合肥市2023年高三第一次教學質量檢測英語試題(考試時間：120分鐘滿分:150分)注意事項：1.答卷前,考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthemandoing?A.Borrowingbooks.B.Returningbooks.C.Buyingbooks.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atahotel.B.Atabusstop.C.Attheairport.3.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Worried.C.Puzzled.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Fellowworkers.C.Teacherandstudent.5.Whatarethespeakerstakingabout?A.Howtosleepwell.B.Howtomaketea.C.Howtokeeprefreshed.第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Torescheduletheappointment.B.Toaskaboutthetestresults.C.Toseekexpertconsultation.7.Whenisthemangoingtomeetthedoctor?A.OnTuesdaymorning.B.OnThursdayafternoon.C.OnFridaymorning.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whichofthefollowingwillthewomanorder?A.Fish.B.Steak.C.Potatoes.9.Whydoesthewomanavoiddesserts?A.Shehatessweetfood.B.Shedislikestheflavor.C.Shecaresaboutherfigure.10.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheservice?A.Heisdissatisfied.B.Heisconfident.C.Heiscurious.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatcolorsweaterdoesthemantake?A.Red.B.Blue.C.Black.12.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$90.B.$100.C.$160.13.Howwillthemanpay?A.Incash.B.Bycreditcard.C.Withamobiledevice.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whoonceworkedinananimalshelter?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Thewoman’suncle.15.Whatdidthemandorecently?A.Hewenttovisitafriend.B.Heattendedaninterview.C.Hecalledsomeanimalkeepers.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sjob?A.Veryexciting.B.Abitdifficult.C.Highlyrewarding.17.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?ATakephotos.B.Makeacall.C.Writehisstory.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatdoweknowaboutGerry?A.Heislefthomeless.B.Heiskind-hearted.C.Helivesbycollectingwaste.19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthehouse?A.Itiscostly.B.Itishuge.C.Itismoveable.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Importanceofrecyclingresources.B.Astoryofhelpingpeopleinneed.C.Waysofraisingmoneyforcharity.第二部分閱讀(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ARobotsareknownasthefutureoftechnology.Roboticstechnologyhasjustlandedintheworkplaceandthereisalotofworktodo.Belowwe’lldiscusssomeofthebestandmostadvancedrobotsevermadebyhumans.AsimoTheprimaryfocusoftherobotistohelppeople.Asimotravelsallaroundtheworld,makingpeopleawarehowrobotscanmakelifeeasierandhelphumans.Itcandance,runandevenkickasoccerball.TherobotcancommunicatewithpeopleinthreedifferentlanguagesincludingJapanese,ChineseandEnglish.Createdby:Honda(Japan)SophiaItisarealisticexampleofaperfectrobotbecauseithasabout50differentfacialexpressionsjustlikehumans.Sophiaisprimarilydesignedforeducation,researchandentertainment.Ittravelsthroughouttheworldexplainingtopeopletheimportanceofrobotsinhumanlife.Createdby:HansonRobotics(HongKong,China)AtlasItsbodyshapeissodynamicthatitcanuseitsallbodyskillstomovequicklyandbalanceitselfondiverseterrains(地形).Therobotiscapableofperformingmanydifferenttasksbutsomefavouritetasksarerunning,jumpingandturnovermovements.ItsadvancedAIsystemsmakeitcapableofseeingbarriersandnegotiatingthroughdiverseterrains.Createdby:BostonDynamics(UnitedStates)SpotSpotisananimalrobot,orsayadogrobot,becauseitlooksverysimilartoadog.Spotcansearcharoundyouroffice,home,playgroundetc.asanormaldogusuallydoes.Spothassomeoutstandingfunctionslikeitcanmapyourenvironment,sensebarriers,liftpackagesandmore.Createdby:BostonDynamics(UnitedStates)1.WhichofthefollowingcharacterizesAsimo?A.Itshighspeed. B.Itsfacialexpressions.C.Itslanguageability. D.Itscommunicationskills.2.WhichrobotiscreatedbyChina?A.Asimo. B.Sophia. C.Atlas. D.Spot.3.WhatdoAtlasandSpothaveincommon?A.Theycanchangetheirbodyshapes.B.Theycancarrysmallpackages.C.Theycanhelpdosomehousework.D.Theycandetectbarriersaround.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了目前人類發明的最先進的四個機器人。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據“Asimo”部分的“TherobotcancommunicatewithpeopleinthreedifferentlanguagesincludingJapanese,ChineseandEnglish.(這個機器人可以用包括日語、漢語和英語在內的三種語言和人類交流)”可知，這種機器人的與其他機器人的不同之處是它的語言能力，故選C項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據“Sophia”部分的“Createdby:HansonRobotics(HongKong,China)(由中國香港的漢森機器人公司制造)”可知，這個機器人由中國制造，故B項。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據“Atlas”部分的“ItsadvancedAIsystemsmakeitcapableofseeingbarriers.(它的高級人工智能系統使得它能夠看見障礙物)”以及“Spot”部分的“Spothassomeoutstandingfunctionslikeitcanmapyourenvironment,sensebarriers,liftpackagesandmore.(Spot有出色的了解你周圍的環境信息、感知障礙物、舉起包裹等功能)”可知，這兩個機器人的相同之處在于能探測周圍的障礙物，故選D項。BAMalawianwoman,GloriaMajiga-Kamoto,wasrecentlyawardedtheGoldmanEnvironmentalPrizeforAfrica—theworld’sleadingawardforgrassrootsenvironmentalactivists.GloriaMajiga-Kamotowasthenworkingforalocalenvironmentalorganizationwithaprogramthatgavegoatstoruralfarmers,whowouldusethegoatwastetoproducelow-cost,high-qualityorganicfertilizer(肥料).Theproblem?ThethinplasticbagscoveringtheMalawiancountryside.“Wehavethisverycommonstreetfood,chiwaya,whichissaltyandservedinlittleblueplastics,”Majiga-Kamotosays.“Goatseattheplasticforsaltytasteandtheydiebecauseitblockstheingestion(攝食)system.”Forher,thiswasthemomentwhenitallchanged.Allofasudden,shestartednoticinghowplasticswereeverywhereintheMalawianenvironmentandfoodsystem-affectingpeople’slivingandhealth.“Irememberbackinthedaywhenwe’dgotothemarketandbuythingslikefish,you’dgetitinnewspapers,”the30-year-oldsays.ButthinplasticstookoffinthelastdecadeorsoasnewproducerssprungupinMalawi,sellingproductslikethinplasticbagsatcheapprices.Infact,theMalawiangovernmentdecidedtobantheimportation,productionanddistributionofsingle-useplasticin2015.Butbeforethebancouldgointofulleffect,Malawi’splastics-producingindustryappealedtothecountry’sHighCourtagainsttheban,causingittobesuspended.WhenMajiga-Kamotoandherfellowenvironmentalistsheardaboutthis,theywereannoyed.Sheorganizedmarchesandrejectedtheplasticindustry’sargumentthatthebanwouldhurtMalawi’seconomy—andevendebatedwithanindustryspokesmanonTV.Finallyin2019,Malawi’sHighCourtruledinfavoroftheban.Thefollowingyear,thegovernmentbeganclosingdownillegalplasticproducers.MichaelSutton,executivedirectoroftheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundation,said,“Majiga-Kamoto’sfightwiththeplasticindustryisaperfectexampleofthespiritoftheprize.”4.WhatmadeMajiga-Kamotorealizetheproblem?A.Herexperiencewithplastic-eatinggoats.B.Herdiscoveryofgoatwasteeverywhere.C.Herdoubtaboutthesafetyofstreetfood.D.Hercareforthefarmerslivinginpoverty.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutMalawi?A.Itusedtobeextremelyrichinfish.B.Itadvocatedusingthinplasticbags.C.Itfailedtobansingle-useplasticatfirst.D.Itreliedheavilyontheplasticindustry.6.WhatwasthepurposeofMajiga-Kamoto’sactsinParagraph4?AToputthebanintoeffect.B.Tosupportthegovernment.C.Tobacktheplasticindustryup.D.TopromoteMalawi’seconomy.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMajiga-Kamoto?A.Humble. B.Generous. C.Patient. D.Committed.【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了馬拉維女士GloriaMajigaKamoto最近被授予高盛非洲環境獎，這是世界上對草根環境活動家的最高獎項，并詳細講述了她對于馬拉維塑料禁令的頒布和執行所作出的努力。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第二段內容“‘Goatseattheplasticforsaltytasteandtheydiebecauseitblockstheingestionsystem.’Forher,thiswasthemomentwhenitallchanged.Allofasudden,shestartednoticinghowplasticswereeverywhereintheMalawianenvironmentandfoodsystem-affectingpeople’slivingandhealth.(“山羊吃塑料是為了吃咸味，因為塑料堵塞了消化系統而死亡。”對她來說，這一刻一切都變了。突然間，她開始注意到塑料在馬拉維的環境和食品系統中無處不在，影響著人們的生活和健康)”可知，在了解到山羊因食用塑料而死亡的這一時刻，她意識到了馬拉維的環境和食品中的塑料問題。故選A項。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第三段內容“Infact,theMalawiangovernmentdecidedtobantheimportation,productionanddistributionofsingle-useplasticin2015.Butbeforethebancouldgointofulleffect,Malawi’splastics-producingindustryappealedtothecountry’sHighCourtagainsttheban,causingittobesuspended.(事實上，馬拉維政府在2015年就決定禁止進口、生產和分銷一次性塑料。但在禁令全面生效之前，馬拉維的塑料生產行業向該國高等法院上訴反對禁令，導致禁令被暫停)”以及第四段內容“Finallyin2019,Malawi’sHighCourtruledinfavoroftheban.Thefollowingyear,thegovernmentbeganclosingdownillegalplasticproducers.(最終在2019年，馬拉維高等法院裁定支持該禁令。第二年，政府開始關閉非法塑料生產商)”可知，馬拉維政府曾在2015年決定頒布有關一次性塑料的禁令，但遭到了反對而被暫停，后在2020最終實現了相關禁令的推行。由此可知，它最初未能禁止一次性塑料。故選C項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段內容“WhenMajiga-Kamotoandherfellowenvironmentalistsheardaboutthis,theywereannoyed.Sheorganizedmarchesandrejectedtheplasticindustry’sargumentthatthebanwouldhurtMalawi’seconomy—andevendebatedwithanindustryspokesmanonTV.Finallyin2019,Malawi’sHighCourtruledinfavoroftheban.(當MajigaKamoto和她的環保主義伙伴們聽到這件事時，他們很惱火。她組織了游行，拒絕了塑料行業有關禁令會損害馬拉維經濟的說法，甚至在電視上與行業發言人進行了辯論。最終，2019年，馬拉維高等法院裁定該禁令獲得了支持)”可知，MajigaKamoto和她的環保主義伙伴們的行為最終促進了馬拉維高等法院對該禁令的支持。由此推知，Majiga行為的目的是為了促進該禁令的執行。故選A項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段內容“WhenMajiga-Kamotoandherfellowenvironmentalistsheardaboutthis,theywereannoyed.Sheorganizedmarchesandrejectedtheplasticindustry’sargumentthatthebanwouldhurtMalawi’seconomy—andevendebatedwithanindustryspokesmanonTV.(當MajigaKamoto和她的環保主義伙伴們聽到這件事時，他們很惱火。她組織了游行，拒絕了塑料行業有關禁令會損害馬拉維經濟的說法，甚至在電視上與行業發言人進行了辯論。)”