2021高考英語真題的角度分析閱讀理解

閱讀理解的題型：

1.直接信息題

例子：2020-甲卷

Takeaview,theLandscape（風景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlie

Waite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandard

oftentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybest

photographyoftheBritishlandscape.Takeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionfor

photographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.

1.WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?

A.Writers.B.Photographers.

C.Painters.D.Tourists.

2.歸納概括題（對文中的多個信息點進行總結）

例子：2021-甲卷

PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding（繁育）programme,haswelcomedthearrivalof

arareblackrhinocalf（犀牛幼崽）.WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31.Shebecame

the40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththe

newarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity（圈養）.

PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:"Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelighted

towelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She*shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplay

andexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It*sstillalittle

toocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthat

thelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.'1

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobomthisyearatthereserve,butitistoo

earlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.

ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisima

andweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbomatthe

reserveandstilllivethere.

6.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?

A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary,

B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces..

C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers,

D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.

3.語義轉換題

例子：2021-乙卷

HostelAlessandroPalace

Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceis

fun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.

There'salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.

2.Whichhotelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?

A.YellowHostel.B.HostelAlessandroPalace.C.YouthStationHostel.D.HotelandHostel

DesArtistes.

4.數字計算題

例子：

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugely

uneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymany

people,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200

languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,of

whichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中位數）of

speakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeople

thanthat.

30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800.B.About3,400.

C.About2,400.D.About1,200.

閱讀理解干擾項的設置方法

1.偷換概念

把原文中的限定詞去掉或者換成別的詞，使得干擾項看似很接近，實則大相徑庭。

例子：2021-甲卷

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistoo

earlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.

ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaand

weighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserve

andstilllivethere.

AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslow

as5500,givingtherhinosa"criticallyendangered"status.

7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?

A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.

B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.

D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.

此題中的C選項就是典型的偷換概念，原文中只是說WorldWildlifeFund說了一個觀

點，并沒有說WorldWildlifeFund.和PortLympneReserve在合作.

2.張冠李戴

例子：2020.北京

(1)Checkoutabook.

Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books,you'llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhatever

you5relookingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.Viasuchnetworks,libraries

sharetheirbookswitheachotherthroughtheuseofdeliveryavehicles.Oncethebookyou've

requestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywillinformyoubye-mail,soyoucanpickit

up.

36.Publiclibrariesconnectedbyacooperativenetworkbenefitreadersby__.

A.sharingtheirbooksontheInternet

B.givingaccesstoonlinereadingatalibrarybranch

C.sendinganeededbooktoalibrarybranchnearby

D.makingthecheckoutproceduresdiverse

如果此題選擇A選項，則忽略了題目問的對象，即readers；因為A選項的動作是library

發出的，B選項才是針對readers的

2021-甲卷

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythan

boystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性另ij）are“really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudy

foundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildren

whoare"really,reallysmart.,,Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouraged

andgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.

此題中的A選項就是張冠李戴,原文中說的是membersoftheirgender同性別的其他人，

選項中說的是他們自己，對象就不一致。

3.未發生的事情當做已經發生

4.文不對題（答非所問）

比如題目問的是需要推理的某一信息，而選項的確給出了文章的一個細節事實，但不符

合題目要求。

例子：2021-乙卷

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotionalintelligence.Many

peoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson's

makeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mental

stability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontribute

tosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.

12.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson\mind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson'spositivequalities.

此題中的c選項就是答非所問，題目問的是對情商的誤解，而c在原文中的確有，但它

回答的是情商的內容。

5.無中生有

例子：2021-甲卷

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reall

positionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewill

seethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.

Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅

力），andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."

14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors*concepts.

D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.

此題中的BCD在定位段均是無中生有。

6.正反混淆

例子：2021-乙卷

HotelandHoslelDesArtistes

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystation

andifsclosetoallofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providing

youwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,

youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.

3.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.C.ItchargesforWi-Fi.D.Ifs

inconvenientlylocated.

此題中的D選項就和原文相反，原文地理位置優越，而D說地理位置差。

2021-乙卷

“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,Mshelaughed."He'sinterestedinthemusic,feeling

everynote,andIhavetosay:'Turn,turn!'"RobertisthebestpageturnerI'vehadinmyentire

7.WhyisMsRaspopova'shusband“theworsepageturner”？

A.Hehasverypooreyesight.B.Heignorestheaudience.

C.Hehasnointerestinmusic.D.Heforgetstodohisjob.

此題中的C選項就和原文相反。

7.過分絕對

例子：2019-3

"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook/saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyand

fashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenare

notjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.MOfcourse,onlyaretoday'stop

WesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashion

arethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,

MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.

25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?

A.Theyaresettingthefashion.B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.

C.Theyadmiresupermodels.D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.

例子：2020?天津

Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesame

wayspotlights（聚光燈）areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesection

ofastage;similarly,a"spotsound”createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbe

usefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattract

customers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthe

menu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directed

soundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.

36.Directedsoundcanbeusedfor

A.creativedesignsofrestaurantmenusB.idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstage

C.differentchoicesofmusicforbusinessesD.strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer

8.擴大范圍

9.因果倒置

10.常識判斷（并不是符合常識即為正確答案，一定看原文中）

11.偏離中心

例子2020-天津

Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifference

betweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihave

neverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwho

hadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.

Together,thesedeephumanurges（驅策力）countformuchmorethanambition.Galileo

wasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningTowerat

Pisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousand

askedindiscontent,"Why?Why?Why?"

36.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?

A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.

B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.

C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.

D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.

此題中的B選項就是偏離主題，從第一段能看出文章重點想探討好奇和不滿足于現狀對

成功的影響，而非探討科學家們有什么特征。

12.變換詞性

閱讀理解正確選項的設置特點

1.換詞法（同義替換）

例子：2021.乙卷

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethat

suchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itis

ourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（視角）from

whichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothhead

andheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

最后一段在說hope希望，即展望未來

2.簡化語言法

例子：2021-乙卷

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotionalintelligence.

Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesir