專題03閱讀理解：說明文【大題精做】-沖刺2024年高考英語大題突破+限時集訓(xùn)（新高考專用）大題03閱讀理解說明文說明文所選材料題材豐富多樣，涉及社會、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生態(tài)、安全等方面。在高考英語閱讀理解中，說明文所占比重尤為突出。它既要求考生能熟練運用詞匯和語法知識、理解文章語句、把握語篇整體結(jié)構(gòu)，還要求學(xué)生有大量的閱讀積淀和知識儲備，熟悉不同的話題和不同的題目考查方式。即便是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，大多數(shù)情況下考生也無法從文章中直接找到與選項表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章細(xì)節(jié)信息后作出歸納和判斷。通常一套卷中主旨大意、詞義猜測、寫作意圖/觀點態(tài)度類高難度試題的考查數(shù)量為2道左右，說明文考查此類題目的頻率較高，且命題點呈多樣化。（2023年新高考I卷D篇）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.28．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation. B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.29．Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A．thecrowdswererelativelysmall B．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicate D．estimateswerenotfullyindependent30．Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups. B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess. D．Theindividualestimates.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.說明文閱讀量大，生僻詞匯多，句式結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，這就需要考生有方法有技巧地去閱讀。一般我們采用的方法有三個：細(xì)讀、略讀和跳讀。（1）細(xì)讀重點。重點，就原文而言，就是文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容和態(tài)度；就答題而言，就是問題所對應(yīng)的題源句。以這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量，需要重點閱讀的原文詞句就不會很多。宏觀方面：文章結(jié)構(gòu)；文章主題句；各段首末句；體現(xiàn)作者觀點態(tài)度的詞句。微觀方面：有轉(zhuǎn)折處；重要標(biāo)點；句子主干。（2）有選擇地略讀或跳讀。在快速瀏覽了題干，初步把握了文章大意及結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，可大膽進行略讀或跳讀，這樣不但可以加快閱讀速度，還更容易總體把握全文。在閱讀中可略讀或跳讀的內(nèi)容包括：①繁瑣的例證。為了說明問題，作者可能會借用形象的例子，有時候會比較繁瑣，雖能說明問題，但需要讀者花很多時間去閱讀。如果例子所說明的問題不明了，可通過略讀來理解；若例子所說明的問題比較明了，則例子部分可一帶而過。②并列多項列舉。有時許多功能相同的項目并列列舉，那么只讀其中一兩項即可，無需全讀。③無關(guān)大局的生僻詞匯。閱讀中經(jīng)常會遇到一些生詞，如果這些生詞對理解全文沒有影響或影響不大就可略過。④較長的人名、地名。有許多較長的表示人名、地名等的專有名詞，閱讀時可一掃而過或干脆用其首字母代替，不必試圖把整個專有名詞讀出來。（2024上·河北滄州·高三泊頭市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期末）Thinkofyourmostprizedpossession.Now,imagineyoudecideyoumustsellthisitem.Howmuchisitworthtoyou?Howmuchwouldyouchargeforit?Andwouldanyoneelsewanttobuyitatthatprice?Let’sconsiderthereal-worldexampleofayardsale.Beforeyourneighborscometolookatyourthings,youmustfirstdecideonthepricesforthem.Foryou,eachitemhasastory,andsomeitemsmayevenevokestrongemotions.Let’ssayyou’resellingapairofspecialeditionsportsshoesthatyoutookcareofandreallyenjoyedwearingonspecialoccasions.Withthesesweetmemoriesinmind,youputapricetagof$130ontheshoes.However,acustomeroffers$50forthem.Youthink,“Howcouldtheynotseehowspecialandvaluabletheseare?”Infinancialtransactionslikethis,sellersoftenbelievetheirownitemsareworthmorethanwhatbuyersarewillingtopay.Thisoccursbecausebuyersdonothavetheseller’sexperienceswithandemotionalattachmenttotheitems.Buyerswantagooddeal,andthey’renotwillingtopaywhatthesellerisaskingfor.Thisnegotiationprocesscanevenfeelalittlepainfulfortheseller—overlosingsomethingandthebuyernotvaluingitasmuch.Economistssuggestthisdynamicoccursthroughtheendowmenteffect(稟賦效應(yīng))—people’stendencytovaluethingstheyownmorehighlythantheywouldiftheydidnotownthem.Theendowmenteffectcantakeholdanytimewefeelasenseofownershipoveraproduct,anditcanhappenquickly.Asthesayinggoes,“Emotionsgelthebestofus.”Thereisnothingwrongwithbeingproudofowningthingsandtreasuringyourexperienceswiththem.Butwhenyouconsidersellingaprizedpossession,thinkaboutwhetheryou’refullyreadytopartwithil.Thepastisthepast,though.Removingyouremotionalattachmenttomaterialpossessionscanhelpyoumakemoreaccurateassessmentsofhowmuchyouritemsaretrulyworth.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evoke”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Advocate. B．Cause. C．Identify. D．Control.29．Whatmakesyouputapricetagof$130onyourshoesaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Yourfondnessfortheshoes. B．Yourignoranceofthemarket.C．Thehighqualityoftheshoes. D．Thespecialfunctionoftheshoes.30．Whichcanbestillustratetheresultofendowmenteffect?A．Onelikescollectingoldthings.B．Onetendstobuyexpensivegoods.C．Oneoffersalowerpricewhenshopping.D．Onechargesahigher-than-usualpriceforsomething.31．What’sthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Tomakeasuggestion. B．Tointroduceatheory.C．Toanalyzeaphenomenon. D．Toprovidesomeevidence.刷模擬刷模擬Passage（1）（2024·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考一模）Artificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI“jailbreaks”ismoredifficultthanitseems.Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers—thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn’tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas“jailbreaks”,makingAImodelsdisobeytherules.Now,ArushTagadeatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workershavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.TheyfoundthattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色),whichisabletoanswerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled“personamodulation(調(diào)節(jié))”.Tagadesaysthisapproachworksbecausemuchofthetrainingdataconsumedbylargemodelscomesfromonlineconversations,andthemodelslearntoactincertainwaysinresponsetodifferentinputs.Byhavingtherightconversationwithamodel,itispossibletomakeitadoptaparticularpersona,causingittoactdifferently.ThereisalsoanideainAIcircles,oneyettobeproven,thatcreatinglotsofrulesforanAItopreventitdisplayingunwantedbehaviourcanaccidentallycreateablueprintforamodeltoactthatway.ThispotentiallyleavestheAIeasytobetrickedintotakingonanevilpersona.“Ifyou’reforcingyourmodeltobegoodpersona,itsomewhatunderstandswhatabadpersonais,”saysTagade.YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopersneedtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs.“Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedtobecontrolled,”shesays.28．WhatdoestheAIjailbreakreferto?A．ThetechniquetobreakrestrictionsofAImodels.B．Theinitiativetosethard-codedrulesforAImodels.C．ThecapabilityofAImodelsimprovingthemselves.D．TheprocessofAImodelslearningnewinformation.29．Whatcanweknowaboutthepersonamodulation?A．ItcanhelpAImodelsunderstandemotions.B．ItpreventsAIlearningviaonlineconversations.C．ItcanmakeAImodelsadoptaparticularpersona.D．ItforcesAImodelstofollowonlygoodpersonas.30．WhatisYinzhenLi’sattitudetowardsLLMs?A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Approving. D．