題型二完形填空

完形填空主要考查學生對文章意義的理解,并結合文意考查語言知識和語篇分析能力。信息詞匯(名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等)所占比重較大。考點主要涉及具體語境中單詞的確切含義(如詞義辨析、習語搭配等)、上下文段落的銜接與判斷推理及對篇章的整體理解等。考查的語篇類型以記敘文為主,詞數(shù)通常在300左右。1.重視首句,把握開篇。完形填空一般無標題,首句一般不設空,是完整的一句話,全文信息由此展開。細讀首句,可判斷文章體裁,預測全文主旨大意。有的短文是幽默故事,往往末尾一句“道破天機”,因此不可忽略。2.速讀全文,掌握大意。速讀全文要一氣呵成,盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方,仍要快速讀下去。讀時要注意找出關鍵詞、中心詞,畫出某些代表人物和情節(jié)的詞,以便形成思路。注意不要在沒掌握大意的情況下,邊閱讀邊做題,這樣速度慢、準確率低。如果是科技短文,那就需要充分利用我們已學過的知識,所選答案要符合科學道理;如果是短篇故事,那就需要注意故事發(fā)生的時間、地點以及情節(jié)的發(fā)展,所選答案必須符合情節(jié)的變化,合情合理,要注意邏輯推理及事件的因果關系。3.瞻前顧后,靈活答題。先讀空格所在的句子,回顧上一句,兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩個空格待填,在初定答案時要“雙管齊下”,在兩處同時試填,然后通讀全句,確定答案。答題方法:(1)擇優(yōu)法。根據(jù)文章內容及結構邊讀邊填,如果能夠立刻判斷最佳答案的,不必再去逐個考證其余答案。(2)排除法。如果答案一時難以確定,可以從語法結構、詞語搭配、上下文語境、習慣用法、詞義辨析等方面入手,對選項進行逐項分析試填。排除干擾選項,從而確定正確的答案。4.復核全文,調整答案。全部題目做完后,并非就此完事,還應該對各題進行認真檢查。檢查方法:代入自己所選的答案,把短文從頭到尾慢慢地閱讀一遍,仔細地從各個方面推敲已經(jīng)選擇的答案是否正確,有沒有自己把握不足或覺得似是而非的地方。進行核查時,需要注意以下三點:(1)上下文的一致性:即時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致,代詞、名詞和單復數(shù)的一致。(2)從語法、固定搭配和語感入手,看是否符合上下文的邏輯,是否符合科學道理,是否符合故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。(3)段與段、句與句之間的銜接是否連貫。這次復核至關重要,常能糾正一至兩處甚至多處錯誤。同時對極難確定的答案,也要憑語感選擇一個,決不可以空著不選。(2023·鹽城)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從各題所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案。ItwasNewYear’sEve.Acoupleweredecoratingtheirroomwhenthemansaidtohiswife,“I’mgladthisyearwillfinishinafew

1

.Whataterribleyearwe’vehad!”

Hiswifeaskedhim,“Why?Idon’tunderstand!”Themanwasvery

2

andreplied,“Youdon’tunderstand?Thinkaboutwhathashappenedthisyear.Firstofall,Ihada(n)

3

toremovemykidney(腎臟).Remember?Lastmonth,Iturned65andIwastoldto

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myjobtomakeroomforsomeoneyounger.Huh!WhatamIgoingtodonow?Andyousurelyhaven’tforgottenthe

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,whichmadeoursonstayinhospitalforthreeweeks,haveyou?Andthatmeanthe

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takehisexamstogetintomedicalschool.Andwehadtobuyanewcar.It’sa

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year!I’msogladitwillbeover.”

