PAGE第2頁共8頁課下主題訓練社會進步與人類文明課時練(一)一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會詞匯，在□內打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識記)①delay □ ②safety □③outcome □ ④queue □⑤automobile □ ⑥convey □⑦accessible □ ⑧punctual □⑨railway □ ⑩conductor □?sidewalk □ ?navigate □?crash □ ?land □?subway □ ?knock □?stick □ ?security □?vehicle □ ?acknowledge □(二)主題詞匯訓練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)eq\x(crash，delay，land，railway，queue，subway，convey，security)1．Itwasreportedthatalltheflightsweredelayedduetotheterribleweather.2．Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.3．Anewrailwayisunderconstructioninmyhometown.4．Tocutdownairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdrivingcars.5．Theflightwith145passengersaboardfromTokyolandedontheairportinBeijingyesterday.6．Afterthecrash,_bothdriversgotoutandinspectedtheircarsfordamage.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．I'mcallingtotellyouapieceofgoodnews.Therewillbealectureabouttrafficsafety(safe)at7p．m.nextMonday.2．Whenhewasinthetrain,theconductor(conduct)askedhimforhisticket.3．Heputthemedicineinthetopdrawertomakesureitwouldnotbeaccessible(access)tothekids.4．Ifwehadtakenanotherroad,wewouldn'thavebeenstuck(stick)inthetrafficjamforsolong.5．Atruckcarryingchemicalsknockedintoacarrunningatahighspeed,whichmadeusastonished.Ⅲ.寫出下列句中加藍詞的漢語意思1．Firstofall,you'dbetterarriveontimebecauseitispolitetobepunctualinChina.準時的，守時的2．Whenitcomestothecampussecurity,wehavetotakeitseriously.安全3．Automobileisoneofthemostimportantmeansoftransportintheworld,whichgreatlyinfluencespeople'slives.汽車4．Usingvehiclesmakespeople'severydaylifeeasyandfast.車輛5．Theriverbecametoonarrowandshallowtonavigate.航行6．Heinsistedthatalltheinjuredshouldbeconveyedfromthespottothehospitalatonce.運送Ⅳ.用本單元詞匯替換加藍詞1．Theblindmantappedhiscane(拐杖)onthesidewalkandwalkedtothesupermarket.pavement2．Hedidn'tacknowledgethathehaddoneanythingwrong.admit3．Totellyouthetruth,wearesatisfiedwiththeoutcomeoftheexperiment.consequence二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThenewhighspeedrailwaylinebetweenUrumqi,capitaloftheXinjiangUygurself-governingregion,andLanzhou,capitalofGansuThedramaticimprovementwillbenefitmanyfamiliesplanningreunionsforSpringFestival.“Forthefirsttime,Ifeelhomeisnotthatfarawayafterall，”saidLiangShaofuasheboardedahighspeedtraininUrumqiwithsixmembersofhisfamily.The35-year-oldleftLanzhoutosetupadryfruitbusinessinXinjiangeightyearsago,andhehasnowsettledinUrumqi.The1,776kmline,whichpassesthroughQinghai“WenormallydrivehomeforSpringFestivaltoavoidthedifficultiesofbuyingseventrainticketsforthewholefamilyduringthepeakseason，”Liangsaid.“Drivingcanbeverytiringanddangeroussometimes,sooneyearweevendecidednottogobacktoLanzhousimplytoavoidthetrip.”Morethan600,000passengerstraveledonthelineduringitsfirstmonth,andtheUrumqiRailwayBureausaidtheintroductionofhighspeedserviceswilleasetransportpressureduringtheSpringFestivalpeakseason.TheexistingusualrailwaylinecouldnolongersupportXinjiang'sdevelopment.Allpassengertrainswillgraduallyshifttothenewlink,leavingtheoldonetobeusedforgoods.Asaresult,Xinjiang'sannualgoodsabilitycouldreach200millionmetrictonsfromthecurrent70million.Thelinepassesthroughareasthatexperiencehighwinds,anditalsocrossespartsofthedesertedQinghaiTibetPlateauandthebonedrysandsoftheGobiTheprojectcouldhelpChinatopromoteitshighspeedrailwaytechnologyabroad,saidMaXizhang,directoroftheLanzhou-Xinjiangrailwayproject'smanagementdepartmentinXinjiang.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是新疆維吾爾自治區首府烏魯木齊與甘肅省省會蘭州之間新建的高速鐵路給社會帶來的益處。該項目可以幫助中國在海外推廣其高速鐵路技術。1．HowlongdidittaketogofromUrumqitoLanzhoubytheusualtrainbefore?A．About12hours. B．About6hours.C．About24hours. D．About18hours.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“...hascuttraintraveltimebyhalftolessthan12hours.”可知，時間縮短一半后，還需要不到12小時的時間，所以原來需要大概24小時。故選C。2．What'sthemainadvantageofthenewhighspeedrailway?A．IttakesmoretimetogotoUrumqitoLanzhou.B．ItwillbemoreconvenientforpeoplealloverthecountrytoXinjiang.C．AllthepeopleinLanzhoucanreturnhomeonfestivals.D．IthelpstoimproveXinjiang'sdevelopment.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段前兩句可知，原來的老鐵路不能再支持新疆的發展，高速鐵路的修建使得舊鐵路過渡到貨運，貨運量得以增加，從而促進了新疆的發展。故選D。3．Fromthepassagewecanlearn________.A．Xinjiang'sannualgoodsabilitycanincreasenearlyfourtimesB．thehighspeedrailwaylinescan'tbebuiltacrossthebonedrysandsC．thenewrailwaytechnologymayhelpmorerailwaylinestobebuiltabroadD．theoldrailwaylinescanonlycarrygoodsnow解析：選C細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“TheprojectcouldhelpChinatopromoteitshighspeedrailwaytechnologyabroad”可知，中國的高鐵新技術可以幫助其他國家修建更多的鐵路。故選C。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Thenewhighspeedrailwaylineisgoodforallpeopletogohome.B．TakingthenewtrainissaferthandrivinghomefromUrumqitoLanzhou.C．Thenewhighspeedrailwaylinebenefitsbusinessmentocarrygoods.D．BusinessmenseldomwenthomeforSpringFestivalbefore.解析：選B細節理解題。根據第六段第二句可知，乘坐新的高鐵比自己駕車安全，故選B。BWhatifthecarwaitingpatientlybehindaparkedbusisadriverlessorautonomousvehicle(AV)？Willthisrobotcarbeabletounderstandwhatyoumeanwhenyouflashyourlightsormadlywaveyourhands？Itssensorscoulddecidethatit'sonlysafetoovertakewhenthere'snooncomingtrafficatall.Onabusyroadatschool-hometime,thismaybeneverleadingtoincreasinglyangrypassengersandincreasinglyangrydriversqueuingbehind.AndhowwillarobotcardrivingoutfromaT-junctionintooncomingtrafficbeabletomakethenecessaryeyecontactwithahumandriver？Thesesafety-firstrobotcarscouldbecomevictimsoftheirownpolitenessandendupbeingbulliedandignoredbyaggressive,impatienthumans.This,atanyrate,isoneoftheconclusionstobedrawnfromresearchcarriedoutbyDr.ChrisTennantofthepsychologicalandbehavioralsciencedepartmentattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.HisEurope-widesurveyfindsthatnearlytwo-thirdsofdriversthinkmachineswon'thaveenoughcommonsensetointeractwithhumandrivers.Andmorethantwo-fifthsthinkarobotcarwouldremainstuckbehindourparkedlorryforalongtime.“Ifyouviewtheroadasasocialspace,youwillconsciouslynegotiateyourjourneywithotherdrivers.PeoplewholikethatnegotiationprocessappeartofeellesscomfortableengagingwithAVsthanwithhumandrivers，”saysMrTennantinhisreport.Ofcourse,humansarealwaysskepticalaboutnewtechnologiesofwhichtheyhavelittleexperience.Thatskepticismusuallydecreaseswithusage,however.AndevenmanyskepticsacceptthatemotionlessAVscouldcausefeweraccidentsthanwehumans,withourtendencytoroadanger,tirednessandlackofconcentration.Astatisticoftenrepeatedisthathumanerrorisresponsibleformorethan90%ofaccidents.But70%ofthe12,000peopleMrTennantandhisteaminterviewedagreedthat:“Asapointofprinciple,humansshouldbeincontroloftheirvehicles.”Anevengreaterproportion—80%—thoughtanautonomousvehicleshouldalwayshaveasteeringwheel.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了無人駕駛車輛針對不同路況的應對措施、遭受的歧視以及與人為駕駛車輛相比的優勢等，從而告訴人們要接受并尊重無人駕駛車輛。5．Whatdoweknowaboutanautonomousvehicleaccordingtothetext?A．Itiscontrolledbyarobot.B．Itwaitsshorterthanothercars.C．Itjudgestrafficbydriversonline.D．Itrecognizesangryhumandrivers.解析：選A細節理解題。由第一段第二句可知，無人駕駛的車輛是由機器人操縱的。6．WhatdidDr.ChrisTennantfindinhisstudy?A．Autonomousvehicleswon'tinteractwithhumandrivers.B．AutonomousvehiclesavoidpassingT-junctionsaheadoftime.C．Autonomousvehiclesdriveinthesamewaysashumandrivers.D．Autonomousvehiclesmaysufferfromimpatienthumandrivers.解析：選D細節理解題。由第二段第二句可知，克里斯·坦南特博士研究團隊得出的結論是：無人駕駛車輛可能會遭到沒有耐心的司機的傷害。7．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Autonomousvehicleswillbelesssocial.B．