Negative.31．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LLMs:IllegalLearningModels B．LLMs:TheLatestAdvancementC．AIJailbreaks:ANewChallenge D．AIJailbreaks:APerfectApproachPassage（2）（2024·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考一模）Notallbirdssing,butseveralthousandspeciesdo.Theysingtodefendtheirterritoryandcroon(柔聲唱)toimpresspotentialmates.“Whybirdssingisrelativelywell-answered,”saysIrisAdam,abehavioralneuroscientist.However,thebigquestionforherwaswhybirdssingsomuch.“Assoonasyousing,yourevealyourself,”Adamsays.“Like,whereyouareandwhereyourterritoryis.”InanewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,Adamandherco-workersofferanewexplanationforwhybirdstakethatrisk.Theymayhavetosingaloteverydaytogivetheirvocal(發(fā)聲的)musclestheregularexercisetheyneedtoproducetop-qualitysongs.Tofigureoutwhetherthemusclesthatproducebirdsongsrequiredailyexercise,Adamdesignedanexperimentonzebrafinches-thelittleAustraliansongbirds.Shepreventedthemfromsingingforaweekbykeepingtheminthedarkcagealmostaroundtheclock.Lightiswhatgalvanizesthebirdstosing,soshehadtoworktokeepthemfromwarbling(鳴叫).“Thefirsttwoorthreedays,it’squiteeasy,”shesays.“Butthelongertheexperimentgoes,themoretheyarelike,‘Ineedtosing.’”Atthatpoint,she’dtapthecageandtellthemtostopsinging.Afteraweek,thebirds’singingmuscleslosthalftheirstrength.ButAdamwonderedwhetherthatimpactedthequalityofsongs.Whensheplayedamale’ssongbeforeandafterthesevendaysofdarkness,shecouldn’thearadifference.ButwhenAdamplayedittoagroupoffemalebirds,sixoutofninepreferredthesongthatcamefromamalewho’dbeenusinghissingingmusclesdaily.Adam’sconclusionshowsthat“songbirdsneedtoexercisetheirvocalmusclestoproducetop-performancesongs.Iftheydon’tsing,theyloseperformance,andtheirsongsgetlessattractiveto

females.”Thismayhelpexplainsongbirds’continuoussinging.It’sagoodruletoliveby,whetheryou’reabirdorahuman-practicemakesperfect,atleastwhenitcomestosingingone’sheartout.28．AccordingtoIrisAdam,birdssingsomuchto______.A．warnotherbirdsofrisks B．producemoresongsC．performperfectlyinsinging D．defendtheirterritory29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“galvanizes”inParagraph3mean?A．Prepares. B．Stimulates. C．Forbids. D．Frightens.30．Whatdoweknowaboutthecagedbirdsintheexperiment?A．Theylosttheabilitytosing. B．Theystrengthenedtheirmuscles.C．Theirsongsshowednodifference. D．Theirsongsbecamelessappealing.31．WhatmayIrisAdamagreewith?A．Thesongbirdsliveonmusic. B．Thesongbirdsarebornsingers.C．Dailyexercisekeepsbirdshealthy. D．Practicemakesbirdsperfectsingers.Passage（3）（2024·福建·統(tǒng)考一模）OnthestreetsofManhattanandWashington,D．C．,inneighborhoodsinSeoulandparksinParis,ginkgo(銀杏)treesarelosingtheirleavesinreactiontothefirstgustofcoldwinterair.Thisleafdrop,gradualatfirst,andthensudden,carpetsstreetswithgolden,fan-shapedleaves.Scientistsaredocumentingevidenceoftheeventhappeninglaterandlater,apossibleindicationofclimatechange.Butthestoryofginkgosisnotthefamiliaroneofhumancarelessnesswithnature.ThankstofossilsfoundinNorthDakota,scientistsfoundaginkgohasgeneticallysimilarancestorsdatingback170millionyearstotheJurassicPeriod.“Italmostwentextinct.Thenhumansrescueditandspreaditaroundtheworld.It’ssuchagreatevolutionary(進化)andculturalstory,”saysPeterCrane,aginkgoexpert.Onetheoryforthedeclineoftheginkgospeciesbegan130millionyearsago,whenfloweringplantsbeganspreading.Theygrewfasterandattractedmorepollinators(傳粉者)thanginkgos.“It’spossiblethatginkgoswereelbowedoutoftheway,”saysCrane.Alreadycompetingtosurvive,ginkgosbegantodisappearduringatimeofglobalcoolingthatbeganaround66millionyearsago.Bythetimethelasticeageended11,000yearsago,theremainingsurvivorswerefoundinChina.Ginkgotreesaresmelly.“Myguessisthattheywereeatenbyanimalsthatlikedsmellythings.Theythenpassedthroughtheirbodyandgrew.”Cranesays.Thosesameseedsmayhavehelpedginkgofindfavorwithhumans1,000yearsago.Oncecleanedoftheirouterlayer,ginkgoseedsaresafetoeat.It’sthen,whenthetreeshadlongsincedisappearedelsewhere,thatpeopleinChinamayhavebegunplantingthemandeatingtheirseeds.Thengraduallyginkgosspreadacrosstheworld.Nowit’sseeminglynaturallyresistanttoinsectsandhighlevelsofairpollution.Craneisn’tworriedaboutitsfuture,though:Thepopularityofthespecieswillhelpitsurvive.“Thoughitsstatusinthewildmaybedifficulttoaccess,it’saplantthat’sunlikelytoevergoextinct,”hesays.28．Whatmayhavecausedthefurtherdelayofginkgo’sleafdrop?A．Thecolderweatherinwinter.B．Theprotectionfromcitycouncils.C．Theglobalwarmingphenomenon.D．Thecarelessinteractionwithhumans.29．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Thereasonswhyginkgosalmostdiedout.B．Theadvantagesofginkgosoverotherplants.C．Thetheoriesofexpertsformultiplyingginkgos.D．Thecompetitionbetweenvariousfloweringplants.30．Whatmighthavecontributedtoginkgos’survival?A．Theireatableseeds. B．Theirunpleasantsmell.C．Thenaturalevolution. D．Thecarefulplanting.31．HowdoesCranefeelaboutginkgos’future?A．Worried. B．Optimistic. C．Uncertain. D．Hopeless.Passage（4）（2024·湖南邵陽·統(tǒng)考一模）Listeningtoanaudiobook(有聲書)beforebedaffectsaperson’sbrainactivityaftertheynodoffaswellasthecontentoftheirdreams.Betterunderstandingthiseffectcouldhelptreatcertainmentalhealthconditionsbytargetingmemoryprocessingduringsleep.Whenwesleep,ourbrainspontaneously(自發(fā)地)“replays”,orreactivatespatternsofelectricalactivitythatarerelatedtolearningtotransferimportantnewinformationtolong-termmemorystorage.Ithasbeensuggestedthatdreamsmayreflectthisreactivation,butexactlyhowisunclear.Toinvestigate,DenizKumralattheUniversityofFreiburg,Germany,andhercolleaguesasked20peopletolistentodifferentaudiobooksjustbeforetheywenttosleep.TheseincludedTheMysteryoftheBlueTrainbyAgathaChristieandInkheartbyCorneliaFunke.Amongtheparticipantswhorememberedtheirdreams,theresearcherscouldidentifywhichaudiobookeachhadheardfromtheirdescriptionsofthedreams.Whiletheparticipantsslept,theresearchersalsousedanEEG(腦電圖)capthatdetectselectricalactivitytorecordtheirbrainwaves.Thisshowedthatthewavepatternsduringtherapideyemovementphaseofsleep,whendreamsoccurred,weremoresimilarbetweenthosewhohadheardthesameaudiobookthanthosewhohadhearddifferentones,suggestingthatthelisteningexperienceshapedthebrainactivity.Furtheranalysisofthepatternsrevealedthathigh-frequencybetawaves—between18and30hertz—weremoststronglyassociatedwiththeparticipantsrecallingtheaudiobook-relatedcontentoftheirdreams.Thefindingssuggestthatdailylifeexperiencescanshapedreamcontentviamemoryreactivation,accordingtotheresearchers.Butwhiledreamingmayserveadistinctpurposeinmemoryformation,itcouldalsobeaby-productofmemoryprocessing.