目錄

2003廈門大學417閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2004廈門大學417閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2005廈門大學417閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2006廈門大學417閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2007廈門大學414閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2008廈門大學814閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2009廈門大學814閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2010廈門大學814閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2011廈門大學814閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2012廈門大學814閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2013廈門大學814閱讀及英美文學、語

言學基礎考研真題及詳解

2003廈門大學417閱讀及英美文學、語言學基礎考研真題及詳解

PartOneReadingComprehension70分

Directions:Eachpassagebelowisfollowedbyquestionsbasedonitscontent.

Afterreadingapassage,choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Andthen

blackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Theplaceofthechildinsocietyhasvariedforthousandsofyearsandhas

beenaffectedbydifferentculturesandreligions.Inancienttimesunwanted

childrenwereoccasionallyabandoned,puttodeath,exploited,orofferedfor

religioussacrifices,andinanyeventalargepercentageofthemdidn’t

survivetheirphysicallyhazardousexistencetoachievematurity.

InWesterncivilizationwithinthelastfewhundredyears,therehavebeen

manychangesinattitudetowardtheyoung.InagriculturalEurope,andlater

withthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,thechildrenofthepoor

workedlonghoursforlittleornopay,andtherewasnopublicconcernfor

theirsafetyorwelfare.Punishmentcouldbebrutalandsevere,and

sometimes-religiouspassionswereexpressedviolentlywithaviewtoward

savingthechild’ssoul.

Bytheeighteenthcenturytheharsh,deterministic,doctrinairemethodsbegan

toshowsomechange.Societyslowlyaccordedchildrenaroleofmore

importance.Bookswerewrittenexpresslyforthemandgraduallylawswere

passedfortheirprotection.

Inthepastfewdecadesparentshavebecomemoreattentivetotheneedsof

theirchildren.Betterhealthcareisavailableandeducationisnolonger

reservedforalimitedfew.Withsomanynowabletogotocollege,many

rearinghasswungsofartowardpermissivenessthatmanychildrenare

growingupalienatedfromsocietyandwithnorespectforlaworparental

authority.

Thetendencytodayisforteachersandparentstoemphasizeindividual

responsibilityandtostressthateducationalgoalsforstudentsshouldbe

tailoredtotheirchosenvocationsratherthanprovideageneralizedhigher

education.

1．Whatdoesthearticlesayaboutchildren?

A.Theyhavealwaysbeenthehopeofmankind.

B.Incertainperiodsofhistorynoonecaredaboutthem.

C.Inthemid-eighteenthcenturywesternattitudestowardchildrenbeganto

change.

D.Therewerelawsbarringchildlaborduringtheindustrialrevolution.

2．Whatdoesthearticlesayaboutchildreninancienttimes?

A.Theywereworshippedasdeities.

B.Attimestheywereusedassacrificialofferings.

C.Peoplewhodidn’twantchildrenusuallymurderedthem.

3．Whatchangeshaveoccurredinthepastfewdecadeswithregardtothe

child’splaceinsociety?

A.Childraisinghasbecomemorepermissive.

B.Publichealthhasimprovedsomuchthroughmedicaladvancesthat

childrennowneednoparticularhealthcare.

C.Childrenarebecomingmoreintelligent.

D.Childrenarebecomingmorerespectfultowardtheirparents.

4．Whatisthepresenttrendinchilddisciplineandeducation?

A.togiveasmanyyoungpeopleaspossibleapopulargeneralizedcollege

education.

B.Tocreatemoreregimentationoftheindividual.

C.toteachchildrentoconformtorigorousrules.

D.toemphasizeindividualresponsibility.

【答案與解析】

1．B細節理解題。根據第二段第二句，在歐洲處于農業社會及工業革

命前期時，無人關心孩子們的安全和福利，B正確。根據第三段第一句

話可知，到18世紀工業革命命運主義和教條主義論開始有所改變，C選

項時間不對，故C錯誤。

2．B細節理解題。根據第一段第二句，對于不想要的孩子，他們會把

他們作為祭祀品獻給宗教事業，故B正確。

3．A細節辨析題。根據倒數第二段最后一句話，“隨著許多人可以上大

學，培養孩子的方式也越來越變成放任孩子不管，以至于許多孩子長大

后反社會，不把法律和家長的權威放在眼里。”可知，A選項是簡化了原

文，故選A。

4．D細節理解題。根據最后一段第一句話中“現在的趨勢是強調個體責

任”，故D正確。

Passage2

Manyexperimentalcarshavebeendesignedasone-of-a-kindmodelstobe

shownprivatelyorpresentedinautoshows,butneverproducedforactual

sale.Onepurposeofsuchcarsistotestconsumerreactiontothevarious

featuresshown.Theyarealsotheresultsofinspiredaswellasinnovative

ideasdevelopedintheautomaker’sworkshops.Oneexperimentalcar,the

FirebirdbyGeneralMotors,hadasinglestickcontrolsystemeliminatingthe

conventionalsteeringwheel,brakepedalandaccelerator.Movingthestickto

theleftorfightsteeredthecarinthosedirections.Pushingforward

acceleratedthecarandpullingbackappliedthebrakes.Thecontrolstickwas

inthecenterofthefrontcompartmentandeitherthedriverorthepassenger

couldoperateit.

5．Inthisparagraphwhatismeantbyanexperimentalcar?

A.Adisplaycarthatcustomerscanhavemadetoorder

B.Onethatthecompanywillproduceinvolumethefollowingyear

C.Acartosuitthetastesoftheverywealthy.

D.Acartotestpublicreactiontonewfeatures.

6．WhatwassaidabouttheFirebirdputoutbyGeneralMotors?

A.Itimmediatelyprovedtobeimmenselypopular.

B.Itwasacarthatcouldbemaneuveredwiththeuseoffewerknobsand

pedalsthanconventionalcars.

C.Itwasanewsystemthatwaspracticallyfoolproof.

D.Itgavethedriverasenseofsecurity.

7．Whatdothemanufacturersaccomplishbymakingexperimentalcars?

A.Theycantestoutnewdesignideasconceivedintheengineering

department.

B.Theyareusedtodeceivetheircompetitorsaboutthedirectionoftheir

futuredesigns.

C.Theyaredisplayedtoshowpeoplehowbizarreindesigntheymay

become.

D.Theyservetooccupythesparetimeofdesignengineersduringslack

seasons.

【答案與解析】

5．D細節理解題。根據第二句話可知，實驗車的目的就是想看看顧客

對于新性能的反應，故選D。

6．B細節理解題。根據第四句話可知，Firebird是一輛實驗車，而非系

統，該車只用一個桿子操縱，相對于傳統汽車而言，省去了剎車和油

門，故B正確，C選項錯在Firebird不是一個系統，故排除。

7．A細節理解題。根據第三句話可知，實驗車也體現了汽車制造者新

的設計想法，故A正確。

Passage3

One-roomschoolsarepartoftheheritageoftheUnitedStates,andthe

mentionofthemmakespeoplefeelavaguelongingfor“Thewaythings

were.”One-roomschoolsareanendangeredspecies,however.Formorethan

ahundredyears,one-roomschoolshavebeensystematicallyshutdownand

theirstudentssentawaytocentralizedschools.Asrecentlyas1930there

were149,000one-roomschoolsintheUnitedStates.By1970therewere

1,800.Today,ofthenearly800remainingone-roomschools,morethan350

areinNebraska.Therestarescatteredthroughafewotherstatesthathaveon

theirroadmapswide-openspacesbetweentowns.

Nowthattherearehardlyanyleft,educatorsarebeginningtothinkthat

maybethereissomethingyettobelearnedfromone-roomschools,

somethingthatservedthepioneersthatmightserveaswelltoday.

Progressiveeducatorshavecomeupwithprogressive-soundingnameslike

“peer-groupteaching”and“multi-agegrouping”foreducationalprocedures

thatoccurnaturallyintheone-roomschool.Inaone-roomschoolthe

childrenteacheachotherbecausetheteacherisbusypartofthetimeteaching

someoneelse.Afourthgradercanworkatafifth-gradelevelinmathanda

third-gradelevelinEnglishwithoutthestigmaassociatedwithbeingleft

backorthepressuresofbeingskippedahead.Ayoungsterwithalearning

disabilitycanfindhisorherownlevelwithoutbeingseparatedfromtheother

pupils.Inlargerurbanandsuburbanschoolstoday,thisiscalled

“mainstreaming.”Afewhoursinasmallschoolthathasonlyoneclassroom

anditbecomesclearwhysomanyparentsfeelthatoneoftheadvantagesof

livinginNebraskaisthattheirchildrenhavetogotoaone-roomschool.

