目錄

2013年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解

2012年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解

2011年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解【聽力音頻】

2010年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解

2009年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解

2008年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解

2007年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解【聽力音頻】

2006年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解【聽力音頻】

2005年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解

2004年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解【聽力音頻】

2003年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解【聽力音頻】

2013年北京大學考博英語真題及詳解

PartOne:ListeningComprehension

(略)

PartTwo:StructureandWrittenExpression(15%)

Directions:Foreachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgiven

willmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.

MarkyourchoicesontheANSWERSHEET.

11.PrinceCharles,thelongest-waiting______tothethroneinBritish

history,hasspokenofhis‘impatience’togetthingsdone.

A.heir

B.heirship

C.heritage

D.heiress

【答案】A

【解析】句意：英國史上等待繼位時間最長的王位繼承人查爾斯王

子近日談到他已經“等不起”了。heir繼承人；后嗣。heirship繼承權，繼

承人的地位。heritage遺產；傳統；繼承物。heiress女繼承人。

12.LovewasintheairinaTokyoparkasnormallystaidJapanese

husbandsgatheredtoscreamouttheirfeelingsfortheirwives,promising

______andextratighthugs.

A.attitude

B.multitude

C.gratitude

D.latitude

【答案】C

【解析】句意：東京一座公園的上空涌動著綿綿愛意，因為平時成

熟穩重的日本丈夫聚集到一起，對妻子大聲喊出了心里的愛意，表達感

激，還紛紛獻上擁抱。gratitude感謝（的心情）；感激。multitude群

眾；多數。latitude緯度；界限；活動范圍。

13.Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,

newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa_____infemalebreadwinners.

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.increase

【答案】B

【解析】句意：新數據顯示，隨著養家女性的增多，去年居家父親

的數量又創新高。因此該空應填入有“增加”之意的increase。

14.Themarketfordustmasksandairpurifiersis_____inBeijing

becausethecapitalhasbeenshroudedforseveraldaysinthickfogandhaze.

A.booming

B.looming

C.dooming

D.zooming

【答案】A

【解析】句意：近幾日北京持續被濃重霧霾籠罩，市場上防塵口罩

和空氣凈化器的銷量劇增。boom快速發展，繁榮。loom可怕地出現；

朦朧地出現。doom注定；判定；宣判。zoom急速上升；攝象機移動。

15.Traditionalfairytalesarebeingditchedbyparentsbecausetheyare

too_____fortheiryoungchildren,astudyfound.

A.scare

B.scary

C.seared

D.scarred

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一項研究發現，父母們開始摒棄傳統的童話故事，

因為它們對年幼的孩子來說太嚇人。scary可怕的；恐怖的；嚇人的。

scare主要作名詞和動詞，作形容詞時意為“駭人的”。seared為sear的過去

式和過去分詞形式，意為“燒焦”。scarred傷痕累累，有疤痕的。

16.Ithasbeenrevealedthatnearlyoneinfivedegreecourseshasbeen

_____sincethetriplingoftuitionfeesto9,000ayear.

A.scratched

B.scraped

C.scrabbled

D.scrapped

【答案】D

【解析】句意：據透露，自從學費上漲到原來的三倍，達到一年

9000英鎊，已有近五分之一的學位課程被削減掉。scrap意為“廢棄；取

消；拋棄”，其過去分詞形式為scrapped，因此正確答案為D項。scratch

抓；刮；亂涂。scrabble在…上亂涂；在…上亂扒。

17.MicrosoftfounderBillGateshas_____aboutbeingaparent,stating

that13isanappropriateageforachild’sfirstcellphone.

A.openedup

B.takenup

C.putup

D.heldup

【答案】A

【解析】句意：微軟公司創始人比爾?蓋茨近日坦露了他的為父之

道，他認為13歲是孩子擁有第一部手機的合適年齡。openup有“暢談；

無拘無束地談；自由自在地談”之意，符合句意。takeup拿起；開始從

事；占據(時間，地方)。putup提供；建造；舉起。holdup舉起；阻

擋；攔截。

18.Salesofmushroomshavehitanall-timehighasBritonsincreasingly

turntothecheap,and_____foodstufffortheircooking.