“Daytimeexperiencesarerarelyreplayedasexperienced,butarealmostalwaysmodifiedorsurfaceindifferentcontexts,”saysKumral.“Individualswithcertainpsychologicalconditionsormentalproblemsmightbenefitfromtailoredstrategiesthatenhancememoryprocessingortreatdisordersofdreamingduringsleep,potentiallycontributingtoimprovedmentalandemotionalhealth.”28．Whatdidtheresearchersasktheparticipantstodo?A．Recordtheirdreamseverynight. B．Listentoaudiobooksduringtheday.C．Listentoaudiobooksjustbeforesleep. D．WearanEEGcapduringtheday.29．WhydidDenizKumralandhercolleaguesdotheresearch?A．Toknowhowpeopleprocessinformation.B．Tofindoutthecontentsofpeople’sdreams.C．Torevealthesecretofimprovingpeople’smemory.D．Toinvestigatehowdreamsreplaypatternsofelectricalactivity.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modified”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Changed. B．Stored C．Strengthened. D．Forgotten.31．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．ListeningexperiencesinfluencingbrainactivityB．Listeningtoaudiobooksbeforebedshapingone’sdreamC．TheimportanceofdreamsinmemoryformationD．IntegrationofdailyexperiencesintodreamsPassage（5）（2024·廣東肇慶·統(tǒng)考二模）“Heisagiantofthe20th-centuryart,butthatdoesn’tmeanheonlydidbigpaintings,saidLynnMiller,directorofRochesterCentralGallery,inaninterviewlastThursday.Entitled“PicassoandHisDrafts”,aspecialexhibitmarking50yearssincethedeathofPabloPicassoisheldatthegallerythismonth.Insteadofhispaintings,thenotebooksonwhichtheSpanishlegendaryartistdrewdraftsareshowntothepublicforthefirsttime.Matchboxcovers,postcards,restaurantnapkinsallservedasdraftingnotesfortheartistatmomentsofinspiration.Itisimportanttoknowthateachofthe14notebookspresentedreflectswhatwasgoingoninhislife.Forexample,atinynotebookwhosesizeisjust3by5inchesstandsoutamongtheexhibits.Insidethelittlebookwasaself-portraitoftheartistfinishedroughlyinpencil,withdeepandthoughtfuleyes.Itwasdonein1918andPicasso,theninhismid-30s,hadjustgotmarried.Heproducedbig-sizedartworksbuthealsokeptthistinynotebookaround,fillingitwithscenesofhiswife,theirfriends,thebeachandthetown,anddraftsofupcomingpaintings.Actually,manyofthedraftdrawingsareearlyversionsoffamedpaintingslikeLesDemoisellesd’Avignon(1907)andDoraMaarinanArmchair(1939).”Heisagreatartistofthemodernperiod,andweseepracticeanddeterminationinhisnotebooks,saidLynnMiller,referringtoPicasso’seffortsinimprovinghisskillsthroughcopiousdrawing.BernardRuiz-Picasso,agrandsonofPicasso’s,rememberedhimalwaysdraftinguntilthelastpieceofpaperavailable.“Mygrandpawaspermanentlydrawingsomething,Ruiz-Picassosaid.Inadocumentaryfilmshownatthegallery,Picasso,shirtlessandinshorts,wasstandingonaladdertoreachthetopofhiscanvas(畫布).Itremindsvisitorsoftherealsizeofhismasterworks.28．Whatarethekeyfeaturesoftherecentexhibitatthegallery?A．Notebooksforsale. B．Picasso’sartworks.C．Pricelessartisticdrafts. D．Masterpiecesofthe20thcentury.29．WhatisreflectedinthenotebooksofPicasso?A．