新人教版高中英語選擇性必修二Unit1ScienceandScientists

ReadingandThinking/?k?l?r?/choleran.霍亂adj.極為惡劣的;十分嚴重的;嚴厲的severe/s??v??(r)/Lead-indiarrhoea/?da???r??/n.腹瀉dehydration/?di?ha??dre??n/n.脫水Lead-ininfection/?n?fek??n/n.感染;傳染waterpump/?w??t?

p?mp/水泵UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

ReadingandThinking:

UnderstandthequestioningmindThechangescovid-19hasbroughttousinthepasttwoyears.coronavirus[k??r??n?va?r?s]WearmasksWashhandsfrequentlyLead-inrunnucleic

acidtests[nu?kle??k??s?dtest]（核酸檢測）getvaccinated[?v?ks?ne?t?d]（接種疫苗）Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?Wearetakingmeasurestofightagainstcoronavirus![k??r??n?va?r?s]④Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics（流行病）doyoukonw?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria[m??leri?]（瘧疾）plague[ple?ɡ]（鼠疫）Ebola[??b??l?](埃博拉)①②③WhoHelpedDefeatMalaria?

DrawaconclusionCollectdataAskaquestion

Findaproblem

Analysetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodTuYouyoufollowedthescientificstagestofindoutthecureformalaria.Canyouputthemintherightorder?MALARIAWhoDefeatedCholera?PredictionJohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Accordingtothetitle,thestoryisgoingtotellusinformationabout...Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.howJohnSnowscientificresearch?

DrawaconclusionCollectdataAskaquestion

Findaproblem

Analyzetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodStagesofScientificResearchWhatorderwouldyouputthemin?WhilereadingActivity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3Activity2:SkimthetexttoseeiftheorderyoudecidedinPredictionwascorrect.Activity1:ReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideaPara.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3Activity3careful-reading1．WhichofthefollowingdidJohnSnowbelievein?A．Badaircausedcholera.B．Whatpeopleeatanddrinkcausedcholera.C．Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.D．Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.2．WhatwasthekeyleadingtoJohnSnow'sdiscovery?A．Thegovernment.B．ThewomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet.C．Thewatercompany.D．Themapmadebyhimself.3．Atlast，“KingCholera”wascontrolledby__________________．A．usingmedicinesinhospitalB．drivingpatientsoutofthecountryC．dealingwiththepollutedwaterD．gettingridofallkindsofpollution4．WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?A．Choleragermsmultipliedinthewater.B．Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.C．Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.D．Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.CarefulReadingPara.1Research

background2.Whywasthediseasecalled“”KingCholera?Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.expert/experienced/knowledgeabledeadlyuncontrollable“King”1.WhoisJohnSnow?Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.1.Whatarethetwotheories?WhichtheorydidJohnSnowthinkwasreasonable?2.WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?Para.2Findaproblem→AskaquestionbeerpubNote:——1deathPH:publichouse30,31,…:numbersofhouseswaterpump7Para.3Thinkofamethod→Collectdata1.WhatmethoddidSnowuse?2.Whatdidhefindonthemap?Whatdidhedotodealwithit?AmapofBroadStreetPara.3Analyzetheresults→Findsupportingevidence Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge8Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.…multipleHowevernodeathsthewaterpumpwastoblamePara.3Drawaconclusion Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.announcePumpwatercarriedthecholeragerms.Remove

thehandleofthepumpThediseasewasstoppedSnowhadthe_______ofthepumpremoved.EItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterReadfromPara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesWatercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater.Thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworlddecreased.Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.2.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?TheFatherofModernEpidemiology1.WhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondonin1854?ReadPara.4-5andanswerthequestions.WatercompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste,causingpeoplewhodrankthiswatertogetcholera.SummaryFindaproblem:Whatcausedacholera?Askaquestion：Whichtheoryisright?Thinkofamethod：Gatheredevidence，analyzedtheresultsandremovedthehandleofthepump.Drawaconclusion:Thetruthwasthatpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Takemeasures:Watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofthediseasedecreased.Thestagesofscientificresearch課文語法填空JohnSnowwas1.__well-knowndoctorinLondoninthe19thcentury.Hewantedtofindthecauseofcholerainordertohelppeople2._________

(infect)withit.In1854whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondon,he3.______

(begin)togatherinformation4.____________

(immediate).Hemarkedonamap5.______allthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewho6.__________(drink)thedirtywater7._____thepumpdied.Soheannouncedthatthepumpwater8.________

(carry)choleragerms.Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupplies9._____________________(examine)andnewmethodsof10.________

(deal)withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.a

infected

began

immediately

where

haddrunkfromcarried(should)beexamineddealingInordernottogetinfectedwithdisease,whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylife.Drinkboiledwater.Remembertowearamaskwhengoingout.Heatthefoodleftovernight.Washyourhandsoften.Cookrawfoodthoroughly.Dealwithrubbishtimelyandproperly.Post-reading

Qualitiespassion

creativitydevotionselflessnesshardworkWhatqualitiesdoyouneedtobeascientist?Post-readingPost-reading“Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.”-

AlbertEinstein”“提出新的問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)新的問題，從新的角度審視已存在的問題，這些需要創(chuàng)造性的想象力，并標志著科學的真正進步。”-阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦”1.Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.直到英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾證明了霍亂能夠被戰(zhàn)勝之前，它一直是世界上最可怕的疾病之一。※畫線部分是由until引導的時間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的，那么這個主句需用肯定形式，若主句的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性的，則主句常用否定式，構成not...until...結構。※倒裝結構：部分倒裝“Notuntil＋謂語助動詞＋主語＋謂語動詞”。※強調(diào)結構：Itis/wasnotuntil＋時間從句或短語＋that＋主句部分。LanguagePoints(1)We’llstayhereuntilitstopsraining.(2)He

theoffice

hisbosscameback.(3)Yesterday，Iwaitedforyouatthebusstation

4o’clockintheafternoon.(4)Notuntilhesawhismother，

thelittleboy

.(5)Itwasnotuntiltheresultoftheexamwasannounced

herealizedhehadorganizedtimebadly.didn’tleaveuntiluntildidsmilethatLanguagePoints2.Intime，herosetobecomeafamousdoctor，andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.后來，他成為一名著名的醫(yī)生，甚至在維多利亞女王分娩時照顧她。1intime及時；終于；遲早intime作“終于；遲早”講時，常單獨使用，作狀語。intime作“及時”講時，后常跟forsth.或todosth.。LanguagePoints(1)Youwillsucceedintimeaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.只要不放棄，你總有一天會成功。(2)Thedoctorcameintime

(save)hislife.醫(yī)生及時趕到并搶救了他的生命。(3)Luckyforhim，hewasjustintime

thebus.幸運的是，他及時趕上了公共汽車。tosaveforLanguagePoints

time相關短語①fromtimetotime

有時；偶爾②atatime 每次③innotime 立刻；馬上④atthesametime 同時⑤atonetime 一度；從前⑥atnotime 絕不(置于句首時，句子常用部分倒裝語序)LanguagePoints

attendvt.出席；參加vt.&vi.照顧；護理vi.處理attendameeting/alecture/school參加會議/聽報告/上學attendtosb./sth.照料……；處理……；招待……attend(on/upon)sb.伺候某人，照顧某人(4)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShore.(5)Shewaspraisedforhaving

attended(on/upon)/tohersickmother.(6)Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingto

.attendtoLanguagePoints3.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯諾贊同第二個理論。

subscribeto同意；贊成；捐助；訂閱(雜志或報紙)

寫出下列句子中subscribeto的漢語意思(1)Hesubscribestotheviewthatchildrencanbenefitfrombeingindependent.__________(2)Thisistheschoolyourfathersubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.____(3)UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtoseveralmagazinesrecently.____贊成；同意捐助訂閱LanguagePointssubscribe...to...把……捐贈給……；把……簽署在……上(4)Itisreportedthatmanypeoplehavesubscribedmoney

theeducationfund.to4.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。

suspectvt.懷疑；認為n.被懷疑者；犯罪嫌疑人suspectthat...懷疑……；覺得……suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人(做過)某事suspectsb.tobe...懷疑某人是……LanguagePoints(1)Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten，eight，andsix—hadpickeditup，butthegirlssaidtheyhadn’t.(2)JudgingfromwhathesaidIsuspecthimtobeapickpocket.＝JudgingfromwhathesaidIsuspect

.(3)Whatmadeyoususpecther

havingtakenthemoney?thatheisapickpocketof

blamevt.責備；譴責n.過失；責備※betoblame(forsth.)(對某事)負有責任，應受責備blamesb.forsth.因某事責備某人；把某事歸咎于某人blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人/某事※put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.將某事歸咎于某人LanguagePoints(4)Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecausetheydidn’tadequatelychecktheirusers’registration.一些開發(fā)社交應用程序的公司應該負責任，因為他們對用戶的注冊信息審核不夠嚴格。(5)Manychildrenareafraidofbeingblamed

makingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.許多孩子害怕講英語時因犯錯誤而受責備。(6)

(blame)byhisteacher，theboywasinlowspirits.被老師責備后，這個男孩心情低落。forBlamedLanguagePoints(7)很多人發(fā)現(xiàn)早上起床很難，并把這歸咎于鬧鐘。①Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，and

.(blamev.)②Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，and

.(blamen.)blameitonthealarmclockput/laytheblameonthealarmclockLanguagePoints4.Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他把水泵的手柄去掉使它不能再被使用。

handlen.柄，把手；柄狀物；把柄v.觸摸；操作；處理(1)Iturnedthehandleandfoundthedoorwasopen.我轉動把手，發(fā)現(xiàn)門是開著的。(2)I’moldenough

(handle)myownaffairs.我已經(jīng)長大了，可以處理我自己的事情。tohandleLanguagePoints5.Moreover，SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.此外，斯諾后來證明了其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同的供水公司之間的聯(lián)系。

linkvt.&n.連接；聯(lián)系link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來linkupwith與……聯(lián)合；使與……銜接LanguagePoints(1)I’vedecidedtoblockalltheinformationfromafriend，whoconstantlyshareslinkstovarioushealthtips.我決定屏蔽一個朋友的所有信息，他總是不停地分享各種保健小貼士的鏈接。(2)Thepolicefoundthatthesefingerprintslinkedthesuspect

thecase.警方發(fā)現(xiàn)這些指紋把犯罪嫌疑人與案件聯(lián)系起來。(3)Theywentontothenexttown，wherethey

theotherparty.他們繼續(xù)趕路到了下一個城鎮(zhèn)，在那里他們與另一個隊伍會合。

tolinkedupwithLanguagePoints6.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts，watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater，andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.經(jīng)過斯諾不懈的努力，自來水公司開始銷售純凈水，世界各地霍亂的威脅大幅度減少。

decreasevi.&vt.減少；(使)變小或變少n.減少；降低※decreaseto...減少到……decreaseby...減少了……decreasefrom...to...從……減少到……※onthedecrease正在減少LanguagePoints(1)Thetrafficaccidentsinthecitydecreasedby30%lastyear.(2)Thenumberofnewstudentsinthisschool

2,100to1,600thisyear.(3)Becauseofhumanactivities，thenumberofsomerareanimalsis_____

.decreasedfromonthedecrease7.Fortunately，wenowknowhowtopreventcholera，thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道了怎樣防治霍亂。LanguagePoints

thanksto幸虧，由于※其他表示原因的短語還有：becauseof，onaccountof，asaresultof，常作狀語，一般不作表語，常可置于句首或句末。dueto，owingto因為；由于，在句中作狀語或表語。(1)Thankstoyourtimelyhelp，Imanagedtofinishtheworkontime.(2)

theb