A.versatile

B.multiple

C.manifold

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】句意：因為越來越多的英國人轉而選擇這種廉價、多用途

的食材來做菜，蘑菇銷量創下了歷史新高。versatile有多種用途的；多

功能的。multiple多重的；多樣的；許多的。manifold多方面的；各式各

樣的。

19.‘GangnamStyle’,the_____popularsongfromSouthKorean

recordingartistPSYhasjustbecomethemostwatchedvideoonYouTube

ever.

A.sanely

B.insanely

C.rationally

D.insatiably

【答案】B

【解析】句意：“江南Style”，韓國唱片藝人樸載相的這首瘋狂流行

的歌曲MV已成為YouTube史上觀看最多的視頻。insanely瘋狂地；狂暴

地；精神錯亂地。sanely穩健地；心智健全地；理智地。rationally理性

地；講道理地。insatiably貪得無厭地；無法滿足地。

20.The_____BritishtheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkingoncesaid

inaninterviewthatheavenisafairystoryforpeopleafraidofthedark.

A.imposing

B.lofty

C.prominent

D.eminent

【答案】D

【解析】句意：英國著名理論物理學家史蒂芬?霍金曾在一次采訪中

稱天堂是為害怕黑暗的人編造的童話。eminent和prominent都有“杰出

的”之意，但其區別在于eminent是建立在技巧、學識和公眾認可度的基

礎上，而prominent則是強調“出名”和“地位很重要”，因此本句中eminent

更合適。imposing壯觀的；威風的；給人深刻印象的。lofty高的；崇高

的；高傲的。因此答案選D。

21.Somemightconsideritanuglytruththatattractivepeopleareoften

moresuccessfulthanthose_____blessedwithlooks.

A.less

B.more

C.most

D.least

【答案】A

【解析】句意：長相漂亮的人通常比相貌平平的人更成功，這也許

在某些人看來是丑陋的事實。beblessedwith指“在…方面有福氣，幸運

地享有”，根據句意可知，空格處指的是相對于長得漂亮的人而言相貌

平凡的人，因此應填入less。

22._____theythinkitwillcometoanendthroughthehandsofGod,or

anaturaldisasterorapoliticalevent,whateverthereason,nearly15percent

ofpeopleworldwidethinktheendoftheworldiscoming,accordingtoanew

poll.

A.Either

B.Whether

C.Neither

D.If

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一項民意檢測顯示：不管是認為世界會在上帝手里

終結，還是認為世界將因自然災害或政治事件毀滅，無論何種原因，全

球有七分之一的人認為世界末日即將來臨。whether和either均可與or搭

配，whether…or…指“不管是…還是…”。either…or…表示兩者之間的選

擇，指“不是…便是…；要么…要么…”。根據語境可知，此處應該選

whether。

23.TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms‘Miss’and‘Mrs’

_____theyoffendfemalemember.

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】句意：歐洲議會禁止使用“Miss（小姐）”和“Mrs（夫

人）”稱呼女性，以免冒犯女性議員。incase免得；以防。

24.Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,

passengerscanbarelybreathe,_____moveaboutfreely.

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】句意：車廂內擠得像沙丁魚罐頭一樣，汗臭和幽閉的車廂

讓人幾乎無法呼吸，更不用說自如走動了。letalone更不必說；聽任；

不打擾。

25.Japanisoneofonlythreecountriesthatnowhuntwhalesand_____

thegovernmentsaysitisanimportantculturaltradition.

A.that

B.which

C.whose

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】句意：日本是目前全球僅有的還在捕鯨的三個國家之一，

而且日本政府表示捕鯨是該國重要的文化傳統。該空及之后內容作定語

成分修飾oneofonlythreecountries，由于thegovernmentsaysitisan

importantculturaltradition句子成分完整，因此該空應填入關系副詞

where表示地點。

PartThree:ClozeTest(15%)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyanddecidethebest

choiceforeachnumberedblank.MarkyourchoicesontheANSWER

SHEET.