Hislifeexperience. B．Theloveforhiscountry.C．Thecontentofhisbooks. D．Hiseducationbackground.30．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPicassoaccordingtohisgrandson?A．Creative. B．Diligent. C．Optimistic. D．Humorous.31．Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Picassousedtomindhisappearance. B．Thegalleryexhibitsrealmasterworks.C．Thedocumentarymovieisworthseeing. D．Picasso’sartworksareactuallyofgreatsize.Passage（6）（2024·廣東茂名·統(tǒng)考一模）Researchershaveidentifiedagrowingthreattoastronomyfromthesunlightreflectingoffcommunicationdevicesinspace.Onesuchdevice,acommunicationsatellitecalledBlueWalker3,iscurrentlyoneofthebrightestobjectsvisiblefromEarth,matchingthebrightnessofProcyonandAchemar,twoofthebrighteststarsinthenightsky.“BlueWalker3isvisibleinbothdarkskyandurbanskies,thoughinurbansettingsthiswillbelimitedtowhenBlueWalker3passesoverhead,”saidDr.JeremyTregloan-Reed,aco-authorofthestudyattheUniversityofAtacamainChile.“Largeconstellations(星座)ofbrightartificialsatellitesinlowEarthorbitposesignificantchallengestoground-basedastronomy,”thestudy’sauthorswrote.Tregloan-Reedsaidalargereflectivebrightnessmeansthatwhenasatellitecrossesthedetectorofatelescope,itleavesamarkthatcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,toremove.Thiscouldleadtolossofdatafromtheaffectedpixels(像素).Buthesaidspace-basedastronomyalsofacedchallengesfromsuchsatellites,notingthatobservationsbytheHubbletelescopehadincreasinglybeenaffectedbymarksfromStarlinksatellites.Besides,theteamnotestheradiofrequenciesusedbyBlueWalker3areclosetothoseusedforradioastronomy,raisingthepossibilitythatsuchsatellitescouldcauseinterference.WhileBlueWalker3wasfoldedwhenitwaslaunchedlastyear,onceinspaceitopeneduptorevealahugesurfaceareathatreflectedsunlight.Tregloan-Reedaddedthatevenifallthereflectivebrightnessofallsatelliteswasreducedtobelowthelevelvisiblebythenakedeye,“theskybackgroundglowwillincreaseduetotheaccumulativeeffectofhavinghundredsofthousandsofsatellitesfromvariousoperatorsfrommanycountriesinlowEarthorbit.Itisdisastrous!”BlueWalker3,builtbyASTSpaceMobile,isjustthefirstonetobelaunched.ThecompanyisplanningaconstellationofsatellitesnicknamedBlueBirds,consistingofover100similarsatellitesandaimedtoprovidesatellitenetworkserviceforthewholeworld.Youcanimaginehowbrightthenightskywillbeatthattime!28．WhatcanweknowaboutBlueWalker3?A．Itthreatensthesunlight. B．ItwasinventedbyDr.Jeremy.C．ItisbrighterthanProcyonandAchernar. D．Itisvisibleinurbanskieswhenpassingoverhead.29．ThebrightnessofBlueWalker3ismostlikelytoaffect________.A．earthorbit B．spaceobservationC．radiofrequency D．satellitecommunication30．ConcerningtheplanofBlueBirds,whatmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Ithaspotentialdrawbacks. B．Itisboundtobeaccomplished.C．Itisirreplaceableforastronomy. D．Itprovidesnetworkservicefortheworld.31．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．BlueWalker3—ABrightandDark“Star” B．BlueWalker3—TheMostValuableSatelliteC．TheNightSky—GlowingwithBlueWalker3 D．