayse.

Itohavebeenwaitingforthenewsfromthefront.

4)Youwillmakegreatprogressintheyearstoeome.

[inthedays/months/yearsahead:在未來幾天/月/年】★Q.不定式的一般被動式和完成被動式：

?togo：剩下l)Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.

1)1onlyhavethreeexamstogo.