Ironically,theintellectualtoolscurrentlybeingusedbythepolitical

righttosuchharmfuleffectoriginatedontheleft.Inthe1960sand1970sa

philosophicalmovementcalledpostmodernismdeveloped,amonghumanities

professors(26)_____beingdeposedbyscience,whichtheyregardedas

right-leaning.Postmodernism(27)_____ideasfromculturalanthropology

andrelativitytheorytoarguethattruthis(28)_____andsubjecttothe

assumptionandprejudicesofobserver.Scienceisjustoneofmanywaysof

knowing,theyargued,neithermorenorless_____(29)thanothers,like

thoseofAborigines,NativeAmericansorwomen.(30)_____theydefined

scienceasthewayofknowingamongWesternwhitemenandatoolof

cultural(31)_____.Thisargument(32)_____withmanyfeministsandcivil-

rightsactivistsandbecamewidelyadopted,leadingtothe“political

correctness”justifiably(33)_____byRushLimbaughandthe“mental

masturbation”lampoonedbyWoodyAllen.

Acceptanceofthisrelativisticworldview(34)_____democracyand

leadsnottotolerancebuttoauthoritarianism.JohnLocke,oneofJefferson’s

"trinityofthreegreatestmen,"showed(35)_____almostthreecenturiesago.

LockewatchedthearguingfactionsofProtestantism,eachclaimingtobethe

onetruereligion,andasked:Howdoweknowsomethingtobetrue?Whatis

thebasisofknowledge?In1689he(36)_____whatknowledgeisandhowit

isgroundedinobservationsofthephysicalworldinAnEssayConcerning

HumanUnderstanding.Anyclaimthatfailsthistestis"butfaith,oropinion,

butnotknowledge."Itwasthisideathattheworldisknowableandthat

objective,empiricalknowledgeisthemost(37)_____basisforpublicpolicy

—thatstoodasJefferson’sfoundationalargumentfordemocracy.

Byfalsely(38)_____knowledgewithopinion,postmodernistsand

antiscienceconservativealikecollapseourthinkingbacktoapre-

Enlightenmentera,leavingnocommonbasisforpublicpolicy.Public

discourseis(39)_____toendlesswarringopinions,noneseenasmorevalid

thananother.Policyisdeterminedbytheloudestvoices,reducingustoa

worldinwhichmight(40)_____right—theclassicdefinitionof

authoritarianism.

26.A.satisfiedwithB.angrywithC.displeasedatD.

proudof

27.A.discountedB.doubtedC.adoptedD.shared

28.A.objectiveB.subjectiveC.culturalD.relative

29.A.variableB.validC.valuableD.various

30.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.Furthermore

31.A.assimilationB.inhibitionC.representationD.oppression

32.A.resonatedB.agreedC.appealedD.responded

33.A.likedB.approvedC.verifiedD.hated

34.A.offsetsB.producesC.underminesD.strengthens

35.A.whenB.whatC.whyD.which

36.A.foundB.definedC.dictatedD.claimed

37.A.practicalB.equalC.usefulD.equitable

38.A.identifyingB.equippingC.equatingD.confusing

39.A.deducedB.introduceC.conducedD.reduced

40.A.decidesB.causesC.makesD.creates

【答案與解析】

26.C根據上下文可知，此處指“后現代主義運動是在不滿于…的人

文學科教授之間所興起的”。bedispleasedat對…感到不快，對…生氣。

27.C此處指“后現代主義采納了文化人類學和相對論的思想”。

adopt采取，采納。

28.D根據語境可知，此處指“后現代主義認為真理是相對的，會被

觀察者自身的假設和偏見所影響”，因此答案選D。

29.B本句指“后現代主義者認為科學只是眾多認知方式中的一種，

并不比其他方式更加合理或更加不合理”。valid有根據的，正當的，合

理的。

30.D本句進一步說明了后現代主義者的觀點“而且，他們把科學定

義為西方白人的認知方式和一種文化壓迫工具”。因此本題選D項。

31.D根據上題解析，可知本題應選D項的oppression（壓迫；壓

制）。assimilation同化；吸收。inhibition抑制；壓抑；禁止。

32.A本句指：該論述引起了眾多女權主義者和民權人士的共鳴，

從而得到廣泛采用。resonatewith有特殊意義，引起共鳴。

33.D根據該空后and所連接后半部分提到的lampoon（諷刺），可

知此處應填入與之表達含義相近的詞，因此只有D項hated符合。

34.C該句and后指出“接受這種相對的世界觀不會導致忍耐，而是

獨裁”，由此可推斷該句講述的是接受這種相對世界觀的消極影響，因

此該空應指的是“損害民主體制”。undermine破壞；侵蝕…的基礎；暗中

破壞。offset抵消；補償。

35.C根據上下文可知，此處指：幾乎300年前，JohnLocke就表明

了原因（即為何接受這種相對的世界觀會損害民主，導致獨裁）。

36.B根據上文提到的兩個問題“我們何以確定某些事是真實的？知

識的基礎又是什么？”，可推測此處指JohnLocke在AnEssayConcerning

HumanUnderstanding這篇文章中對知識進行了定義。因此defined符合上

下文。

37.D此處指：該觀點認為基于客觀事實和經驗的知識是制定國家

政策的最公正的標準。equitable公平的，公正的；平衡法的。

38.C根據上下文可知，此處指“通過錯誤地將知識與觀點等同起

來，后現代主義者和科學無用論者使我們的思想又回到啟蒙運動之前的

水平”。equate使相等；視為平等。

39.D該句指“公開論述淪為無盡的觀點沖突…”。bereducedto為慣

用搭配，意為“轉化為；淪為；減少到”。

40.CMightmakesright強權即公理。

PartFour:ReadingComprehension(20)

Directions:Eachofthefollowingfourpassagesisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements,fouranswersaregiven.Readthepassage

carefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Markchoiceonthe

ANSWERSHEET.

PassageOne

AconsiderablepartofFacebookappealstemsfromitsmiraculous

fusionofdistancewithintimacy,orillusionofdistancewiththeillusionof

intimacy.Ouronlinecommunitiesbecomeenginesofself-image,andself-

imagebecomestheengineofcommunity.TherealdangerwithFacebookis

notthatitallowsustoisolateourselves,butthatbymixingourappetitefor

isolationwithourvanity,itthreatenstoaltertheverynatureofsolitude.The

newisolationisnotofthekindthatAmericansonceidealized,the

lonesomenessoftheproudlynonconformist,independent-minded,solitary

stoic,orthatoftheastronautwhoblastsintonewworlds.Facebook’s

isolationisagrind.What’strulystaggeringaboutFacebookusageisnotits

volume—750millionphotographsuploadedoverasingleweekend—butthe

constancyoftheperformanceitdemands.Morethanhalfitsusers—andone

ofevery13peopleonEarthisaFacebookuser—logoneveryday.Among

18-to-34-year-olds,nearlyhalfcheckFacebookminutesafterwakingup,and

28percentdosobeforegettingoutofbed.Therelentlessnessiswhatisso

new,sopotentiallytransformative.Facebooknevertakesabreak.Wenever

takeabreak.Humanbeingshavealwayscreatedelaborateactsofself-

presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning,beforeweevenpoura

cupofcoffee.

Nostalgiaforthegoodolddaysofdisconnectionwouldnotjustbe

pointless,itwouldbehypocriticalandungrateful.Buttheverymagicofthe

newmachines,theefficiencyandelegancewithwhichtheyserveus,

obscureswhatisn’tbeingserved:everythingthatmatters.WhatFacebookhas

revealedabouthumannature—andthisisnotaminorrevelation—isthata

connectionisnotthesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotal

connectionisnosalvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldoramore

liberatedversionofhumanity.Solitudeusedtobegoodforself-reflectionand

self-reinvention.Butnowwearelefttalkingaboutwhoweareallthetime,

withouteverreallythinkingaboutwhoweare.Facebookdeniesusapleasure

whoseprofunditywehadunderestimated:thechancetoforgetabout

ourselvesforawhile,thechancetodisconnect.

41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthepowerofFacebook

canbeinferredfrompassage?

A.Itcreatestheisolationpeoplewant.

B.Itdeliversamorefriendlyworld.

C.Itproducesintimacypeoplelackintherealworld.

D.Itenablesustobesocialwhileavoidingthemessofhuman

interaction.