8．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

A.Todiscusspresent-dayeducationintheUnitedStates.

B.Tomentionsomeadvantagesofone-roomschools.

C.Topersuadestatestoclosedownone-roomschools.

D.TosummarizethehistoryofeducationintheUnitedStates.

9．Theauthorimpliesthatmanyeducatorsandparentstodayfeelthatone-

roomschools_____.

A.aretoosmall

B.putpressureonteachers

C.aretoofarapart

D.provideagoodeducation

10．Accordingtothepassage,whyareone-roomschoolsindangerof

disappearing?

A.Theyskiptoomanychildrenahead.

B.Therearenofourth-gradelevelsinanyofthem.

C.Thereisatrendtowardcentralization.

D.Theyallexistinonestate.

11．Accordingtothepassage,abouthowmanyone-roomschoolaretherein

theUnitedStatestoday?

A.149,000

B.1800

C.800

D.350

12．Inthesecondparagraph,whatismentionedasamajorcharacteristicof

theone-roomschoolsystem?

A.Itcausesmanychildrentobeleftback.

B.Itmustworkinconjunctionwithanurbanschool.

C.Itdoesnotallowteacherstodoanyindividualteaching.

D.Itdoesnotlimitlearningtoonegradelevelatatime.

13．Theattitudeoftheauthortowardone-roomschoolsisoneof_____.

A.humor

B.indifference

C.commendation

D.anger

【答案與解析】

8．B主旨大意題。第一段介紹單班學校數量的減少，第二段介紹教育

者和家長們意識到單板學校教育的好處，故作者旨在介紹單班學校的優

勢，故選B。

9．D段落大意題。第二段教育者們思考并借鑒單班學校的教學模式，

說明教育者們一定程度上認可單班教學的優勢，而第二段最后一句話家

長們覺得住在內布拉斯加州的一個好處就是孩子們接受的是單班教育，

兩者都肯定了單班教育的教學優勢，故選D。

10．C細節理解題。根據第一段第三句話可知，一百多年來孩子們都被

送去念集中式學校，故C正確。

11．C細節理解題。根據第一段倒數第二句可知，留存下來的單班學校

有800所，350所在內布拉斯加州，故C正確。

12．D細節理解題。第二段指出，單班教學就是所有年級都在一起上

課，故D正確。

13．C作者觀點題。第二段著重介紹了單班教學的優點，并沒有談及其

缺點，故作者持支持觀點，選C。

Passage4

Inthepast,evolutionarybiologistscontemplatingtheabsenceofwheelsin

natureagreedthattheexplanationwasnotundesirability;wheelswouldbe

goodforanimals,justastheyareforus.Animalswerepreventedfrom

evolvingwheels,thebiologistsreasoned,bythefollowingdilemma:Living

cellsinananimal’sbodyareconnectedtotheheartbybloodvessels,andto

thebrainbynerves.Becausearotatingjointisessentialtoawheel,awheel

madeoflivingcellswouldtwistitsartery,vein,andnerveconnectionsatthe

firstrevolution,makinglivingwheelsimpracticable.

However,thereisaflawintheargumentthattheevolutionofwheeled

animalswasthwartedbytheinsolublejointproblem.Thetheoryfailsto

explainwhyanimalshavenotevolvedwheelsofdeadtissuewithnoneedfor

arteriesandnerves.Countlessanimals,includingus,bearexternalstructures

withoutbloodsupplyornerves–forexample,ourhairandfingernails,orthe

scales,claws,andhornsofotheranimals.Whyhaveratsnotevolvedbony

wheels,similartorollerskates?Pawsmightbemoreusefulthanwheelsin

somesituations,butcat’sclawsareretractable;whynotretractablewheels?

WethusarriveattheseriousbiologicalparadoxflippantlytermedtheRRR

dilemma:nature’sfailuretoproduceratswithretractablerollerskates.

14．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.EvolutionaryBiology:NewResearchMethods

B.HowDoLivingJointsFunction?

C.WheelsforAnimals:ABiologicalPossibility?

D.TheEvolutionaryHistoryoftheWheel.

15．Thepassagediscussestheevolutionofanimalsintermsoftheir_____.

A.geneticstructures

B.reproductivecycles

C.anatomy

D.behavior

16．Thestructuralmaterialofthewheelsdiscussedinthepassagewouldbe

similartothatof_____.

A.nerves

B.joints

C.arteriesandveins

D.scalesandhorns

17．Theconceptofretractablerollerskates,mentionedinthelastsentence,

wouldbebestexplainedas_____.

A.anevolutionaryvariationofclaws

B.acomplexstructureoflivingtissue

C.anexampleofhumaninterventioninnaturaldevelopment

D.anewdiscoverybyevolutionists

【答案與解析】

14．C主旨大意題。全文講述的是動物是否能進化出輪子作為身體的一

部分，故選C。

15．B細節辨析題。能否進化出輪子與再生循環系統有關，故選B。其

他選項文中沒有提到。

16．D細節理解題。第一段已經說明了由活細胞構成的輪子是不可能

的，所以文章主要談論的是由非活細胞構成的輪子。第二段第三句話舉

出了由非活細胞構成的組織的例子，其中就包括scalesandhorns，故選

D。

17．A細節辨析題。第二段倒數第三句反問為什么老鼠不能進化出類

似于輪子的結構，倒數第二句反問既然貓的爪子可伸縮，為什么不能有

可伸縮的輪子。最后一句將前兩句合并后得出結論，是自然演變過程中

沒能使老鼠進化出可伸縮的輪滑鞋般的輪子，而僅僅是爪子。實際上可

伸縮的輪滑鞋般的輪子就是爪子革命性的變體，故選A。全文只是質疑

為什么大自然中沒有進化出類似輪子的結構，但并沒有提到有人類干

預，故C錯誤。

Passage5

WhenthepersuadingandtheplanningfortheWesternrailroadshadfinally

beencompleted,thereallychallengingtaskremained:thedangerous,sweaty,

backbreaking,brawlingbusinessofactuallybuildingthelines.Themenwho

tookitoncomprisedthemostcosmopolitanworkcrewinAmericanhistory.

TheyincludedCivilWarveteransandfreedslaves,IrishandGerman

immigrants,Mormonsandatheists,Shoshonis,Paiutes,Washos,and

Chinese.

Atthepeakoftheirlabors,theworkcrewslaidtwotofivemilesoftracka

day.Themenfilledravines,ranspiderytrestlesacrossrivesandvalleys,and

punchedholesthroughmountains.Andtheydidallthesejobslargelybytheir

ownmusclepower.

Flatcarscarriedrailstowithinhalfamileoftherailhead:theretheironwas

loadedontocarts.Aneyewitnessdescribedtheprocedure:“Alightcar,

drawnbyasinglehorse,gallopsuptothefrontwithitsloadrails.Twomen

seizetheendofarailandstartforward,therestofthegangtakingholdby

twosuntilitisclearofthecar.Theycomeforwardatarun.Atthewordof

command,therailisdroppedinitsplace,rightsideup.Lessthanthirty

secondstoarailforeachgang,andsofourrailsgodowntotheminute.”

18．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.AnEyewitnessReport

B.ADifficultTask

C.TheHiringofaConstructionCrew

D.TheRailroadandtheCivilwar

19．Accordingtothepassage,inadditiontolayingrailroadtrack,thework

crewdidwhichofthefollowing?

A.Climbedovermountainpeaks.

B.Plannedrailroads.

C.Caughthorses.

D.Madetunnels.

20．Insecondparagraph,theword“they”referto_____.

A.men

B.valleys

C.mountains

D.jobs

21．Whichofthefollowingphrasescouldbesubstitutedforthephrased

“clearof”(inthethirdparagraph)withoutchangingthemeaningofthe

sentence?

A.putthrough

B.visibleto

C.awayfrom

D.opento

【答案與解析】

18．B主旨大意題。全文都在講建鐵路的人如何辛苦，故選B。

19．D細節理解題。第二段第二句提到鐵路工人在山中打洞，說的就

是挖隧道，故選D。

20．A細節理解題。第二段最后一句“他們完全靠自己做這些工作”，他

們指的就是鐵路工人，故選A。

21．C詞義猜測題。beclearof表示“擺脫”，在原文中是指鐵軌被工人

們從車上拿下來，beawayfrom離開…，符合句意，故選C。

Passage6

WiththeshowRodeo,AgnesdeMillehadbeenaninnovatorintheworldof

ballet.ButwiththeshowOklahoma,sherevolutionizedtheBroadwaystage–

broughttoanendthedancelineroutineofhighkicksandmechanized

movement,andgaveinitsplacedanceadplotsmoothlyintegrated,

choreographyreinforcingtheaction.Twenty-fiveyearslater,inMarch,1968,

aNewYorkTime’sarticlebytheatercriticWalterKerr,headed“Inthe

BeginningwasOklahoma!”,stated,“Oklahoma!hadaplot.Ithadtodowith

whetheraboywouldsucceedintakingagirltoapicniclunch.Attheendof

thefirsthalfthisgreatissuewasstillunresolved,sounresolvedthatits

emotionalimplicationshadtobedancedoutatgreatlengthinwhatremains

themostexhilaratingdancing…everdevisedforUnitedStatesmusical

comedystage.”

TheimpactofOklahoma!wasinstantaneous.Thesong“BeautifulMorning”

soundedoutviaradios,inrestaurants,fromcarspassingonthehighways,in

shoeshineparlors.Fullskirtsofginghampatterns,streetshoesmadetolook

likeballetslippers,theponytailhairdo,weretherage.Theplayranforfive

yearsandnineweeksinNewYorkCity.Atravelingroadcompanyplayedit

fornineandahalfyears.Italsotouredabroadforseveralyears.In1955it

becameamovie.Anewlyassembledall-starcompanywassentabroadbythe

StateDepartmentasrepresentativeofapartofUnitedStatesculture.

AsforAgnesdeMille,herdaysofgivingrecitalsandlosing$300to$1,000

eachtimewereover.Shebecamethemostsought-afterchoreographeron

Broadway.

22．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

A.Toexplainthebackgroundofthesong“BeautifulMorning”

B.tocompareRodeoandOklahoma!

C.TodescribeAgnesdeMille’ssuccesswithOklahoma!

D.TodiscussthefashionsmadepopularbyOklahoma!

23．TheauthorcitesWalterKerrbecausehewas_____.

A.thecomposerofthemusicforOklahoma!

B.adancerwhoperformedwithAgnesdeMille

C.acriticwhopraisedAgnesdeMille’schoreography

D.theownerofTheNewYorkTimes

24．Inthesecondparagraph,theexpression“weretherage”couldbestbe

replacedby_____.

A.createdchaos

B.madepeoplecrazed

C.madepeopleangry

D.wereverypopular

25．Accordingtothepassage,Oklahoma!wasselectedbytheState

Departmenttobeperformedabroadbecauseitwas_____.

A.consideredratherrevolutionary

B.representativeofanaspectofAmericanlife

C.poorlyreceivedinNewYorkCity

D.aninspiringlovestory

26．ThepassageimpliesthatpriororOklahoma!AgnesdeMillehadgiven

recitalsthatwere_____.

A.popularcomedyroutines

B.financiallyunsuccessful

C.performedatpicnics

D.broadcastovertheradio

【答案與解析】

22．C主旨大意題。全文講的是艾格尼斯·德米爾通過《俄克拉荷馬》

這個作品革新了百老匯舞臺并取得巨大成功的故事，故選C。

23．C細節理解題。第一段第三句說明WalterKerr是一個劇評家，他評

價《俄克拉荷馬》是美國音樂戲劇舞臺上最令人愉悅的舞蹈，故選C。

24．C詞義猜測題。betherage風靡一時，從文章贊揚《俄克拉荷馬》

這個角度來看，也不會選A、B、C，故選D。

25．B細節理解題。根據倒數第二段最后一句可知《俄克拉荷馬》是作

為美國文化的代表而在國外演出的，故選B。

26．B細節理解題。根據最后一段艾格尼斯·德米爾此前作品造成虧損

來看，這些作品經濟上并不成功，故選B。

Passage7

Lichensareauniquegroupofcomplex,flowerlessplantsgrowingonracks

andtrees.Therearethousandsofkindsoflichens,whichcomeinawide

varietyofcolors.Theyarecomposedofalgaeandfungiwhichuniteto

satisfytheneedsofthelichens.