可知，Majiga為了“塑料禁令”的頒布和推行作出了非常多的努力。由此推知，她是一個盡心盡力的人。故選D項。CHoneybeesunderstandthat“nothing”canbe“something”thathasnumericalmeaning,showingthattheyhaveaprimitivegraspoftheconceptofzero,accordingtoanewly-publishedstudyinScience.Previousexperimentshaveshownthathoneybeeshavesomefacilityfornumbers,becausetheywereabletocountlandmarks(地標)astheysearchedaroundforasweetreward.Butinthesetests,theinsectscouldn’tcountveryhigh-onlytoaboutfour.Still,thatmaderesearchersinAustraliaandFrancewanttoexplorewhatelsethebeescoulddowithnumbers.ScarlettHowardatRMITUniversityinMelbourneattractedbeestoawallwheretheywerepresentedwithtwosquarecards.Eachcardhadadifferentnumberofblacksymbols,suchasdotsortriangles.Howardtrainedonegroupofbeestounderstandthatsugarwaterwouldalwaysbelocatedunderthecardwiththeleastnumberofsymbols.“Theycouldcomeandseetwocirclesversus(與...相對)threecircles,orfourtrianglesversusonetriangle,”sheexplains.Thebeesquicklylearnedtoflytothecardwiththefewestsymbols,Butthentheygotanothertest,Theresearcherspresentedthebeeswithacardthathadasinglesymbolandablankcardthathadnothingonit.Thebeesseemedtounderstandthat“zero”waslessthanone,becausetheyflewtowardtheblankcardmoreoftenthanyou’dexpectiftheywerechoosingatrandom.“Whenweshowedthemzero-versussix,theydidthatatamuchhigherlevelthanzeroversusone,”Howardsays.“Sowhattellsusisthattheyconsiderzeroasanactualquantityalongthenumberline.”AuroreAvargues-Weber,aresearcherwiththeUniversityofToulouse,pointsoutevenveryyoungchildrenhavetroubleunderstandingthatzeroisanumber.“It’seasyforthemtocount‘one,two,three,four,’butzero,it’snotsomethingtocount,”sheexplains.What’smore,thebrainsofbeesareincrediblytinybrainscomparedwiththebrainsofhumans.Evenso,thebeescanunderstandtheabstractconceptofanemptysetandshesaysshefoundthatverysurprising.8.Whatdidtheearlierstudiesfindaboutbees?A.Theycouldflyhigherthanexpected.B.Theycouldunderstandsomenumbers.C.Theycouldrememberarewardwell.D.Theycouldexplorelocallandmarks.9.WhatdidbeeslearntodoinHoward’sfirsttest?A.Distinguishcirclesfromtriangles.B.Drawvarioussymbolsonthecards.C.Identifythesmallerofthetwonumbers.D.Locatesugarwaterwithsymbolshapes.10.Whydidbeesflytotheblankcardmorefrequently?A.Theyweretoldthelocationofthereward.B.Theychosetodoitthoroughlybychance.C.Theypreferredthecardwithnothingonit.D.Theythoughtofzeroasanactualnumber.11.Whyareyoungchildrenmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toarguethatbeeshaveasurprisingmemory.B.Toshowthatbees’giftfornumbersisamazing.C.Toexplainthatbeeslearnaswellasyoungchildren.D.Toconfirmthatbeesaresmarterthanyoungchildren.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.B【解析】【導語】本文是篇說明文。文章講述了研究者們通過一系列的實驗來測試蜜蜂對于數字的認知能力，驚奇地發現了蜜蜂對于零的概念有一個基本的理解。【8題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“Previousexperimentshaveshownthathoneybeeshavesomefacilityfornumbers,becausetheywereabletocountlandmarks(地標)astheysearchedaroundforasweetreward.”（之前的實驗表明，蜜蜂對數字有一定的能力，因為它們在四處尋找甜蜜的回報時，能夠數出地標。）可知，之前的實驗發現蜜蜂能夠理解一些數字。故選B。【9題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“Thebeesquicklylearnedtoflytothecardwiththefewestsymbols,”（蜜蜂很快學會了飛向符號最少的卡片。）