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheundersideofFacebook

issupportedbyinformationcontainedinthispassage?

A.Itimprisonspeopleinthebusinessofself-presentation.

B.Itcausessocialdisintegration.

C.Itmakespeoplevainer.

D.Itmakespeoplelonelier.

43.Whichofthefollowingbeststate“thenewisolation”mentionedby

theauthor?

A.Itisfullofthespiritofadventure.

B.Itistheextensionofindividualism.

C.Ithasatouchofnarcissism.

D.Itevolvesfromtheappetiteforindependence.

44.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothecategoryof“somethingthat

matters”accordingtopassage?

A.Constantconnection

B.Instantcommunication

C.Smoothsociability

D.Ahumanbond

45.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutFacebookdoestheauthor

wantustodraw?

A.Itcreatesfriendship.

B.Itdeniesusthepleasureofsocializing.

C.Itopensanewworldforus.

D.Itdrawsusintoaparadox.

【答案與解析】

41.A文章首句指出“AconsiderablepartofFacebookappealstems

fromitsmiraculousfusionofdistancewithintimacy,orillusionofdistance

withtheillusionofintimacy”，可知Facebook之所以有如此大的魅力，原

因之一就是其將距離和親密，或者說距離的錯覺和親密的錯覺結合在了

一起。換句話說就是，Facebook使人們可以進行社交，但與此同時避免

不必要的人際互動。因此D項可從文中推斷出來。

42.A文章第一段最后一句指出“Humanbeingshavealwayscreated

elaborateactsofself-presentation.Butnotallthetime,noteverymorning,

beforeweevenpouracupofcoffee”，可知雖然人類一直在想法設法進行

自我表現，但卻沒有像如今有Facebook了之后，時時刻刻想著展示自

我。因此A項（Facebook將人們禁錮在自我表現的牢籠之中）符合文章

內容。

43.C“thenewisolation”出現在第一段第四句，該句指出這種新的孤

立不同于美國人曾經理想化的孤立，前一句提到“Therealdangerwith

Facebookisnotthat…butthatbymixingourappetiteforisolationwithour

vanity…”，由vanity（虛榮心，浮華）可知這種由Facebook而生的新的

孤立帶有一點自戀的意味。因此答案選C。narcissism自戀，自我陶醉。

44.D文章第二段第二句指出Facebook的efficiency和elegance模糊了

其無法提供給我們的東西，即everythingthatmatters。隨后下一句提

到“WhatFacebookhasrevealedabouthumannature…isthataconnectionis

notthesamethingasabond,andthatinstantandtotalconnectionisno

salvation,notickettoahappier,betterworldoramoreliberatedversionof

humanity”，可知Facebook能給人們帶來connection，卻帶不來真正的

bond，因此正確答案為D項。

45.D該篇文章主要講述到Facebook使人們獲得了isolation，但人們

卻時時刻刻保持登錄狀態，想要自我表現。孤立原本可以使人們暫時忘

卻自我，進行反省和發現，但Facebook卻使人們不斷地想著人們自身的

問題。由此可知作者想要讀者得出“Facebook使我們陷入矛盾之中”的結

論。故答案選D。

PassageTwo

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsof

forceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknew

allthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsan

estimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeen

publishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.Themodernhighschool

studentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledge,thanNewtondid,

yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecoming

moreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainof

informationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,

youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakes

ascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,

butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynew

discoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfasterthanknowledge.

Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,

thereisfarmorewedon’tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmore

weknowwedon’tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeisto

generatenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant:notthekinofignorancethat

isassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivated,

high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo:they

makedistinctionbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposals

andoverbeersatmeetings.AsClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatest

physicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said“Thoroughlyconscious

ignorance…isapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.”

Thisperspectiveonscience—thatitisaboutthequestionmorethanthe

answers—shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakesscienceless

threateningandfarmorefriendlyand,infact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseries

ofelegantpuzzleswithinpuzzles—andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questions

arealsomoreaccessibleandmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendto

betheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

Latelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindto

whatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience—thatisapileoffactswaytoo

bigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthe

questions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthe

questionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducators

stoppedtraffickinginfactsthatareavailableonWikipedia—thenwemight

findapubliconceagainengagedinadventure.