Theautotrophicgreenalgaeproducealltheirownfoodthroughaprocess

calledphotosynthesisandprovidethelichenwithnutritionalelements.Onthe

otherhand,theheterotrophicfungus,whichdependsonotherelementsto

provideitsfood,notonlyabsorbsandstoreswaterfortheplant,butalso

helpsprotectit.Thisunionbywhichtwodissimilarorganismslivetogetheris

called“symbiosis.”

Thissharingenableslichenstoresistthemostadverseenvironmental

conditionsfoundonearth.Theycanbefoundinsomeveryunlikelyplaces

suchasthepolaricecapsaswellastropicalzones,indryareasaswellasin

wetones,onmountainpeaksandalongcoastalareas.

Thelichen’sstrongresistancetoitshostileenvironmentanditsabilitytolive

inharmonywithsuchenvironmentsisoneexamplethathumanityshould

considerintryingtosolveitsownproblems.

27．Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A.Lichensarenotsimpleplants.

B.Thelichenhabitatislimitedtothepolaricecaps.

C.Lichenscanresistahostileenvironment.

D.Heterotrophicplantsdependonotherelementstosupplytheirfood.

28．Whatcanbesaidaboutautotrophicplantsandheterotrophicplants?

A.Theyproducetheirfoodinthesamemanner.

B.Heterotrophicplantsproducealltheownfood.

C.Autotrophicplantsneedotherelementstosupplytheirfood.

D.Theirmethodsoffoodproductionarecompletelydifferent.

29．Whichofthefollowingconclusionscouldbemadeaboutlichens?

A.Theyarefoundworldwideandarecomplexplantsmadeupofalgaeand

fungi.

B.Theyarefoundworldwideandaresimpleplants,symbioticinnature.

C.Theyarefoundworldwideandarecompoundplantsmadeupentirelyof

algae.

D.Althoughfoundworldwide,lichensarefoundmostlyasasimpleplant

forminthetropics.

30．Whichofthefollowingdirectlyrelatestoalgae?

A.Itoffersprotectiontolichens.

B.Itsupplieswaterforlichens.

C.Itsuppliesitsownfood.

D.Itisdependentonotherplantsforitsfoodsupply.

【答案與解析】

27．B細節理解題。根據倒數第二段，青苔不論是在干還是濕的環境，

還是在北極或赤道都可以生長，故B錯誤。

28．D細節理解題。根據第二段最后一句用“dissimilar”這個詞形容藻類

和菌類這兩種有機體，dissimilar表示“不同的”，故D正確。

29．A細節理解題。第一段第一句話指出青苔是長在石頭和樹上獨特

的復雜無花群體植物。第二段最后一句話說明青苔是藻類和菌類的結合

體，故A正確。

30．C細節理解題。根據第二段第一句話，藻類自給自足，且為青苔提

供營養成分，故知C正確。A、B、D選項是菌類的特點，故排除。

Passage8

Whysaveendangeredspecies?Forthegeneralpublic,endangeredspecies

appeartobelittlemorethanbiologicaloddities.Averydifferentperception

isgainedfromconsideringtheissueofextinctioninawidercontext.The

importantpointisthatmanymajorsocialadvanceshavebeenmadeonthe

basisoflifeformswhoseworthwouldneverhavebeenperceivedinadvance.

Considertheimpactofrubber-producingoncontemporarylifeandindustry:

approximatelytwo-thirdsoftheworld’srubbersupplycomesfromrubber-

producingplantsandismadeintoobjectsasdiverseasrubberwashersand

rubberboots.

31．Theauthor’spointismadechieflyby_____.