可知，在Howard的第一個實驗中，蜜蜂學會了識別數量較少的那組符號。故選C。【10題詳解】細節理解題。根據第四段“Sowhattellsusisthattheyconsiderzeroasanactualquantityalongthenumberline.”（所以這告訴我們，它們把零看作數軸上的一個實數。）可知，蜜蜂更加頻繁地飛向那個空白的卡片是因為它們把零當作了一個實數。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“AuroreAvargues-Weber,aresearcherwiththeUniversityofToulouse,pointsoutevenveryyoungchildrenhavetroubleunderstandingthatzeroisanumber.”（圖盧茲大學的研究員AuroreAvargues-Weber指出，即使是很小的孩子也很難理解零是一個數字。）和“Evenso,thebeescanunderstandtheabstractconceptofanemptysetandshesaysshefoundthatverysurprising.”（即便如此，蜜蜂也能理解空集的抽象概念，她說她發現這非常令人驚訝。）及全段內容可知，作者提到小孩子對于零的理解能力，是為了顯示蜜蜂對于數字的認知天賦令人驚訝。故選B。DTransportisundergoingamassivetransformationsoitcanmeetsociety’sdemandsforalow-carboneconomy.Introducingelectricvehicles(EV)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(轉變)andlong-termdecarbonizationoftransport.IntheUS,transportationproducesthelargestshareofallgreenhousegasemissions(排放)intheeconomyat29%,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen,emissionsofthiskindwouldplummet.However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely.Andwhilefuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)thatturnhydrogenintoelectricitycancompetewithEVperformance-andevenout-competethemonrangeandrefilltime,extraenergyisneededtoproducethehydrogenneededforfuel.Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations.Currently,governmentsworldwidearebackinggreenhydrogenprojectstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsinheavyindustrieslikefreight(貨運),steel,andenergystorage.Buthydrogentransportwillneedrapidproductionmethodstocreatethefuelneededfortheworld’sroadfleet.Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime.Nanoscale(納米級的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater.Thesametechnologyhasbeensuccessfullyusedinsolarpowerdeviceswithhigherefficiency-to-costrates.Sincehydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverseandasseawatermakesupabout96%ofallwateronEarth,thereisavirtuallylimitlesssupply.Evenwastewaterandsolidwastecancreategreenhydrogen.ResearchersatPrincetonUniversityareusingsunlighttoseparatehydrogenfromindustrialwastewater.Chemicalplantsthatcurrentlyfacehighcostsforcleaningwastewatercouldtransformitintocleanhydrogensupplies.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”meaninParagraph2?A.Stop. B.Decrease. C.Continue. D.Disappear.13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waysofstoringhydrogensafely.B.Benefitsoffuelcellelectricvehicles.C.Challengesofusinghydrogenascarfuel.D.Differencesbetweengasolineandhydrogen.14.Whatmakesitmoreefficienttogethydrogenfromtheocean?A.Theapplicationofsolarpowerdevices.B.Themethodofidentifyingwaterelements.CTheinvention.ofthewatertransportsystem.D.Theuseofthenanoscalethin-filmtechnology.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CleanEnergyHydrogenReadytoTakeOffB.TraditionalFuelsBoundtoReachaDeadEndC.HowWeCanGenerateEnergyfromHydrogenD.WhattheFutureofTransportationMayBeLike【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了清潔能源氫氣的開發和利用情況。