TheNightSky—HeavilyPollutedbyBlueWalker3Passage（7）（2024·湖南長沙·統(tǒng)考一模）FortherapidlydecreasingnumberofAmericanswho’veneverheardofpickleball,thelittle-knownpaddleballgameisoneofAmerica’sfastest-growingsports.Inventedin1965bythreemiddle-agedfathersinWashingtonstate,pickleballisanoddcrossamongtennis,ping-pongandbadminton,playedwithapaddleandaperforated(穿孔的)plasticball.ThefoundersaresaidtohavenamedthegameafterafamilydogcalledPickles.Mostofpickleball’scoreplayers—thosewhoplaymorethaneighttimesperyear—areoverage65,butthegameisgettingyounger,withthestrongestgrowthamongplayersunder55,accordingtoUSAPickleball.Butwithsomanynewplayers,theUSisstrugglingtokeepupwiththedemandforcourts.Thecountryhasonlyabout10,000placestoplay,byUSAPickleball’scount,butthatcontinuestogrowbyseveraldozeneverymonth.Pickleballisalsofastbecomingaspectatorsport(觀賞性運動).Itsfirstprofessionaltournament,theProfessionalPickleballAssociation(PPA)Tour,wasformedin2018andtheprofessionalplayersarebeingabletoreallybecomecelebritiesandspotlights.Traditionalbroadcasters’interestinthesportisgrowing.Sofar,pickleballfanscanwatchamateurandprofessionalmatchesonsportsorsocialchannels,mostlyonline.“Theabilityforasporttofindanaudiencequicklyviasocialmediaisunprecedented(前所未有的),”saysBenShields,wholecturesatMIT’sSloanSchoolofManagementandstudiesthesportsindustry.Shieldsaddsthatpickleballstillneedsafamousstartodrawinwideraudiences,ashasbeenthekeytosuccessforothersportsopularityofPickleballC．TheRiseandFallofPickleball D．TheRulesofPlayingPickleballPassage（8）（2024·湖南長沙·統(tǒng)考一模）ByteDance’sDouyinhasbeentrialingafooddeliveryservicesinceDecemberasitlookstoexpanditsbusinessbeyondadvertising.Itpotentiallycompetesitselfagainstmajore-commercecompanieslikeAlibabaandMeituan.Andthecompanyisnowconsideringextendingtheservicebeyondthetrial.ADouyinspokespersonsaysthatthecompanyhasbeen“testingafeatureinBeijing,ShanghaiandChengduthatenablesmerchants(商人)topromoteandsell‘group-buying’packagestoDouyinusersintheseselectcitiesandhavethemdelivered”.RestaurantownersoftenlivestreamonDouyintomarkettheirbusiness.Whiledoingthis,theycanofferdiscountsandcoupons(優(yōu)惠券)fortheirfoodtouserswatchingthevideos.Multipleuserscanthenpurchasethatoffermainlyandchooseatimewithintwodaysforthefoodtoarrive.ThemodelisverydifferentfromMeituanandAlibaba’sEle.mewhicharebothon-demandfooddeliveryservices.Thedigitalgianthasapproachedrestaurantownersandfoodenterprisesinthethreecitiestopromotetheirdishesontheapp.Douyinstatesthatthesuccessofthetrialrunwilldeterminewhetherthein-appmealdeliveryservicewillbeexpandedtoothercities.“Wewouldconsiderexpandingthefeaturetomorecitiesinthefuturedependingonthetestingresults.Thereisnodetailedtimelineyet,”aDouyinspokespersonsays.China’sfooddeliveryindustryisdominatedbyMeituanandEle.me.DouyinhasfewerfoodbuyingoptionsthanMeituanandEle.me.ButByteDance’stentative(暫定的)stepsintothemarketsuggestitwantsasliceofthemarket.Majore-commerceplatformsaregettingintothefooddeliverybusiness.OneWeibopostreads,“Moreplatformscouldbeadvantageousforbothfoodbusinessownersandregularconsumers.”Usersthinkthecompetitionwillhelpregisteredvendors(銷售商)andusersbecausecustomerswillhavemoreoptionsandfoodbusinessownerscanusetheplatformthatchargesthelowestservicefee.28．WhatdoesDouyinwanttodo?A．Expanditsmarketintestedcities. B．Getintothefooddeliveryindustr