A.acknowledgingthevalidityoftwoopposingpointsofview

B.appealingtotheemotionsoftheaudienceratherthantotheirintellects

C.suggestingausefulperspectiveforviewingthequestionraisedatthe

beginningofthepassage.

D.tryingtodiscredittheviewofanopponentwithoutpresentingan

alternativehypothesis

32．Allofthefollowingfactscouldbeusedforasillustrativeexamplesin

additiontotheexampleofrubber-producingplantsexcept_____.

A.Thediscoveryofthevaccineforsmallpoxresultedfromobservingthe

effectofthecowpoxvirusonthehandsofdairyworkers.

B.themajorsourceofourpharmaceuticalsuppliesisplants,someofthem

commonlythoughtofasweeds.

C.Certainantibioticswereoriginallyderivedfrommoldgrowingon

cantaloupe

D.Plasticisauniqueproductderivedfrompetroleumandpetroleumby

products.

【答案與解析】

31．C推理判斷題。第一句就提出為什么要拯救瀕危物種的話題。傳統

的話題一般是解釋瀕危物種的重要性，而作者給出另一種觀點，既不需

要拯救瀕危物種，并給出自己的理由：人類一些重大的進步都建立在相

比于此沒那么重要的生命形式的犧牲上，故此題C正確。D錯在作者給

出了自己的觀點，故排除。

32．A細節辨析題。生產橡膠的植物的例子是指將大自然的產物納為

己用，可能會產生破壞或污染。B、C、D都符合闡述作者觀點的例子，

故選A。

Passage9

Accordingtoarecenthistoricalstudy,capitalpunishmentdetersmurderonly

duringweekswhenwell-publicizedexecutionstakeplace.Duringsuch

weeks,homicidesfailtoalevelbelowaverage.Theyearlymurderrate,

however,isnotaffectedbythenumberofwell-publicizedexecutions.

33．Iftheabovepassageistrue,whichofthefollowingstatementsmustalso

betrue?

A.Intheperiodstudied,thenumberofwell-publicizedexecutionsremained

virtuallythesamefromyeartoyear.

B.Foratleastoneweekduringanyyearsinwhichtherewerewell-publicized

executions,murderrateswereaboveaverage.

C.Duringsomeweeksofeachyearofthestudy,anextraordinarynumberof

publicexecutiontookplace.

D.Inthepast,newspapersconsideredcapitalpunishmentimportantnewsand

devotedextensivecoveragetoallexecutions.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。該段落說明有些星期由于有公共處決發生，殺人

犯的數量低于平均值。而每年的謀殺率并沒有受到影響，那么說明一定

有些星期的命案要高于平均值，這也就決定了行刑數量在有些星期較

多，故選C。

Passage10

Jetfightershaverecentlybeenequippedwithelectronicsimprovements

enablingthepilottoshootdownanenemyplanewhilestilloutofsight.

Thereis,however,thefollowingproblem:thereisnosurewayof

determiningwhetheraplanethatisoutofsightisfriendorfoe.

34．Whichofthefollowingproductssuffersfromadrawbackthat,inits

logicalfeatures,ismostliketheproblemdescribedabove?

A.Afirealarmsystemwithsuchahighheatandsmokethresholdthatitis

likelytoreacttoolatetoadevelopingfire.

B.Animprovedelectronicignitionsystemwhosesuperiorityislimitedto

thoseratetimeswhenitisperfectlyadjusted.

C.Aproductmarketedasaweedkillerthatkillsallplantstowhichitis

appliedbeforetheyresumeactivegrowthinthespring.

D.Acoldmedicinethatrelievesmostsymptomsofthecommoncoldbutalso

causesspellsofdizziness.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。戰斗機飛行員可以在敵方視野之外打擊敵方，但

是問題在于無法確定對方是敵是友。也就是說如果戰斗機飛行員如果直

接攻擊對方，無論敵友都會被消滅。這與C選項的除草劑一個道理。該

除草劑一旦使用，由于不能預測來年春天生長態勢，可能把不該除掉的

植物也一并除掉了，故選C。

Passage11

“Onthewhole,”Ms.Dennisremarked,“engineeringstudentsarelaziernow

thantheyusedtobe.Iknowbecausefewerandfewerofmystudents

regularlydotheworktheyareassigned.”