【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞上文“Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen(超過90%的交通燃料是以汽油為基礎的，但如果更多的車輛使用氫)”可知，如果使用氫氣的話溫室氣體排放量會“下降”。由此可知，劃線詞的意思是“下降”。故選B項。【13題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第三段中的“However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely.(然而，氫并不被認為是汽油作為汽車發動機燃料的理想替代品，因為氫更難安全儲存)”和“Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations.(此外，為儲存、管道和燃料站尋找投資對許多國家來說仍然是一個挑戰)”可知，本段主要講了使用氫作為汽車燃料的挑戰。故選C項。【14題詳解】細節理解題。根據第五段中的Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime.Nanoscale(納米級的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater.(值得慶幸的是，研究一直在進步。納米薄膜被應用于改善化學過程，以快速從海水中獲取氫氣)”可知，采用納米級薄膜技術使得從海洋中獲取氫氣更有效。故選D項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段中的“Introducingelectricvehicles(EV)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(轉變)andlong-termdecarbonizationoftransport.(引入電動汽車（EV）和減少汽油使用是有幫助的，但零碳氫可以加快交通的轉型和長期脫碳)”及下文內容可知，文章主要介紹了清潔能源氫氣的開發和利用情況。由此可知，選項A“清潔能源氫準備起飛”適合用作文章標題。故選A項。第二節(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenyourchildbeginstobegforapet,youmaydrawbackatthethoughtoftheadditionalresponsibilities.Parentsusuallythinkofalltheworkandresponsibilityhavingapetcouldbringabout.____16____●Teachresponsibility.Afamilypetcanhelpshowchildrentheimportanceofpropercareinkeepingtheirnewfriendhappyandhealthy.____17____Giveyourchildasenseofresponsibilitybyhavingthemhelpmeettheseneeds,whethertheyfeellikeitthatdayornot.●Encourageexercise.Ifyou’veeverbeenforcedtokeepupwithayoungdogorcat,youknowhowtiringitcanbe!____18____Byencouragingyourchildtoplaywithhisorherpet,bothofthemwillgettheexercisetheyneedtosleepsoundlyandlivehealthyandhappylives.____19____Teachingyourchildhowto“playnice”withandshowaffectiontoanotherlivingbeingisanessentialfirststeptowarddevelopinglifelongempathy(共情)forothers.Learninghowtobeagoodfriendwithapetwillteachonehowtobemoreopenandfriendlytootherpeopleaswell.●Bepractical.Whilethebenefitsofpetownershipareclear,petsaredefinitelynotforeverybody.Raisingpetsrequiresalargeamountofworkandresponsibility.You’dbettermakesurethewholefamilyisawareoftherequirementthatcomealongwiththepet.____20____It’sbesttointroducethepotentialpettoyourchildbeforebringinghimorherhometoensurethatthereisahealthyconnection.A.Treatotherswell.B.Formaclosebondwithafriend.C.Petsaregreatforhelping"“breaktheice”.D.Butyoucanusethepet’senergytoyouradvantage.E.Also,somepetscanbeveryaggressivewithchildren.F.Allpetsneedtobefed,givenfreshwater,andexercisedregularly.G.However,allowingkidstokeepapetcanteachyoubothsomeimportantlessons.【答案】16.G17.F18.D19.A20.E【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了養寵物給孩子們帶來的益處。【16題詳解】設空句在第一段段末，應是具有承前啟后的作用。結合前文“Parentsusuallythinkofalltheworkandresponsibilityhavingapetcouldbringabout.(父母通常會考慮養寵物可能帶來的所有工作和責任。)”可知，主題為“允許孩子飼養寵物”，且后文“Teachresponsibility.(教導責任。)”，“Encourageexercise.(鼓勵鍛煉。)”則講到了允許孩子飼養寵物的好處，因此，設空句既要包含主題，也要對后文起到引領的作用。選項G“However,allowingkidstokeepapetcanteachyoubothsomeimportantlessons.(然而，讓孩子們養寵物可以給你們倆上一些重要的課。)”貼合主題，與前文構成轉折關系，在句意上也引領了后文，符合分析。故選G項。【17題詳解】根據后文“Giveyourchildasenseofresponsibilitybyhavingthemhelpmeettheseneeds,whethertheyfeellikeitthatdayornot.(讓你的孩子幫助滿足這些需求，讓他們有責任感，無論他們當天是否愿意。)”中提及的“theseneeds”可推知，設空句應是提及了寵物們的需求。選項F“Allpetsneedtobefed,givenfreshwater,andexercisedregularly.(所有的寵物都需要喂食、飲用淡水和定期鍛煉。)”闡述了具體的需求，且“need”符合詞匯復現原則。故選F項。【18題詳解】前文“Ifyou’veeverbeenforcedtokeepupwithayoungdogorcat,youknowhowtiringitcanbe!(如果你曾經被迫跟上一只年幼的狗或貓，你就知道這有多累!)”提及“你”已經知道飼養寵物的勞累，后文“Byencouragingyourchildtoplaywithhisorherpet,bothofthemwillgettheexercisetheyneedtosleepsoundlyandlivehealthyandhappylives.(通過鼓勵你的孩子和他或她的寵物一起玩耍，他們兩個都會得到所需的鍛煉，從而睡得安穩，過上健康快樂的生活。)”則講到“你”可以利用這種“勞累”和“鍛煉”幫助孩子睡得好，且保持健康和快樂，由此可推知，設空句應是轉折句。選項D“Butyoucanusethepet’senergytoyouradvantage.(但你可以利用寵物的能量)”為轉折句，在句意上“advantage”呼應后文“sleepsoundandlivehealthyandhappylives”，符合分析。故選D項。【19題詳解】設空為該段小標題，應是主旨句。根據后文關鍵詞“anessentialfirststeptowarddevelopinglifelongempathyforothers(這是培養終身對他人的同理心必不可少的第一步)”，“Learninghowtobeagoodfriendwithapetwillteachonehowtobemoreopenandfriendlytootherpeopleaswell.(學習如何與寵物成為好朋友，也會教會一個人如何對他人更加開放和友好。)”可知，該部分主要強調了飼養寵物有助于幫助孩子友好對待他人。選項A“Treatotherswell.(善待他人。)”貼合該段主旨。故選A項。【20題詳解】根據該段小標題“Bepractical.(實事求是。)”可知，該段強調飼養寵物的客觀事實，因此，設空句應涉及“事實”，且對比前文講到的好處，那么設空句應講到“不好”。選項E“Also,somepetscanbeveryaggressivewithchildren.(此外，一些寵物對孩子也很有攻擊性。)”講述了寵物有可能具有攻擊性這一事實，符合分析。故選E項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。I’vehadastringofbadlucklately.Lastweekmywashingmachinebroke.Iplannedtofixitmyselfbutsoon____21____therepairswouldcostmorethananewonewould.Thenthisweekthe____22____thinghappenedtomydaughter’swashingmachine!ThistimeI____23____calledafriendtohelp.Onceagain,however,itwasbrokenbeyond____24____.Iendeduphavingto____25____two.Whileboththenewmachinesgotdeliveredquickly,Istill____26____aboutwhatIwasgoingthroughinmyheart.ThemomentIdid,my____27____traveledbacktowhenIwasachild,Isawmygrandma____28____anold-fashionedwashingmachinewithmyjeansandshirts.Itdidn’thaveaspindryer(甩干機)insidesoshehadtoputeachitemthroughapairofrollersto____29____thewater.Whenthewashingwasdone,she’doftenpatthemachine____30____.Shehadgrownuphand-washingclothesandwas____31____forthemachinethatdidsomuchoftheworkforher.RememberingthishelpedmerealizethatIwaslookingatthingsinthe____32____way.Iwasgetting____33____intheinconveniencesofmodernlifeinsteadofbeingthankfulforallIhave.Thegoodolddayshadtheirshareof____34____andjoys.Andsodothegoodnewdays.What____35____ishowwelivethemandwhatwecanlearnfromthem.21.A.regretted B.remembered C.denied D.appreciated22.A.usual B.same C.funny D.amazing23.A.even B.still C.ever D.already24.A.recognition B.control C.repair D.compare25.A.sell B.order C.return D.fix26.A.lied B.cared C.complained D.argued27.A.memory B.dream C.doubt D.fear28.A.covering B.decorating C.loading D.equipping29.A.purify B.remove C.hold D.absorb30.A.firmly B.hurriedly C.wildly D.lovingly31.A.grateful B.eager C.sorry D.responsible32.A.ideal B.proper C.wrong D.traditional33.A.carriedaway B.caughtup C.turneddown D.takenover34.A.purposes B.duties C.excuses D.struggles35.A.matters B.remains C.works D.happens【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.B26.C27.A28.C29.B30.D31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過自己的經歷告訴我們，要對所擁有的一切心存感激，且重要的是我們如何生活，以及我們能從中學到什么。