Unit3DiverseCulturesDiscoveringUsefulStructures一、簡單句中的省略1.省略主語：祈使句中主語通常省略省略（Ellipsis)Shutup.(You)shutup.Soundslikeagoodidea.(It)soundslikeagoodidea.2.省略主謂或主謂語的一部分Thisway,please.(Youcome)

thisway,please.Gotanyink?(Haveyou)gotanyink?3.省略賓語—DoyouknowMissGao?—Idon’tknow(her).4.

省略表語—Areyouthirsty？—Yes,Iam(thirsty).5.省略系動詞，主要用于口語中Everything(is)ingoodcondition.6.省略不定式(1)答語中的有些動詞后跟不定式做賓語時，可將其動詞省略，而保留to，這樣的動詞或短語常見的有want，wish，expect，hope，like，love，try，forget，prefer，mean，begoingto，beaboutto等?！猈illyougowithme?—Yes,I’dliketo(gowithyou).(2)當不定式在形容詞afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready，willing等后作狀語時，to后的內容常省略。Youcan’tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe’snotreadyto(answerthequestion).(3)如果做賓語的不定式是be動詞或完成時態，則需在to之后加上be或have?！狝reyouadoctor?—No,butIwanttobe(adoctor).—Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework.—Heoughttohave(finishedhishomework).(4)兩個或兩個以上的不定式并列，第一個帶to，后面的?？墒÷詔o。MyjobistolookafterthechildrenandteachthemEnglish.但如果兩個不定式表示對比關系時，則to都不能省略。Tobefortheplanortobeagainstitdoesn’tmatter.(5)當不定式做表語時，如果前面主語中出現實義動詞do及其各種形式，則不定式中的to?？墒÷?。Whathewantstodoisgohome.(6)介詞but前面有動詞do，后面的不定式可省略to。Hecandonothingbutliedownandsleep.(7)感官動詞和使役動詞后面做賓語補足語的不定式要省略to(help后的to可帶可不帶)，但在被動語態中不能省略。Isawaboyfalldownfromthetree.I’llhelpyou(to)dothework.Sheisoftenheardtosingasongintheclassroom.二、并列句中的省略1.若主語或賓語相同，省略共同的主語或賓語。Tompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisteacher.2.若主語不同而謂語的助動詞、情態動詞相同，則省略后面的助動詞或情態動詞。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.SallywillbearrivingtodayandAnn(willbearriving)tomorrow.3.若主語與謂語動詞相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.4.若主語不同，但主要動詞及后續部分相同，則省略主要動詞及后續部分。Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn’t(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid).三、復合句中的省略1.賓語從句中的省略(1)在賓語從句中常省略連詞，但當及物動詞之后跟兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，只有第一個連詞that可省略。Itrulybelieve(that)

beautycomesfromwithin.Hetoldme

(that)

shewasabeautifulgirlandthatshewasclever.(2)when，where，which，how，why等疑問詞引導的賓語從句，若與前面內容有重復，可將其省略，僅保留疑問詞。IknowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon’tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(youpassme).(3)當用I’mafraid，Ithink，Ibelieve，Ihope，Iguess等做答句時，后面常用省略形式。so表示贊同前述的事實，not表示不贊同前述的事實?！狣oyouthinkitwillrain?—Iguessso.Ihopeso.

我希望如此。Ihopenot.

我希望不會。I’mafraidso/not.

恐怕如此/不是。Ithink/believe/guess/expect/supposeso.(4)在與suggest，request，order，advise等詞有關的名詞性從句中，從句謂語動詞應用虛擬語氣形式，即“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。Isuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight.2.定語從句中的省略(1)在限制性定語從句中做賓語的關系代詞that，which，who，whom可省略，但whom，which緊跟在介詞后時不能省略。Heisoneofthemen

(whom)Icantrust.ThefirminwhichDickworkedhasgonebankrupt.(2)theway作先行詞，在定語從句中作狀語，關系代詞可省略。Thisistheway(that/inwhich)helearnsEnglish.(3)定語從句中的“關系代詞＋助動詞be”可以省略。Theticket

(that/whichwas)

bookedbyhissisterhasbeensenttohim.Theboy(that/whois)standingunderthetreeismybrother.3.狀語從句中的省略(1)在時間、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，若謂語含有be動詞，且從句的主語與主句的主語相同或是it時，則從句的主語和be常被省略。省略句中的謂語動詞和主語之間構成主動關系，則使用現在分詞；若構成被動關系，則使用過去分詞；若謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發生，則使用不定式。Becarefulwhen

(youare)crossingthestreet.When(thenovelis)published,thenovelwillbecomeoneofthebestsellers.Whenever(itis)

possible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.(2)在比較狀語從句中，than或as后面的部分可省略。I’mtallerthanshe

(is).Ihatehimasmuchasyou

(hatehim).Shelooksolderthanmymother(does).4.虛擬語氣中的省略在if引導的虛擬語氣中，如果從句中含有助動詞were，had(done)，should，則可省去if，把were，had，should提到從句句首。IfJohnwerehere,hewouldknowwhattodo.＝WereJohnhere,hewouldknowwhattodo.Ifanythinghadhappened,hewouldhaveletherknow.＝Hadanythinghappened,hewouldhaveletherknow.用省略結構改寫下列句子1.Isthereanyoneheretowaitonus?→__________________________________________________________2.HeisaprogrammerandIamaprogrammer,too.→__________________________________________________________3.Itsoundsinteresting.→__________________________________________________________4.Iworkinafactoryandmybrotherworksonafarm.→__________________________________________________________Anyoneheretowaitonus?HeisaprogrammerandIam,too.Soundsinteresting.Iworkinafactoryandmybrotheronafarm.5.We’reboundtowinsomeday,butwhenarewetowin?→_______________________________________________________________6.Whoisthemanwhomyouweretalkingto?→_______________________________________________________________7.Whenitisheated,apieceoficewillturnintowater.→_______________________________________________________________8.Althoughhewashard-working,hecouldn’tearnenoughtosupporthimself.→_______________________________________________________________9.Theydon’tusemorewaterthanitisnecessary.→_______________________________________________________________We’reboundtowinsomeday,butwhen?Whoisthemanyouweretalkingto?Whenheated,apieceoficewillturnintowater.Althoughhard-working,hecouldn’tearnenoughtosupporthimself.Theydon’tusemorewaterthannecessary.10.Ifshewerehere,shewouldagreetoo.→______________________________________________________________11.Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.→______________________________________________________________12.IfThomasEdisonhadstoredhismoney,hewouldhavediedawealthyman.→______________________________________________________________Wereshehere,shewouldagreetoo.Heorderedthatwegooutatonce.HadThomasEdisonstoredhismoney,hewouldhavediedawealthyman.單句語法填空1.—Doyouthinkourteamwillwin?—Idon’tthink____________.2.—Will