主謂一致一、主謂一致的原則主謂一致是指主語和謂語在人稱和數上保持一致。一般遵循下列原則：1.

語法一致原則：主語和謂語在人稱和數上一致，即主語是單數形式，謂語動詞也采用單數形式；主語是復數形式，謂語動詞也采用復數形式。2.

意義一致原則：謂語的單復數取決于主語的意義。有時主語形式上為單數，但意義上卻是復數，那么謂語根據意義也用復數形式；有時主語形式上為復數，但意義上卻是單數，那么謂語根據意義應用單數形式。3.

就近一致原則：謂語動詞的形式與鄰近的主語在人稱和數上一致，如“Therebe

句型”即適用這一原則。二、主謂一致的具體應用1.

名詞作主語1)集合名詞作主語，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數形式；如果強調個體，謂語動詞用復數形式。常見的這類名詞有：army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,committee,enemy,government,population等。

有些集合名詞如cattle,people,police等，通常看作復數，謂語動詞必須用復數。e.g.Theteam

isthebestintheleague.Theteam

aredrivingtothegameintheirowncars.（team意為“隊員們”）

Thepolice

arealsolookingforasecondcar.2)單復數同形的名詞作主語，應根據其意義來決定謂語形式，常見的這類名詞有：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works（工廠）等。

e.g.Theonlymeansofcommunicationbetweenthemwassignlanguage.Allmeans

havebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.3)表示單數概念的復形名詞，如：學科（maths，physics等）、機構、書名、劇名等作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數。

e.g.Mathsisoneofthemostimportantcoursesintheseniorschool.

TheTimesisBritain’soldestnationaldaily.4)表成雙成對的名詞作主語，謂語動詞通常用復數形式，有：trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass等。但如果其前有apairof,akindof等修飾時，謂語動詞一般用單數。

e.g.Apairoftrousersisonthebed.Mybluetrousershavewornout.5)當名詞短語中心詞為表示距離、金額、時間等的復數名詞時，往往把這些復數名詞看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數。

e.g.Sevenkilometerswascoveredintwohours.

Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.

Tenminuteswasgiventopreparetheanswer.6)“the+形容詞或過去分詞”結構作主語時，如表示一類可數的人或事物，謂語動詞用復數，這類詞有wounded,rich,unemployed,blind等。

e.g.Theunemployed

leadamiserablelife.7)“morethanone/manya+單數名詞”作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數形式；“more+復數名詞+thanone”作主語，謂語動詞通常用復數形式。

e.g.Thereis

morethanoneanswertoyourquestion.

Manyacriticissatisfiedwiththeplay.

Moreboxesthanonehavebeenusedatthestation.8)“分數或百分數+of+名詞”構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數取決于of后名詞的數。

e.g.Onlyonethirdofthework

wasdone

yesterday.

Threefourthsofthestudents

cometo

schoolon

time.2.代詞作主語1)由代詞each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another以及合成代詞something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主語時，謂語動詞均用單數。

e.g.Twoboysentered.Eachwascarryingasuitcase.

Anyonewhoisoversixteenisallowedin.2)關系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時，謂語動詞的數應與先行詞的數一致。

e.g.Davidisoneofthosepeoplewhohave

troublemakinguptheirminds.（先行詞是people）

Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho

waslatethismorning.（當one前有

theonly時，先行詞是one）3)all,most,none,some等作主語時，謂語動詞的形式要根據它們所代替的內容來定。

e.g.Allwhohavestudiedthisquestion

havecometo

thesameconclusion.

None

ismorequalifiedforthetask

thanhe.3.由連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語1)用and或both...and...連接并列主語，如果意義為復數，謂語動詞通常用復數。但由and連接的并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞則用單數形式，這時and后面的可數名詞不帶冠詞。e.g.Boththesecretaryandthemanagerhaveagreedtobepresent.

Lawandorder

meansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.

Thereisawatchandchainonthetable.（watchandchain帶鏈的表）2)當主語后跟有說明主語的修飾語，如用with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto與修飾語連接時，謂語動詞的人稱和數與主語保持一致。

e.g.Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,havebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.3)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞要與鄰近的主語相一致。

e.g.Eitherhisbrotheror

hisfriendsare

wrong.

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteachergoestotheexhibition.4.從句及非謂語動詞作主語1)名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數。但如果是兩個或兩個以上的從句由and連接表兩個概念時，謂語動詞用復數。另外，what從句作主語時，謂語動詞的數由其表示的意義來決定。e.g.Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristsareinjuredarestillunknown.

Whatyouwantisabigbag.Youneednotgetanymorestamps.What

wehavearequitesufficient.2)動詞-ing形式短語或不定式短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數。

e.g.Smoking/Tosmokeisabadhabit.用be動詞的適當形式填空。1.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which_________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist.（江蘇2017）was2.Fastfood________fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.（2017全國卷I）is3.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow43.____oftenacceptable.（2016新課標全國卷II）4.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand69.________tooviolentforuseatthetable.（2016新課標全國卷III）iswereI.用括號內動詞的正確形式填空。1.Everypossiblemeans_____________(use)topreventtheairpollutionsofar,butthingsarestillserious.2.TheUnitedNations________(be)thoughttobeoneofthemostimportantinternationalorganizationsnowadays.3.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,__________(work)ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadlinenow.hasbeenusedisisworking4.Thatyourfrienddoesn'tofferyouagiftonyourbirthdaypossibly________(mean)thatheforgetsaboutit.5.Manyaforeigner________(be)lookingforwardtovisitingthemysteriousChinanowadays.6.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsshowsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________(be)goodforone'shealth.meansisis7.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third________(use)regularly.8.MostofwhathasbeensaidaboutJohn________(be)alsotrueofJack.9.Apoetandartist________(be)comingtospeaktousaboutChinesepaintingtomorrowafternoon.10.Mycolleagueistheonlyoneoftheteacherswho________(know)German.wereusedisisknowsII.用括號內動詞的正確形式補全下面短文。

ThedoorofapopularcoffeebarincentralDelhi1.________(be)seldomshutforlongasasteadystreamofcustomerswalkinandout.Manyofthem2.________(be)youngsters—collegestudentsandyoungworkingpeoplewantingtorelaxoveracupofcoffee.“Withoutbeingdisturbed,youcansitforalongtimeandhaveacupofcoffee,andchat,nobody3.________(disturb)youhere,”saidagirl.isaredisturbs“Youcansit,talkandspendtimehere,andhaveacupofcoffee,hangoutwithyourf