Autonomousvehiclesaresaferthangenerallyexpected.C．Humandrivershavebeenreplacedbyautonomousvehicles.D．Humandriversarewillingtointeractwithautonomousvehicles.解析：選B推理判斷題。由第三段第三句和第五句可知，無人駕駛車輛比人們普遍認為得更安全。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AnAutonomousCarTakesaTestRunB．WhatIsDriverlessTechnologyLike?C．SayNototheComingDriverlessTrendD．WouldYouBullyaDriverlessCarorShowItRespect?解析：選D標題歸納題。概括全文內容可知，作者支持無人駕駛車輛，而且本文重點是對比無人駕駛車輛和人類司機駕駛車輛，因此本文中心思想是不要欺負和不尊重無人駕駛車輛。故選D。Ⅱ.語法填空Withapopulationof602,000,Luxembourgisoneoftherichestandsmallest__1__(country)inEurope,yetitsuffersfrommajortrafficjams.Takingup2,586squarekilometers,LuxembourgisroughlythesizeofRhodeIsland.FromthecapitalofLuxembourgCity,Belgium,FranceandGermanycanall__2__(reach)bycarinhalfanhour.Highhousingcosts,especiallyinLuxembourgCity,meanmorethan180,000ofitsworkforcecommute(通勤)fromthoseneighboringnationseveryday.Luxembourgisavery___3__(attract)placeforjobs,__4__its“boomingeconomy”andhighconcentrationofjobshaveledtocongestion(擁塞)issues.In2016,Luxembourghad662carsper1,000people,anddrivingisa“primarymeansoftransportation”forcommuters.Thatyear,driversinLuxembourgCity__5__(spend)anaverageof33hoursintraffic.Itfared__6__(bad)thanEuropeancitiesCopenhagenandHelsinki,whichhavecomparablepopulationsizestoallofLuxembourg,yetitonlytookdriversinbothanaverageof24hoursintraffic.Butthatcouldbeabouttochange.__7__countryatthisverymomentisinreallygoodshape,thusthegovernmentwantsthepeople__8__(benefit)fromthegoodeconomy.AsofMarch1,2020allpublictransport—trains,tramsandbuses—inthecountryisnowfree,__9__(make)itthefirstfreepublictransportcountryintheworld.However,thenewschemecansignalimportantchangesahead__10__itcomestoLuxembourg'srelianceondriving.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。盧森堡面臨嚴重的交通堵塞，從2020年3月1日起，盧森堡所有公共交通會免費運營。政府希望此舉能緩解嚴重的交通擁堵，并有益于環保。1．countries考查名詞復數。此處為“oneof＋名詞復數”結構，意為“……之一”。故填countries。2．bereached考查被動語態。盧森堡市應該是被抵達，因此應用被動語態，且空前有情態動詞can，所以用bereached。3．attractive考查形容詞。分析句子可知，此處為形容詞作定語，修飾place。故填attractive。4．but考查連詞。結合句意可知，此處應為轉折，故填but。5．spent考查一般過去時。根據句中的時間狀語“Thatyear”可知，此處應用一般過去時，故填spent。6．worse考查副詞比較級。根據句中的“than”可知，此處應用比較級，bad的比較級為worse，故填worse。7．The考查定冠詞。此處應該是特指盧森堡這個國家，故填The。8．tobenefit考查不定式。根據句意可知，此處為wanttodosth.，故填tobenefit。9．making考查現在分詞作狀語。分析句子結構可知，此處作結果狀語，火車、電車和公共汽車都免費與其產生的結果“成為世界上第一個公共交通都免費的國家”是自然而然的，故填making。10．when考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth.為固定搭配，意為“當提到……”。故填when。課時練(二)一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會詞匯，在□內打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識記)①block □ ②direction □③accident □ ④collision □⑤available □ ⑥drunken □⑦guidance □ ⑧trap □⑨acceleration □ ⑩aircraft □?comfortable □ ?flight □?airport □ ?unforgettable □?license □ ?observe □?regulation □ ?harbour □?departure □ ?speed □(二)主題詞匯訓練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)available，accident，block，trap，license，unforgettable，regulation，harbour，airport，flight1．Whenwesawthehighwayentirelyblockedwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.2．Becauseoftheseriousaccident,_ittookhimmorethantwoyearstorecoverfromhisinjury.3．Vehiclesgofasterthanever,buttheyremaintrappedintrafficjams.4．Theyoungmanhadtoadmitdrivingwithoutadrivinglicense.5．Everyonewhoisinformedofattendingthecelebrationofthisyear'smusicfestivalcanexperiencethisunforgettableoccasion.6．Tocatchtheearlyflight,_weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.7．Passengersmustcheckinattheairportanhourbeforetheplaneleaves.8．Filmticketsareavailableonline,soyoucangetthemconveniently.Itwillmeanlessqueuing.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Atruckcameinanoppositedirection(direct)ofthecar,sothecardrivermadeasharpturn.2．