醫療病房呼叫系統外文翻譯文獻醫療病房呼叫系統外文翻譯文獻(文檔含中英文對照即英文原文和中文翻譯)原文：DesignOfMedicalWardCallSystemBasedOnPowerLineCarrierTechnologyI.INTRODUCTIONThemedicalwardcallsystemisakindofcalltoolswhenthepatientneedsaccesstocareordiagnosis,patient'srequestcanbequicklytransmittedtodoctorsornursesonduty.Itisoneofthenecessaryequipmenttoimprovethelevelofhospitalcare.Currently,therearemanymedicalwardcallsystemswithdifferenttypesanddifferentfunctiononthemarket,theyaredividedintotwocategories:thecable-typeandwireless-type[1].Traditionalcable-typemedicalwardcallsystemstendtouseacentralizedcallsystemstructure,powerlines,datacommunicationlines,voicecommunicationlinestransmitseparated,hasLinewiththelayingofmore,highcost,installationdifficulties,poorreal-time,highfailurerateandothershortcomings.Wireless-typemedicalwardcallsystemsdonotlaytheline,butitsreliabilityispoor,andradiowavescaninterferewithothermedicalinstrumentsandequipment,mosthospitaldonotusesuchwirelesscallsystem.Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationtechnology,peoplehavedonealotofresearchworkforpowerlinecarriecommunicationtechnology.Powerlinecarriercommunicationstechnologyreferstoameansofcommunicationwhichusespowerlinestotransferdataandmediasignal.Itloadshigh-frequencycontainsinformationoncurrent,thenusecurrenttransmission,thenusetheadapterwhichreceivesinformationtoseparatehigh-frequencyfromthecurrent,andtransferredtoacomputerortelephoneinordertoachieveinformationtransmission.Electricitysupplynetworkisthemostpopularnetworkintheworld,lowvoltagepowerlinesconnecttothousandsoffamilies,itcanbeusedfordatacommunicationandinformationtransmissionwithoutlayingdedicatedcommunicationlineandoccupyingthewirelesschannelresources[2].Therefore,ithasbecomepossiblethatusinglowvoltagepowerlinesasthetransmissionmedium,andusingspreadspectrum,digitalencoding,single-chipcontroltechnologytoachievewardcalls.Inthisstudy,thepowerlinecarriercommunicationtechnologyhasbeenappliedtowardcallsystem.Theentiresystemrequiresonlyatwo-coreshieldedcable,throughthepowercordthatthehostprovidestoeachextensionrealizetwo-waydatacommunication.Withlowcost,simpleinstallation,extensivetransmissionlines,etc,thehospitalwardhasagoodapplicationprospectinpractice.II.SYSTEMSTRUCTUREANDWORKINGPRINCIPLEThecallsystemmainlyconsistsofthehost,extensionsandpowerlinecarriercircuits,thehostisinstalledonthewardnursedutyroom,extensionswereinstalledintheward,ahostcancontrolmultipleextensions，一220Vcivilpowerlinesisasatransmissionchannel,inordertoachievetwo-waycommunicationbetweenthehostandtheextension.ThestructureofsystemisshowninFig.1.Thesystemusesacentralizedpowersupply,suppliesworkpowertowardextensionthroughthetwo-corecablebythecommunicatinghosts.Thesignalofthehosttoeachextensionthroughthepowerlinecarriercircuit,after一220Vcommercialpowerlinetransmission,achievesthehalf-duplexdatacommunicationbetweenthehostandtheextension.Acommunicationpacketconsistsof8bytesofdata,thefirstandsecondbytetoisthehostID,thethirdbytetoisthecommand，thefourthandfifthbyteistheextensionaddress,thesixthtoeighthbytetoisdata.Thehostsendscommanddatainabroadcast,theextensionanalysesdataafterreceivingcommunicationbag,identifywhethertheextensionaddressisitsaddress,onlyafterconfirmationtheextensionsendshisalarminformationtothehost.Thesystemusesthemaster-slavestructure,thehostsoundsandlightalarmswhenhospitalbedshavecallrequested,andshowtheoccurrencingcallextensionnumberofbedsonthedisplay.Whentheextensionrequiresarequestcall,presstherequestbutton,thecorrespondingrequestmessageissenttothehost,calltotheDutyOffice,whenthehostreturnsthecorrectinformation,lightsthecallindicator.III.DESIGNOFSYSTEMHARDWARESelectionofthemaincircuitchipThepowerlinecarriercommunicationreferstotheprocessofusingadedicatedmodemchipsfordatamodulationandbeingloadedintothepowerlinefrequencyof50Hztosendout,andthenreceiving,demodulating,restoringdata.Here,wechoosepowerlinemodulationchipPL2102designedByXiaoChengstarcompany.PL2102isahalf-duplexasynchronousmodemchipdesignedforpowerlinecarriercommunicationnetwork[3],suppliedbysingle5Vpower,connectedtoanexternalmicroprocessorthroughastandardI2Cinterface,coupledtothepowerlinewithanexternalinterfacecircuit.Inadditiontohavingbasiccommunicationcontrolfunction,PL2102alsobuildinfivekindsofcommonlyusedfunctionalcircuits:digitalfrequencycorrectionrealclockcircuit,32bytesSRAM,voltagemonitoring,watchdogtimerandresetcircuit.Amongthem,thereal-timeclockand32bytesSRAMcancontinuetoworkbythe3Vsparebatteryinthecaseofmainpowerloss.Thewatchdogtimerisusedtoprotectapplicationsagainsthardwareorsoftwareerrors,bygeneratingaresetsignaltoensureasuccessfulreset.AsPL2102usesdirectsequencespreadspectrum,digitalsignalprocessing,directdigitalfrequencysynthesisandotheradvancedtechnologies,andusesthelarge-scaledigital/analogmixed0.35}mCMOSfabrication.Soithasasuperiorperformanceintheanti一jammingandanti-fadingperformanceandthecostperformanceofsimilarproductsathomeandabroad,andsoon.AT89C52isalowvoltage,high-performanceCMOS8-bitMCUproducedbytheU.S.ATMELcorporation.Itcontains8KBFlashread-onlyprogrammemorycanberepeatedlyerasedand256Brandomaccessdatamemory(RAM).Thechipisproducedbyhigh-density,nonvolatilememorytechnologyofATMELcorporation,itiscompatiblewithstandardMCS-51instructionsetand8052Productpin.AT89C52has40pins,32externalbi-directionalinput/output(I/O)portsandincludestwoexternalinterruptports,three16-bitprogrammabletimercounter,twofull-duplexserialcommunicationports,twowriteportline.AT89C52canbeprogrammedaccordingtoconventionalmethods,canalsobeprogrammedonline.Itmakesthegeneral-purposemicroprocessorandFlashmemorytogether.Inparticular,theFlashmemorycanberepeatedlyerasedcaneffectivelyreducethedevelopmentcosts[4].Basedontheabovefactors,thehostandextensioncontrolchipselectAT89C52,canfullymeetvariousneedsofthesystem.B.DesignofthepowerlinecarriercircuitThepowerlinecarriercircuitmainlyincludesapowerlinecouplingcircuit,thesignalreceivingcircuitandsignaltransmittingcircuit,itsendsandreceivesthepowerlinecarriersignal.SchematicisshowninFig.2.Thecoupledcircuitthatistransformer-coupledcoilTZinFig.2,istheoutputandinputchannelforthecarriersignal，andplaytheroleofisolationfrequency220V/50Hz[5].Signalreceivingcircuit:ThecouplingcoilcouplesthecarriersignalreceivedformthepowerlinetobothendsatD1,ClampedbyD1,thestartinglevelofthesignalisatafixedvalue,andtopreventexcessiveinrushcurrent.C2,C3andL2constituteaparallelresonantcircuitwhoseresonantfrequencyis120kHz.The120kHzsignalintheinputweaksignalisselectedfrequencyandamplifiedinordertoimprovethesensitivityofthereceivedsignal.ItissenttotheSIGinportofchipPL2102,thecarriersignalreceivedbyPL2102demodulatesthedatabitinformationafterbeingtreatmentin-house,thedatabitinformationisoutputtothehostandextensioncontrolchipbyRXDTXDport,meanwhile,HEADsyncoutputslowlevel.Signaltransmittingcircuit:Itincludesthepoweramplifier,thefiltershapingcircuitandthecompositepipecomplementarysymmetrypoweramplifiercircuitcomprisedofV1,V2,V3,andV4.ItamplifiesthepowerofthecarriermodulationsignaloutputtedbyPL2102'sPSKOUTport.ItisaddedtothecouplingcoilafterfilteringintegerbyC1andL1,andisfedintothepowerlinethroughthecouplingcoil.ThecarriermodulationsignaloutputtedbyPL2102isamplifiedthroughthepoweramplifiercircuit,filteroutsignalnoiseandfalsesignal.CapacitorC1,inductorL1(18uH/200mA)oftheintegralfiltercircuitareusedtoadjusttheemissioncurrentandwaveform,reducingC1andincreasingL1willreducetheemissioncurrentandimprovethewaveform.Conversely,itwillincreasetheemissioncurrentandwaveformdistortion.Asthecoilloadcapacityisafixedvalue,adjustingC1andL1willaffectthetransmissionpowerandtheirpowerofthecoil.Meanwhile,theemissionvoltageVHHaffectssizeofthetransmittedpower,followingthelaunchvoltagedrop,transmitpowerhasdeclined,thehigherthevoltageis,thegreaterthetransistorsownpowerconsumptionis.ThisemissionvoltageistypicallychosenbetweenlOV一18V[6].C.DesignoftheextensioncircuitTheextensionincludesMCUAT89C52,powerlinemodulationchipPL2102andsomeperipheralcircuits.SchematicisshowninFig.3.EightrequestbuttonswitchesareconnectedtotheportPOoftheMCUAT89C52,whenabuttonispressed,theinputstateoftheportPOcorrespondingtothisbuttonis0.WhentheMCUconfirmsthatthehostcallsitsaddress,itwillscan8-bitI/OportstatusofportP0,onceakeyispressed,therequestinformationcorrespondingtothisbuttonwillimmediatelysendtothehost,andwaitforthehosttoconfirm.Whenthecorrectinformationisreturned,thehostdrivesthecorrespondingLEDindicatorsdisplayviaP2porttoindicatethatarequestsignalsentsuccessfully.Eightbuttonswitchesforrequestarenumbered,eachswitchrepresentsakindofinformationforrequest,whichcanbedefinedbyusers[7]. P1.0andRESETportoftheMCUAT89C52connectthebackuppowerandpower-downprotectioncircuitinordertoensurethatthesystemcanworkproperlywhenpowerfailureoccurs.Ifthesystemhasdetected"animminentlossofpower"signal,thesignalthroughanexternalinterruptINTOrequestsinterrupttothehost.ThehostresponsestoaninterruptandsendstherelevantdataintotheRAMtostore,thenwrite"0"intoP1.0,thelowlevelonP1.0pintriggers555timer,the555timeroutputpulsedependsonR,CandVCC.Ifthetimer555endtimer,VCCisstillnormal,thisshowsthatthe"imminentlossofpower"signalisthewrongalarmsignal,the555outputpulseisaddedtoRESETandthehostre-operationafterreset.Ifthe555timerendtiming,VCCisreallylower,the555timeroutputshighleveltriggeredbytheP1.0lowlevel,andaddstoRESETforstandbypoweruntilVCChasreturnedtonormal,thenkeepapositivepulsewidthtimedeterminedbytheR,C.TheappropriateR,CvalueShouldbeselectedinordertohaveenoughpoweronresettimeafterthemainpowersupplyVCCReturnstonormal,thenmakethehostresumenormaloperationafterreliablereset.TheAT89C52clockuseson-chipclockoscillatormode,thequartzcrystal(9.6MHz)andoscillationcapacitorareexternalconnectedbetweenXTAL1andXTAL2pin,P1.6portcommunicateswiththehostthroughthePL2102chipandpower-line.The5thpinofPL2102chipisserialbusclockinput,the6thpinisserialbusdatainput/output,the7thpinistransceivercontrolport,0isforsendingand1isforreceiving.The8thpin(RXDTXD)sendsandreceivesdata,the9thpinisdatasynchronizationport.Sendingandreceivingdataflowareasfollows:Wheninsendingstatus,theR/Tport(7pin)issetlowbyMCU,PL2102chipsendsthesynchronousheadsignal(9pin),theMCUsendsdatabyRXDesTXDport(8pin)sync.Wheninreceivingstatus,theR/Tport(7pin)issethighbyMCU,thesynchronizationsignalisgeneratedifthePL2102chipreceivesdata,dataissimultaneouslytransmittedtotheMCUbyRXDesTXDport(8pin)sync.TheAT89C52INTOcansynthesizecorrespondinginstructioninformationaccordingtopredefinedformatafteritgeneratesaninterruptandreceivesdata[8].譯文：基于電力線載波技術的醫療病房呼叫系統的設計I.引言內科病房呼叫系統是一種叫工具時，病人需要醫療或診斷，病人的請求可以被很快地傳送到醫生或護士值班。它是提高醫院的護理水平的必備設備之一。目前，有許多醫療病房呼叫系統與市場上的不同類型和不同的功能，它們分為兩類：電纜型和無線型[1]。傳統的電纜類型的病房呼叫系統傾向于使用集中式呼叫系統的體系結構，電源線，數據通信線路，通信線路傳輸語音分離，與鋪設更多的，成本高，安裝困難，實時性差，故障率高和其他故障。無線電醫療病房呼叫系統不打線，但其可靠性差，和無線電波會干擾其他醫療儀器設備，大多數的醫院不使用這樣的無線呼叫系統。隨著通信技術的發展，人們對電力線通信技術，卡麗做了大量的研究工作。電力線載波通信技術是指利用電力線數據通信和媒體信號傳輸的一種手段。它包含的信息負載高頻電流，然后用電流傳輸，然后用它接收的信息分開高頻從當前的適配器，并傳送到計算機或電話，以實現信息傳輸。電力供應網絡是世界上最流行的網絡，低壓電力線連接到千家萬戶，它可以用于數據通信和信息無需鋪設專用通信線路占用的無線信道資源傳輸[2]。因此，它已成為可能，利用低壓電力線作為傳輸介質，利用擴頻，數字編碼，單片機控制技術實現病房呼叫。在這項研究中，電力線載波通信技術已經應用到病房呼叫系統。整個系統只需要一二芯屏蔽電纜，通過電源線，主機提供每個擴展實現雙向數據通信。成本低，安裝簡單，廣泛的傳輸線，等，醫院的病房在實踐中具有良好的應用前景。II.系統結構及工作原理呼叫系統主要由主機，分機及電源線載波電路，主機安裝在病房的護士值班室，擴展被安裝在病房，宿主可以控制多個擴展名，一220V民用電源線作為傳輸信道，以實現兩個主機和分機之間溝通方式。系統結構如圖1所示。本系統采用集中供電，供應工作電源向延伸通過兩芯電纜的通信主機。主機通過電力線載波電路，每個擴展信號一220V商業電力線傳輸后，實現了半雙工數據通信的主機和分機之間。通信數據包由8字節的數據，第一和第二個字節是主機號，第三字節的命令，第四和第五字節的擴展地址，第六到第八字節數據。主機發送命令數據廣播，延伸分析數據接收通信包后，確定是否擴展地址地址，只有確認后發出報警信息延伸到主機。該系統采用主從式結構，主機的聲音和光報警時，醫院的床位已經呼叫請求，并顯示發生呼叫的分機號碼，床上顯示。當擴展需要調用請求，按請求按鈕，相應的請求消息發送給主機，叫到辦公室，當主機返回正確的信息，呼叫指示燈。III.系統硬件設計主電路芯片的選擇電力線載波通信是指利用專用調制解調器芯片數據調制和被加載到50Hz電源線頻率的發送過程，然后接收，解調，恢復數據。在這里，我們選擇的電力線調制芯片PL2102的小明星公司設計。智能家電是半雙工異步調制解調器芯片設計了電力線載波通信網絡[3]，采用單5V電源供電，通過一個標準的我2C接口連接到一個外部微處理器，連接到一個外部接口電路的電源線。除了具有基本的通信控制功能，智能家電還建立了五種常用的功能電路：數字頻率校正實時時鐘電路，32字節的SRAM，電壓監控，看門狗定時器復位電路。其中，實時時鐘和32字節的SRAM，可以繼續通過3V的備用電池在主電源損耗下工作?？撮T狗定時器來防止硬件或軟件錯誤的應用程序，通過產生一個復位信號，以確保成功復位。作為PL2102采用直接序列擴頻，數字信號處理，直接數字頻率合成技術等先進技術，并采用大規模數字/模擬混合0.35μmCMOS工藝。具有抗干擾一優越的性能和抗衰落性能與國內外同類產品的性價比，等等。AT89C52單片機是一個低電壓,高性能CMOS美國ATMEL公司生產的8位單片機。它包含8kbFlash可以反復擦除只讀程序內存和256b隨機存取內存(RAM)的數據。芯片是由高密度非易失性內存ATMEL公司的技術,它是兼容標準通過mcs—51匯編語言指令集和8052產品銷。AT89C5240針,32外部雙向輸入/輸出(I/O)端口,包括兩個外部中斷端口、三個16位可編程定時計數器,兩個全雙工串行通信端口,兩個寫端口線。它使通用微處理器和閃存。特別是,可以反復擦除閃存可以有效降低開發成本[4]。基于上述因素,主機和擴展AT89C52單片機控制芯片選擇,能夠充分滿足各種需求的系統。B.電力線載波電路的設計電力線載波電路主要包括電力線耦合電路，信號接收電路、信號發射電路，它的發送和接收的電力線載波信號。原理圖如圖2所示。耦合電路，變壓器耦合線圈TZ在圖2中，對載波信號的輸出和輸入通