46.WhichofthefollowingwouldmostscholarsagreetoaboutNewton

andscience?

A.Newtonwastheonlypersonwhoknewallthescienceinthe1600s.

B.Newton’slawsofforceandgravitydominatedsciencefor350years.

C.SinceNewton’stime,sciencehasdevelopedintoamountainoffacts.

D.AhighschoolstudentprobablyknowsmoresciencethanNewton

did.

47.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

48.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionmorethanthe

answers?

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionthananswers.

D.Becausequestionpointthewaytodeepanswers.

49.Theexpression“takeabackseat”(line1,paragraph5)probably

means_____.

A.takeabackplace

B.haveadifferentrole

C.beofgreaterpriority

D.becomelessimportant

50.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists’enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案與解析】

46.D有關牛頓和科學，大多數學者認可的觀點主要集中在文章第

一段，該段最后一句提到“Themodernhighschoolstudentprobablynow

possessesmorescientificknowledge,thanNewtondid,yetsciencetomany

peopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts”，可知關于科學，目

前一個中學生就很可能比當時的牛頓知道的多。因此D項為正確答案。

其他選項內容與文章首段的描述有出入。

47.B文章第三段講述了無知和知識之間的關系。該段第四句提

到“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetter

waysofbeingignorant…”，B項描述與之意思相符，因此為正確答案。

48.B題干所描述內容出現在第四段首句，該句指出“科學更多是關

乎問題而非答案應該是一個令人感到欣慰的觀點”，接著下文提到“It

makessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyand,infact,fun”以

及“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandmoreinterestingthan

answers…”，可知問題使得科學更易于理解和接受。因此答案選B。

49.D文章第五段第一句指出“Latelythissideofsciencehastakena

backseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience—

thatisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer”，即在大眾

看來，“科學更多是關乎問題而非答案”的觀點已經takenabackseat，人

們認為科學是大量事實的集合，甚至無法想象去征服。由此可推測take

abackseat指“處于次要地位；退居次位”。因此答案選D。

50.A文章中一直在討論科學的問題，最后作者提出一系列的如

果“Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andif…andif…”，并得

出結論“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinadventure”，可

知在該篇文章中作者最關注的問題是使人們重新參與到科學之中。因此

答案選A。

PassageThree

Informationtechnologythathelpsdoctorsandpatientsmakedecisions

hasbeenaroundforalongtime.CrudeonlinetoolslikeWebMDgetmillions

ofvisitorsaday.ButWatsonisadifferentlongbeast.AccordingtoIBM,it

candigestinformationandmakerecommendationmuchmorequickly,and

moreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit—processingupto60

millionpagesoftextpersecond,evenwhenthattextisintheformofplain

oldprose,orwhatscientistscall“naturallanguage.”

That’snosmallthing,becausesomethinglike80percentofall

informationis“unstructured.”Inmedicine,itconsistsofphysiciannotes

dictatedintomedicalrecords,long-windedsentencespublishedinacademic

journals,andrawnumbersstoredonlinebypublic-healthdepartments.At

leastintheory,Watsoncanmakesenseofitall.Itcansitinonpatient

examinations,silentlylistening.Andovertime,itcanlearnbetteratfiguring

outmedicalproblemsandwaysoftreatingthemthemoreitinteractswith

realcases.Watsonevenhastheabilitytoconveydoubt.Whenitmakes

diagnosesandrecommendtreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesof

possibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached.

Medicinehasneverbeforehadatoolquitelikethis.Andatanunofficial

coming-outpartyinLasVegaslastyear,duringtheannualmeetingofthe

HealthcareInformationandManagementSystemsSociety,morethan1,000

professionalspackedalargehotelconferencehall,andanoverflowroom

nearbytohearapresentationbyMartyKohn,anemergency-roomphysician

andaclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare.

Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe,Kohndescribed

inhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger—notjustinhighly

specializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,giventhatall

doctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimesdangerous,

treatmenterrors.

