觀察例句判斷下面句子中單詞的詞性Well,JamesandJohnhaddifferentopinionsabouttheirdestinations

whenthetwoclosefriendswentouthiking.詞類又稱詞性（Partsofspeech），英語中有十種基本詞性詞類名詞數詞代詞動詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞冠詞感嘆詞實詞虛詞觀察例句觀察下列句子中實詞和虛詞的區別Jimmyranksfirstintheclass.Thismeansthatheisthenumberonestudentamongallhisclassmates.Theharderhestudies,thehigherhisscoregets.實詞虛詞有形變無形變實詞名詞(noun)表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱代詞(pronoun)主要用來代替名詞或事件數詞(numeral)表示數量或事物的順序動詞(verb)表示動作或狀態形容詞(adjective)表示人或事物的性質或特征副詞(adverb)修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞和句子，說明時間、地點、程度等練習1在下列句中空白處填入所給單詞的恰當形式Fivehundredyearslater,aChineseemperor

(build)ahugezootoshowhispowerandwealth.Theteam’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate____(population)ofgiantpandas.Thiswill____(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.Thegirlranthe____(fast)ofallwhenshelookedbackandsawacheetahwaschasing____(she).Asaresult,therunnerwhowouldhavecomefirstjustrankedthe____(three)intheend.虛詞介詞(preposition)表示它后面名詞性的詞與其他句子成分的關系連詞(conjunction)用來連接同類詞、短語或句子冠詞(article)用在名詞前，幫助說明名詞感嘆詞(interjection)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情練習2在下列句中空白處填入1個適當的單詞Giantpandasalsoserve____anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.Theorganizationisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.WhenIgavehim

sandwich,Inoticedhissmileashewasopeningthesandwich.Hesharedit

Bella.句子成分成分主語謂語賓語表語賓補定語狀語同位語詞在句子中充當的功能性成分，共有八種主干成分主語(Subject)句子所要說明的人或事物，名詞/代詞/數詞/todo/doing/從句擔任I’mMissGreen.謂語(Predicate)說明主語的動作或狀態，只由動詞擔任Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.賓語(Object)表示動作的對象或結果，通常由名詞性的詞/從句擔任賓語分單賓語、雙賓語（直+間）、復合賓語（賓+補）表語(Predicative)在系動詞之后，表明主語的身份/特征/狀態，由名詞/代詞/形容詞/介詞短語/數詞/副詞/非謂語/從句擔任Mathsishard.(賓語)補足語(Complement)用來說明賓語怎么樣/干什么，賓語是其邏輯主語，由形容詞/動詞/名詞/副詞/介詞短語/非謂語等充當Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.練習3判斷下列句中哪些是主干成分Judyisveryclever.Sheworksveryhardandalwayshelpsmetostudy.主語謂語

(系動詞)表語主語謂語謂語賓語補語____________________________________修飾成分定語(Attribute)修飾名詞或代詞，通常由形容詞/非謂語/介詞短語/名詞/代詞/數詞/副詞/從句擔任Thelazymanisalivestreaminggamer.狀語(Adverbialmodifier)修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，由副詞/介詞短語/非謂語/獨立結構/少數形容詞/名詞/從句擔任Hehardlyworkswhenothersareworkinghard.Shestoodthere,motionless.同位語(Appositive)通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后，進一步說明它的內容，由名詞/代詞/數詞/從句充當Jerry,whereisyourfriendTom?練習4判斷下列句中哪些是修飾成分Judy,

a

seniorstudent,isaveryclevergirl.Shealsoworksveryhard.同位語狀語狀語__________________________________________定語練習Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Wearereadingbooks.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Ithink