Theacceleration(accelerate)ofthepaceoflifealsoimpliestheexpansionofpeople'ssocialcircle.3．Duetothestricttrafficregulationsondrunken(drink)driving,thenumberofaccidentsfromithasgreatlydecreased.4．Theyoungmanspedupthecarhopingtoarriveatthestationontime,butitwastoolate.5．Thearmchairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortable(comfort)tositin.6．Underourteacher'scarefulguidance(guide),wefinishedourhomeworkinadvance.Ⅲ.寫出下列句中加藍詞的漢語意思1．Iwoulddefinitelychooseaircraftasmyfavoritemeansoftransportation.飛機2．Ifwehadknownofyourdeparture,wewouldhaveseenyouoffattheairport.離開，啟程3．Itishopedthatnoonewasseriouslyinjuredinthecarcollision.碰撞4．Sheledustoaroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheharbour.港口，港灣5．Inaddition,theywillteachmanytrafficregulationstoremindustopayattentiontotrafficsafety.規則，條例6．Itiseverybody'sdutytoobservetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.遵守二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2021·武邑中學質檢)TheUnitedStateshasabout475,000schoolbuses—allpaintedyellow.Eachdaytheycarrymorethan25,000,000children,halfofallschoolchildreninthecountry.Butthesebuses,onaverage,usefourlitersofdiesel(柴油)fueltotravellessthansixteenkilometers.Whentheschoolyearbeganlastfall,dieselaveraged55centsaliternationally.Thepricenearlydoubled,toadollarand8cents,bytheendofschoolinJune.BobRileyspeaksfortheAmericanStudiesshowthatschoolbusesarethesafestformoftransportationtoandfromschool.TheAmericanButitcouldalsogetmorechildrentowalkorbicycletoschool.AndthatwouldsurelymakepeoplehappyattheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchool.Morekidswalkingorbikingsafelytoschoolistheaimofathree-year-oldfederalprogram,partofaninternationalmovement.Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.Theeq\x(語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了高油價對校車的影響。)1．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A．Highfuelprices'influencesonschoolbuses.B．Newmeasurestotransportschoolstudents.C．Thesafestformofstudenttransportation.D．TheoriginofWalktoSchoolDay.解析：選A主旨大意題。根據首段第三至五句及最后一段尾句可知，本文主要介紹了高燃油價格對校車的影響。故選A。2．Inordertocutdowntransportationcost,manyschoolstakethefollowingmeasuresEXCEPT________.A．changingsomebusroutesB．stoppingsomebusroutesC．askingparentstodrivechildrentoandfromschoolD．usingothertypesoffuels解析：選C細節理解題。根據第二段的內容可知，C選項未被提及，故選C。3．TheNationalA．savemorefuelsanddieselforthecountryB．keepthechildrensafeontheirwaytoschoolC．makethechildrenliveasimplelifeD．keepthechildrenhealthyandtheenvironmentclean解析：選D細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.”可知，他們的目標是增加體育活動和減少空氣污染。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2021·廣州模擬)Whathappenswhenyouwanttogofromoneplacetoanother,butthere'swaterintheway?That'stheproblempeoplefacedforhundredsofyearsintheareathatisnowNewYorkCity.Inthecity,thereisanaturalcanal(運河)calledtheNarrows,separatingBrooklynononesidefromStatenIslandontheother.ButtheNarrowsisn'treallysonarrow.Thewaterisalmostamilewide,andit'smorethan100feetdeep.__1__Whentheywantedtotalktoeachother,theyclimbedintotheirboatsandsailedacross.Bythelate1800s,circumstanceshadchangeddramatically.PopulationgrowthmeanttherewerenowmanypeopleneedingtotravelbetweenStatenIslandandBrooklynforwork.__2__Between1888and1920thereweretwomajoreffortstobuildatraintunneltoconnecttheareas.__3__Proposalstobuildaconnectingbridgemadeduringthe1910salsoendedinfailureduetooppositionfromtheUSNavy.Finally,afterWorldWarⅡ，thereweresomanypeoplelivinginNewYorkCitythatleadersdecidedBrooklynandStatenIslandneededadirectconnection.Sincetunnelsweretooexpensive,theydecidedtobuildabridge.Thedesignselectedhadtwoseparateroadwaysstacked(疊放)ontopofeachother.__4__Construction,whichtookfiveyears,wascompletedin