Drawingonhisownclinicalexperienceandonacademicstudies,Kohn

explainedthataboutone-thirdoftheseerrorsappeartobeproductsof

misdiagnosis,onecauseofwhichis“anchoringbias”:humanbeings’

tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation.Thishappens

allthetimeindoctors’offices,clinics,andemergencyrooms.Aphysician

hearsabouttwoorthreesymptoms,seizesonadiagnosisconsistentwith

those,andsubconsciouslydiscountsevidencethatpointstosomethingelse.

Oraphysicianhitsupontherightdiagnosis,butfailstorealizethatit’s

incomplete,andendsuptreatingjustoneconditionwhenthepatientis,in

fact,sufferingfromseveral.ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothose

failings.Assuch,Kohnbelieves,theymayeventuallybecomeasubiquitous

indoctors’officesasthestethoscope.

“Watsonfillsinforsomehumanlimitations,”Kohntoldmeinan

interview.“Studiesshowthathumansaregoodattakingarelativelylimited

listofpossibilitiesandusingthatlist,butarefarlessadeptatusinghuge

volumesofinformation.That’swhereWatsonshines:takingahugelistof

informationandwinnowingitdown.”

51.WhatisWatson?

A.Itisapersonwhoaidsdoctorsinprocessingmedicalrecords.

B.Itisanonlinetoolthatconnectsdoctorsoverdifferentplaces.

C.Itisanintelligentcomputerthathelpsdoctorsmakedecisions.

D.Itisabeastthatgreetsmillionsofvisitorstoamedicalinstitution.

52.WhichofthefollowingisbeyondWatson’sability?

A.Talkwiththepatient.

B.Calculateprobability.

C.Recommendtreatment.

D.Processsophisticateddata.

53.MartyKohn_____.

A.gaveapresentationatanacademicconference

B.worksfortheIBMTrainingDivision

C.isashortpersonwithahuskyvoice

D.expressedoptimismforWatson

54．“Anchoringbias”_____.

A.isadeviceubiquitousindoctors‘offices.

B.islesslikelytobecommittedbyWatson.

C.happensinonethirdofmedicaltreatments

D.isawrongdiagnosiswithincompleteinformation

55.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Watsonasashiningstar

B.Therisksofmisdiagnosis

C.TheRobotWillSeeYouNow

D.IBM’sITsolutiontomedicine

【答案與解析】

51.C文章首段開頭便指出能幫助醫生和病人進行診斷的信息科技

已存在相當長的一段時間了，隨后便引出Watson，稱其能夠“digest

informationandmakerecommendationmuchmorequickly,andmore

intelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit”，由此可推知Watson是能

幫助醫生進行診斷的智能電腦，因此本題答案選C。

52.A關于Watson能做些什么，文章第二段主要對其進行了介紹。

該段指出對于醫學方面的大量復雜信息，至少在理論上“Watsoncan

makesenseofitall”，對應D項；根據該段最后一句“Whenitmakes

diagnosesandrecommendtreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesof

possibilities…”，可知B項和C項的內容也是Watson能夠做到的。唯獨A

項“與病人進行交談”文中沒有提及，因此超出了Watson的能力范圍。故

答案選A。

53.D文中首次提到MartyKohn是在第三段，該段最后一句提

到“KohndescribedinhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger

—notjustinhighlyspecializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,

giventhatalldoctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimes

dangerous,treatmenterrors”，由此可知Kohn對于Watson持樂觀的態度。

因此D項正確。其他選項與該段提到的內容均由出入。

54.Banchoringbias出現在第四段首句，該句對anchoringbias的解釋

為“humanbeings’tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceof

information”。隨后該段對anchoringbias發生的情況進行了詳細介紹，并

在倒數第二句指出“ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings”。由

此可知Watson不太可能會犯此類錯誤。因此答案選B。

55.A文章從引入Watson開始，對Watson的功能、前景和克服人類

局限性的優點進行了介紹，并在文章最后一句總結到“That’swhere

Watsonshines…”，因此A項最適合作本文的標題。

PassageFour

Thecontributiongenesmakeintelligenceincreaseaschildrengrow

older.Thisgoesagainstthenotionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage,

environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacyweareborn

withandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegenetic

influencegoesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetween

peoplepileupinlife,”saysRobertPlomin.“Whatwefoundwasquite

amazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previ