Hiswifedidn’tsaymuch.She

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theroom.Afewminuteslater,shecamebackinandsaid,“OK,Iheardwhatyousaid.Butthisis

9

Iseethings.Yourkidneyhadbeen

10

youforyearsandyouwon’thavethatpaineveragain.Nowthatyoudon’thavetogotowork,youcanspendmoretimeinthe

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,takingbettercareofyourflowers.Andthatisthe

12

you’vealwayswanted.Althoughthecarwasdestroyed,oursonstayed

13

.He’lldoevenbetterinhisexamsnextyearsincehe’sgotmoretimeto

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.SoIthinkit’sagoodyear,andthenewonewillstartinafewhours.I’msureit’llbeanothergoodyear.”

Wecan’tcontrolthethingsthathappentous,butwecan

15

howwelookatthem.Whateverhappens,youcanbeoptimisticornot—it’suptoyou.

(

)1.A.months B.weeks

C.days D.hours(

)2.A.interested B.stressed

C.surprised D.touched(

)3.A.ability B.right

C.chance D.operation(

)4.A.leave B.change

C.continue D.start(

)5.A.book B.exam

C.accident D.medicine(

)6.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t

C.mustn’t D.needn’t(

)7.A.wonderful B.terrible

C.strange D.common(

)8.A.wentbackinto

B.lookedbackinto C.lookedoutof

D.wentoutof(

)9.A.how B.why C.when D.where(

)10.A.protecting B.satisfying C.worrying D.relaxing(

)11.A.garden B.kitchen C.hospital D.school(

)12.A.work B.life C.trip D.gift(

)13.A.calm B.silent C.alive D.alone(

)14.A.play B.study C.sleep D.exercise(

)15.A.copy B.control C.explain D.express[例題解析]1.D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文中“ItwasNewYear’sEve.”可知是除夕,再過幾小時這一年就結束了。hours符合語境。2.C考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中丈夫所說“Youdon’tunderstand?Thinkaboutwhathashappenedthisyear.”可知,丈夫對妻子所說的“Why?Idon’tunderstand!”表示驚訝。3.D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的toremovemykidney可知,此處指是做了一次手術。operation符合語境。4.A考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)“...Iturned65andIwastoldto...myjobtomakeroomforsomeoneyounger.”可知,丈夫說他65歲了,要給年輕人騰位置了。由此可推知,他被告知要辭職了。leave符合語境。5.C考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中whichmadeoursonstayinhospitalforthreeweeks可推知,因發(fā)生事故,他兒子住院三周。accident符合語境。6.A考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。couldn’t不能;shouldn’t不應該;mustn’t禁止,不許可;needn’t不必。根據(jù)語境可知,兒子住院了,因此不能參加考試進入醫(yī)科學校。couldn’t符合語境。7.B考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)丈夫所敘述的這一年中所發(fā)生的事可推知,這一年是糟糕的一年;也可根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Whataterribleyearwe’vehad!”來判斷。8.D考查短語辨析。根據(jù)下文中“Afewminuteslater,shecamebackin”可推知,妻子走出房間。9.A考查疑問詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知,丈夫對這一年所發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾;再根據(jù)下文可知,妻子與丈夫的看法不同,她以另一種方式看待他們過去的一年所發(fā)生的事。ButthisishowIseethings符合語境,由此引出下文。10.C考查動詞辨析。protect保護;satisfy使?jié)M意;worry擔憂,發(fā)愁;relax放松。根據(jù)上文可知,丈夫做了腎臟摘除手術,由此可推知,他的腎臟疾病困擾了他許多年,現(xiàn)在摘除了,他也不會飽受疼痛了。11.A考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中takingbettercareofyourflowers可推知,丈夫雖然沒了工作,但是他能花更多的時間在花園照顧花兒了。12.B考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知,此處指這是丈夫一直想要的生活。13.C考查形容詞辨析。calm鎮(zhèn)靜的;silent寂靜的;alive活著的;alone獨自。根據(jù)語境可知,雖然車子毀壞了,但兒子還活著。alive符合語境。14.B考查動詞辨析。兒子因車禍沒能參加考試,但是他可以在明年考得更好,因為他有更多的時間學習。study符合語境。15.B考查動詞辨析。我們不能控制發(fā)生在我們身上的事情,但是我們能控制我們看待所發(fā)生的事情的方式。強化練習A(2022·連云港)ZuTiwasagreatmanoftheJindynasty.Hewas

1

forhishardworkandgreatachievements.Butwhenhewasachild,hewasanaughty(頑皮的)boywhoshowedlittle

2

inreading.Ashegrewup,ZuTi

3

hedidn’thaveenoughknowledge.Andhefeltdeeplythathecouldnotservehiscountrywell.Sohemadeup

4

mindtostudyhard.

ZuTihada

5

friendnamedLiuKun.Theyhadadeepfriendship.Sotheystayedtogethereveryday.Theyevensleptononebedeverynightand

6

atthesametimeeverymorning.Oneday,whentheywere

7

,ZuTiheardtheroostercrowing(打鳴).An

8

cametohim.HewokeupLiuKunandsaid,“Howaboutgettinguptoplayswords(劍)?”

9

hewasstillsleepy,LiuKunagreedwithZuTigladly.Fromthenon,theygotupandplayedswords

10

theroosterbegancrowing.Theykepttheirwordsdayafterday.Theynevergaveupnomatterhow

11

inwinterorhotinsummer.Besides,theybegantostudyhistory

12

andputalltheirenergyintoreadingbooks.

13

,theylearnedagreatdealofknowledgeandmademuchprogress.Afewyearslater,

14

ofthemgrewupwithtalentsandwisdom.Atlast,their

15

cametrueandtheymadegreatcontributionstotheircountry.

ThisistheChineseidiomstory“ToRisewiththeRooster”.(

)1.A.ready B.famous

C.late D.sorry(

)2.A.pride B.respect

C.interest D.kindness(

)3.A.realized B.decided

C.imagined D.promised(

)4.A.his B.her

C.its D.their(

)5.A.rich B.busy

C.same D.close(

)6.A.pickedup B.gotup

C.gaveup D.madeup(

)7.A.fighting B.discussing

C.sleeping D.reading(

)8.A.order B.idea

C.exam D.abilityBCAADBCB(

)9.A.Because B.Unless C.If D.Though(

)10.A.aswellas B.asmuchas C.asgoodas D.assoonas(

)11.A.long B.dry C.cold D.quiet(

)12.A.carefully B.politely C.probably D.recently(

)13.A.Inthisway B.Bytheway

C.Intheirway D.Onhisway(

)14.A.either B.all C.both D.neither(

)15.A.mistakes B.dreams C.hobbies D.difficultiesDDCAACBB(2022·宿遷)“What’sthis?”Bobasked,pointingatawoodenboxonthesidewalk(人行道).Thesignonitsaid“LittleFreeLibrary”.“I’veheardofit,”Bob’seldersisterLilysaid.“Peoplemakeitandputbooks

1

.Otherpeopletakeawaythebookstheywantandaddthe

2

they’vealreadyread.”

“Iwanttomakesomethinglikethat,”saidBob.“Sokidscanexchangebooks.”“Whatif(要是……會怎么樣)itdoesn’twork?”Lilyasked.“Whywouldn’tit

3

?”askedBob.Lilyshrugged(聳肩)andsaid,“Maybekidswon’tnoticeit,ormaybetheywon’twantto

4

theirbooks.”

“I’dliketotryanyway,”Bobsaid.“Willyouhelpmemakeone?”“Sure,”Lilysaid.“I’llalsoaskDadfor

5

.”

BobraninsidetocollectbookswhileLilytalkedtoDad.WithDad’shelp,they

6

awoodenbox.Theyputadooronitandattached(把……固定)theboxtoapost(樁).Thentheydugaholeintheirfrontyardandliftedthepostintothehole.

Bobputthebooksinsidetheboxandclosedthe

7

.“NowIjusthavetowait,”hesaid.Threetimesthatday,Bobranoutsidetocheck.

8

eachtime,hisbooksweretheonlyonesinside.