35．Theconclusiondrawnabovedependsonwhichofthefollowing

assumptions?

A.Engineeringstudentsareworkinglessbecause,inaboomingmarket,they

arespendingmoreandmoretimeinvestigatingdifferentjobopportunities.

B.Whetherornotstudentsdotheworktheyareassignedisagoodindication

ofhowlazytheyare.

C.Engineeringstudentsshouldworkharderthanstudentsinlessdemanding

fields.

D.Lazinessissomethingmostpeopledonotoutgrow.

36．WhichofthefollowingidentifiesaflawinMs.Dennis’reasoning?

A.Plentyofpeoplebesidesengineeringstudentsdonoworkashardasthey

should.

B.Ms.Dennisdoesnotconsidertheexcusesherstudentsmayhaveforbeing

lazy.

C.Theargumentdoesnotproposeanyconstructivesolutionstotheproblem

itidentifies.

D.TheargumentassumesthatMs.Dennis’studentsarerepresentativeof

engineeringstudentsingeneral.

【答案與解析】

35．B推理判斷題。Ms.Dennis以自己學生是否按時做給他們指派的任

務作為他們是否懶惰的標準，B選項含義為學生是否做指派的工作是他

們多懶的一個標志。故選B。

36．D推理判斷題。Ms.Dennis以偏概全，故選D。

Passage12

Athleticdirector:“Membersofoursportsteamsincluded,forthefallseason,

80footballplayersand40cross-countryrunners:forthespringseason,20

wrestlersand40swimmers;forthespringseason,50track-teammembers

and20lacrosseplayers.Eachteamathleteparticipatesinhisorhersportfive

daysaweekforthewholethree-monthseason,andnoathleteisontwoteams

duringanyoneseason.Therefore,addingthesefigures,wefindthatourteam

sportsprogramserves250differentindividualathletes.”

37．Indrawingtheconclusionabove,theathleticdirectorfailstoconsider

therelevantpossibilitythat_____.

A.athletescanbeonmorethanoneteaminasingleseason

B.athletescanbeonteamsinmorethanoneseason

C.someoftheteamsportsrequirealargernumberofathletesontheteam

thandoothers

D.moreathletesparticipateinteamsportsduringoneseasonthanduring

another.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判斷題。原文中提到每個隊的隊員在每個季度每周需要參

加五次訓練，且任何一個季度運動員不能同時在兩個隊里，但是運動員

可以在不同的季度在不同的隊里，這是教練沒有考慮到的。

Passage13

PopularcultureintheUnitedStateshasbecomeEuropeanizedtoanextent

unimaginabletwenty-fiveyearsago.Notmanypeoplethandrankwinewith

meals,andnoonedrankimportedmineralwater.Noideawouldhavebeen

moreastonishingthanthatAmericanwouldpaytowatchsoccergames.Such

thoughtsarisebecauseofareportthattheAmericanAssociationofState

HighwayandTransportationOfficialshasjustadoptedaproposaltodevelop

thecountry’sfirstcomprehensiveinterstatesystemofroutesforbicycles.

38．Whichofthefollowinginferencesisbestsupportedbythepassage?

A.Long-distancebicycleroutesareusedinEurope.

B.Drinkingimportedmineralwaterisagreaterluxurythandrinking

importedwine.

C.UnitedStatesculturehasbenefitedfromexposuretoforeignideas.

D.MostEuropeansmakeregularusebicycles.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判斷題。文中一切令人吃驚的想法均源于美國州公路及運

輸協會采納的一項建議，這項建議主張在全國建造第一個州際自行車路

線系統，而第一句話對此評價為“美國流行文化已經歐洲化，其程度在

25年前無法想象”，說明建立州際自行車路線系統源于歐洲，故選A。

Passage14

Superficially,collegegraduatesin1982resemblecollegegraduatesof1964;

theyarefairlyconservatives,welldressed,andinterestedintradition;they

respecttheirparents.Butthereisadeep-seateddifference:amajorityofthe

membersoftheclassof1982whoweresurveyedintheirfreshmanyear

statedthatmakingagoodincomewasanimportantreasonfortheirdecision

togotocollege.

39．Thes