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我本打算自己修，但很快就明白了修理比買一個新的要貴。A.regretted遺憾；B.remembered記得；C.denied否認；D.appreciated明白。根據下文“therepairswouldcostmorethananewonewould(修理比買一個新的要貴得多)”可知，此處指作者很快“明白了”這個道理。故選D項。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后這周同樣的事情發生在我女兒的洗衣機上！A.usual通常的；B.same相同的；C.funny有趣的；D.amazing令人驚訝的。根據下文“mydaughter’swashingmachine(我女兒的洗衣機)”可知，此處指“同樣的”事情發生在女兒的洗衣機上。故選B項。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這次我甚至叫了一個朋友來幫忙。A.even甚至；B.still仍舊；C.ever曾經；D.already已經。根據下文“calledafriendtohelp(叫朋友來幫忙)”可知，此處用程度副詞even表示“甚至”符合語境。故選A項。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，它又一次壞得無法修理。A.recognition承認；B.control控制；C.repair修理；D.compare比較。分析句意再根據空格前的beyond可知，此處用repair，構成固定短語beyondrepair表示“無法修理”符合語境。故選C項。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最后我不得不預定了兩個。A.sell賣；B.order預訂；C.return歸還；D.fix修理。根據上文第4題的分析可知，洗衣機壞得無法修理，所以不得不預定兩個新洗衣機。故選B項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然兩臺新機器都很快交付，但我仍然在抱怨我內心所經歷的一切。A.lied平躺；B.cared照料；C.complained抱怨；D.argued爭論。根據下文“whatIwasgoingthroughinmyheart(我心里所經歷的一切)”可知，此處指“抱怨”所經歷的一切。故選C項。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我這樣做的時候，我的記憶回到了我小時候，我看到奶奶把我的牛仔褲和襯衫裝進一臺老式洗衣機里。A.memory記憶；B.dream夢想；C.doubt懷疑；D.fear恐懼。分析句意再根據空格后的traveledback可知，此處指“記憶”回到了小時候。故選A項。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.covering覆蓋；B.decorating裝飾；C.loading裝進；D.equipping裝備。根據下文jeansandshirts可知，此處指把牛仔褲和襯衫“裝進”洗衣機。故選C項。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：里面沒有烘干機，所以她必須把每件東西通過一對滾輪來去除水分。A.purify凈化；B.remove除去；C.hold抓住；D.absorb吸收。分析句意再根據空格后的thewater可知，此處指用一對滾輪烘干衣服，即“除去”水分。故選B項。【30題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：洗完衣服后，她經常親切地拍拍洗衣機。A.firmly牢固地；B.hurriedly匆忙地；C.wildly野生地；D.lovingly親切地。根據下文“Shehadgrownuphand-washingclothes(她是手洗衣服長大的)”可知，奶奶對洗衣機應該是很愛護的，所以此處指“親切地”拍拍洗衣機。故選D項。【31題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她從小就手洗衣服，很感激這臺洗衣機為她做了這么多工作。A.grateful感激的；B.eager渴望的；C.sorry抱歉的；D.responsible負責的。根據下文“themachinethatdidsomuchoftheworkforher(那臺替她干了很多活的機器)”可知，洗衣機干了很多活兒，所以此處指奶奶很“感激”這臺洗衣機。故選A項。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：記住這一點，我意識到我看待問題的方式是錯誤的。A.ideal理想的；B.proper合適的；C.wrong錯誤的；D.traditional傳統的。根據下文“insteadofbeingthankfulfor(而不是感激)”可知，此處指以一種“錯誤的”方式看待問題。故選C項。【33題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我被現代生活的種種不便所困，而沒有對我所擁有的一切心存感激。A.carriedaway帶走；B.caughtup困住；C.turneddown拒絕；D.takenover接管。分析句意再根據空格后的in可知，此處用固定短語caughtupin表示“被困在”種種不便中。故選B項。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：過去的美好時光有艱難，也有歡樂。A.purposes目的；B.duties職責；C.excuses借口；D.struggles斗爭。根據上文第6題的分析和文章第二段中作者對小時候的回憶可知，過去的時光中有“艱難”也有快樂。故選D項。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：重要的是我們如何生活，以及我們能從中學到什么。A.matters要緊，有關系；B.remains留下；C.works起作用；D.happens發生。分析句意再根據下文的“howwelive(我們如何生活)”可知，此處指“重要的是”我們如何生活。故選A項。第二節(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Smartcitiesmayhavetheirownuniq