Forthenextfewdays,Bob

9

theboxagainandagain.However,hisbookswerestillthere.“Iguessyouwereright,Lily,”Bobsaid.“Nokidswanttoexchangebooks.”“Iknowyoureallywantedyour

10

towork,Bob,”Lilysaid.“I’msorryitdidn’t.”

Thenexttwodays,Bobdidn’tcheckthebox.“Aren’tyougoingtocheckyourlittle

11

,Bob?”Lilyasked.“Maybe

12

decidedtoexchangebooks.Youcangoandhavealook.”

Bobwalkedslowlytothebox.Heopenedthedoor.Hisbooksweregone.Instead,theboxwas

13

withnewbooks.“Wow,itworked!”Bobshoutedexcitedly.

Indeed,itwasLilywhohelpedherbrotherBob.Shecalledallthe

14

kidsintheneighbourhoodandaskedthemtotelltheiryoungersistersandbrothers.

Bob’sideaworked

15

.Hewasveryluckytohavenewbookstoreadandaverygoodsister.

(

)1.A.inside B.outside

C.forward D.upward(

)2.A.letters B.words

C.books D.papers(

)3.A.stay B.work

C.keep D.change(

)4.A.shake B.spell

C.share D.sell(

)5.A.fun B.hope

C.joy D.help(

)6.A.gave B.made

C.broke D.drew(

)7.A.wall B.floor

C.window D.door(

)8.A.And B.So

C.But D.SinceACBCDBDC(

)9.A.checked B.fixed C.knocked D.closed(

)10.A.story B.idea C.order D.joke(

)11.A.office B.library C.museum D.classroom(

)12.A.someone B.anyone C.nobody D.none(

)13.A.locked B.connected C.charged D.filled(

)14.A.stronger B.shorter C.older D.larger(

)15.A.atlast B.inall C.atfirst D.aboveallABBADCAC(2022·揚州)Lateonenight,Gulliverreceivedawarningthatsomenobleswantedtokillhim.EventheemperorofLilliputwantedtogivehimlessfoodtosave

1

.ItwastruethatGulliverwasveryexpensive.

Quickly,hewrotealettertotheemperor,“I’m

2

tovisitBlefuscu,asIpromised.”

Thenhehurrieddowntothesea

3

LilliputandBlefuscu.

ThekingofBlefuscuhimselfcameouttomeethim.“Welcome!”criedtheking.“Stayas

4

asyoulike.”

Walkingonthebeachaweeklater,Gulliversawasmallboat—butafull-sizedone.Itwas

5

upsidedowninthewater.

Gulliverrushedtotheking.Hebegged,“Canyouhelpmerescuetheboat?Thiscouldbemychancetogohome.”“Ofcourse,”saidtheking.“Takesomeshipstohelpyou.”Gulliverswamouttotheboat,holdingropesfromeachofthe

6

.

WiththeshipspullingandGulliver

7

,theboatwasbroughtsafelytotheshore.

Gulliverandtheking’smensetaboutfixingtheboatforhislongjourneyhome.Soon,theboatwasfinished.“I’dliketoleavenow,”Gullivertoldtheking.“Butnooneathomewill

8

mystory.CouldItakesomeofyourpeoplewithme?”

“Ican’tpossibly

9

that,”saidtheking.“Butyoumaytakesome

10

andasheep.”

HealsogaveGulliverfiftybagsofgoldcoins.“Idon’twantyoutogo,”hesaid.“ButIunderstand

11

youhaveto.”

“Thankyou,”saidGulliver.“I’llnever

12

youall.”

Afteronlyafewdaysatseainhisboat,Gulliversawaship.Heshoutedandwavedwildly.Hewas

13

!Onesailorfoundhim.Theshipsailedoverand

14

Gulliver.“Wherehaveyoucomefrom?”askedthecaptain.“AplacecalledBlefuscu,”saidGulliverandheshowedthecaptainthe

15

fromtheemperor.