(that)heisfitforhisoffice.HisfathernamedhimDavid.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Thebikeintheroomismine.HelivesinLondon.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.HisprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.合成法轉化法構詞法派生法截詞法混成法首字母縮寫法逆成法擬聲法構詞法直接合成spaceship,headache,playground,breakfast連詞符合成breath-taking,hand-written,hard-working合成法形容詞→動詞dry→dry,clean→clean動詞→名詞look,walk,rest,work名詞→動詞hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對)形容詞→副詞early→early,fast→fast副詞→連詞when(什么時候)→(當……時候)介詞→副詞in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(進行)轉化法前綴詞根后綴詞派生法常用前綴a-(在…,…的):asleep,awake,abroada-/ab-(無,否,遠離):amoral,abnormal,abuseanti-(反,防):anti-tank,anti-clockwise,anti-Warbi-(雙,兩):bicycle,bilingual,bi-colorco-/con-/com-(共同,聚集):co-exist,concentrate,comparede-(加強/削弱):deserve,depict;destruction,destroydi-/dis-(否定):discover,disappear,dislikein-/im-/il-/ir-(不,非):invisible,inconvenience,impolite,impossible,illogical,illegal,irregular,irresponsibleun-/non-(不,非):unhappy,unlucky,non-interference,non-governmentalorganizationmis-(錯,誤):mistake,misunderstand,

misjudgein-/im-(里,上,加):increase,inside,introduce,impact,improve,impulseex-/e-(外,前,出):exit,extraordinary,egress,emitinter-(相互,之間):international,inter-actionen-(使…可能,使…):encourage,enable,enlargeover-(過于):overdo,oversimplify,overlookre-(重復,往復):rewrite,repeat,return,retiresuper-(超越的):superstar,superman,supermarketsub-(下面的):subway,subconscious,suburbtele-(遠程):telephone,telegraph,telescope前綴派生派生名詞動詞+er/or/ee:teacher,inventor,employee,trainee動詞+ant:assistant,consultant,applicant動詞+(t)ion:congratulation,education,confusion,organization動詞+ment:movement,government動詞+ance(y)/ence(y):acceptance,expectancy,influence,frequency動詞+ing:swimming,meeting形容詞+ness:

kindness,friendliness,loneliness名詞/形容詞+ist:scientist,specialist,artist名詞/形容詞+ian:magician,musician,technician名詞/形容詞+ship:friendship,hardship,relationship名詞/形容詞+dom:freedom,kingdom詞根+ity:quality,quantity,ability后綴派生派生形容詞-ful:helpful,cheerful,useful-ble:reasonable,horrible,possible-ous:serious,courageous,dangerous-less:careless,homeless,meaningless-al:practical,national,natural-ive:active,native,positive-ary:visionary,imaginary,revolutionary-y:rainy,dirty,hearty-ish:childish,bookish,English-an:American,European,African-ant/-ent:important,significant,different,efficient-some:troublesome,handsome,awesome-ern:southern,northern,eastern派生副詞-ly:healthy-healthily,possible-possibly-wise:likewise,clockwise,otherwise-ward(s):backwards,afterwards,straightforward派生動詞-fy:simplify,beautify,amplify,satisfy,electrify-en:strengthen,lengthen,widen,sharpen,deepen-ize:realize,modernize,apologize,organize-ate:educate,congratulate,concentrate,associate派生數詞-teen:fourteen,fifteen,eighteen-ty:twenty,forty,thirty-th:twelfth,ninth,twentieth將單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變截頭telephone—phone,airplane—plane截尾mathematics—math(s),laboratory—lab截頭和截尾influenza—flu,refrigerator—fridge截詞法兩個詞分別或者其中一個取一部分構成新詞smoke+fog=smognews+broadcast=newscast混成法首字母縮寫法（Acronym）TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage=TOEFLUnitedStatesofAmerica=USA首字母縮寫法通過去掉被誤認的后綴構成新詞automation—automategloomy—gloomgreedy—greed逆成法單詞發音與現象存在聲音上的天然聯系cuckoo杜鵑(叫聲)，mew貓叫，quack鴨叫擬聲法鞏固練習Thatmanwas______(care)enoughnottotellthemanagerthetruth.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis______(die)isheavierthanMountTai.Thechildlooked______(sad)athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.Stephensonbecamethe______(lead)railwayengineerintheworld.Whenthe