Thecaptainwassosurprised.Forafewgoldcoinsandacoupleofcows,heagreedtotakeGulliverallthewayhome.—AdaptedfromGulliver’s

Travels(

)1.A.life B.time

C.money D.energy(

)2.A.against B.beyond

C.off D.through(

)3.A.between B.among

C.upon D.during(

)4.A.long B.far

C.often D.soon(

)5.A.taking B.falling

C.swimming D.floating(

)6.A.boats B.ships

C.men D.sails(

)7.A.filling B.shaking

C.pushing D.carrying(

)8.A.make B.expect

C.suppose D.believeCCAADBCD(

)9.A.require B.refuse C.avoid D.allow(

)10.A.food B.people C.coins D.cows(

)11.A.when B.how C.why D.whether(

)12.A.forget B.regret C.force D.obey(

)13.A.indanger B.inluck C.infear D.inpeace(

)14.A.pickedup B.gaveup C.setup D.dressedup(

)15.A.awards B.presents C.victims D.rewardsDDCABABD(2022·鄂州)Dealingwithanosebleed(鼻出血)mightseemsimple.Butrecently,theBritishRedCrossaskedparentswithyoungchildrenhowtohelpachildwithanosebleed.About65percentoftheparentsdidnot

1

thecorrectactiontohelp.

Learningwhattodoifalittleonehasanosebleedwillhelpyou

2

thesituationquicklyandcalmly.Here,Clairesharesthestoryofhowshehelpedherdaughterwhenher

3

wasbleeding.

Onaveryhotandsunnyday,Clairetook

4

daughterBella,agedalmostthreeandahalf,tothepark.Onthewayhome,Bellafell

5

inthecar.

Whentheygothome,Clairefoundsomethingwaswrong

6

Bella.

“AsIwaslayingherdown,bloodstarted

7

fromhernose.Itwasalloverherfaceanddownherneckandthatmademe

8

,”Clairesaid.

Havingalreadylearnedfirstaid,Claireknew

9

todo.

“Bellagotupsetbecauseofallthe

10

.Isatherupandleant(傾斜)herforwardand

11

thesidesofhernose,”Clairesaid.

“Iknewthiswasn’t

12

,asleaningherforwardwouldstopthebloodfromgoingintoherairwayorstomach.”

13

,Bella’snosebleedstoppedafterafewminutes.

Clairewasgladthatshehadrememberedthekey

14

tohelpchildrenwithanose-bleed:topinchthesoftpartoftheirnoseandaskthemtoleanforward.

Infact,everyparentshould

15

firstaid.Thenheorshecansavethechildinarightway.

(

)1.A.control B.make

C.choose D.answer(

)2.A.agreewith B.dealwith

C.talkwith D.playwith(

)3.A.tooth B.ear

C.mouth D.nose(

)4.A.their B.your

C.her D.his(

)5.A.asleep B.awake

C.sleepy D.alive(

)6.A.about B.with

C.through D.for(

)7.A.putting B.working

C.getting D.pouring(

)8.A.happy B.bored

C.scared D.dangerousCBDCABDC(

)9.A.what B.where C.how D.when(

)10.A.blood B.situation C.break D.risk(

)11.A.hit B.pulled C.hurt D.pressed(

)12.A.important B.wrong C.necessary D.right(

)13.A.Suddenly B.Quickly C.Luckily D.Heavily(

)14.A.spirits B.ways C.places D.shapes(

)15.A.use B.learn C.find D.showAADBCBBE(2022·廣州)WhenIwasnineyearsold,Iwantedtokeepapetfish.Aftermonthsof

1

,Ifinallyhadenoughmoneytogetone.InameditBob.Iput

2

beautifultoyhousewithwindowsinthetank(魚缸)sothatBobcouldswimthroughit.Sometimes,Iwoulddrawpicturesof

3

fishandseaplantsandtapethemonthesideofthetank,soBobwouldn’tgetlonelywhileI

4

atscho