AroseforEmily

----byWilliamFaulknerContentTheAuthorTheBackgroundThePlotandCharactersTheThemesTheTechniquesWilliamFaulknerBorn:September25,1897Died:July6,1962(aged

64)Notableworks:TheSoundandtheFury《喧嘩與騷動》AsILayDying《我彌留之際》LightinAugust《八月之光》GoDown.Moses《去吧，摩西》Notableawards:NobelPrizeinLiterature1949PulitzerPrizeforFiction1954,1963

Novels----TheEarlyPeriod(1924-1929)·1926Soldiers'Pay《軍餉》·1927Mosquitoes《蚊群》·1929Sartoris《薩托里斯》·1929TheSoundandtheFury《喧嘩與騷動》（TheMostCelebratedNovel）Poetry:·1924TheMarbleFaun《大理石牧神》（Thefirstbookofpoems）Novels----heCreativePeriod(1930-1942)1930AsILayDying《我彌留之際》·1931Sanctuary《圣殿》·1932LightinAugust《八月之光》·1935Pylon《塔門》·1936Absalom,Absalom!《押沙龍，押沙龍！》·1938TheUnvanquished《不敗者》·1939IfIForgetTheeJerusalem(TheWildPalms/OldMan)《野棕櫚》·1940TheHamlet《村子》·1942GoDown,Moses《去吧，摩西》Novels-----TheThirdPeriod(1942-1962)1948IntruderintheDust《闖入墳?zāi)沟娜恕贰?951RequiemforaNun《修女安魂曲》·1954AFable《寓言》WonPulitzerPrize·1962TheReivers《掠奪者》WonPulitzerPrizeThereasonwhyhewontheNobelPrize----forhispowerfulandunmatchedcontributiontocontemporaryAmericanfiction.HeisoneofthemostinfluentialwritersinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Hewrote19novels,morethan120shortstoriesandsomepoems.PulitzerPrizeforFiction1954----theBear1963----theReiversYoknapatawpha約克納帕塔法世系Mostofthesestoriestakeplaceinthefictionalcountyofyoknapatawpha,knownasthe"lineage."TheseriesisaboutseveralgenerationsoffamiliesfromdifferentsocialclassesinthecountyandJeffersontown,andfeaturesmorethan600charactersfrombeforetherevolutionarywartoafterthesecondworldwar.Themaincharactersappearalternatelyinhisdifferentworks,whichisactuallyahistoryofthechangesofAmericansouthernsociety.RepresentativeworksThelongnovels:TheSoundandtheFury《喧嘩與騷動》Sanctuary《圣殿》Absalom,Absalom!《押沙龍，押沙龍！》GoDown,Moses《去吧，摩西》Theshortnovels:Theeveningsun《夕陽》Dry

September

《干燥的九月》TheSoundandtheFury《喧嘩與騷動》

TheplotWritingTechniquesHeusesofstreamofconsciousnesstodeeplyexploretheinnerworldofthecharacters;Heisgoodatusingvariousartistictechniquesfromdifferentanglestohighlighttheconnectionbetweenhistoryandreallife.

Mythmodel3.CreationbackgroundFeaturesofthework:Theuseofmetaphor(暗喻的使用)Streamofconsciousness（意識流）

Multi-anglenarrativetechnique（多角度敘事）Characterscomplexpsychologicalchanges,delicateemotions,cleverwords（人物的復(fù)雜心理變化，細(xì)膩的情感和精巧的詞匯）Innermonologue（內(nèi)心的獨白）ThebackgroundCreativebackground

ThestorywassetinsouthernUnitedStatesaftertheCivilWarwhenslaveryandplantationeconomy(種植園經(jīng)濟(jì))wasexposedtotheinfluenceofnorthernindustrialization,andasaresult,theconventionalmoralsandcreedsofsouthernsocietywerefacedwithacrisisofcollapsingandremodeling（崩潰和重塑）.Thetraditionalcultureofthesouthandthevaluesofthenorthhaveexperiencedtremendous(極大的)impactandtransformationSouthernRenaissanceSincethe1920s,thephenomenonofRenaissanceemergedinthesouthernUnitedStates.SocialchangepromptedyoungsouthernintellectualstolookatthesouthandtheworldaroundthemagainThePlotThesetting:ThenoveltakesplaceinJefferson,asmalltowninthesouthafterthecivilwar.TheGriersonfamily(格里爾森家族)

stillmaintainedaloftyfamilysenseafterthedefeatofthesouth.Itspatriarch（族長）,Emily‘sfather,wasamanwithaseriouspatriarchaltendency(父權(quán)傾向).Inordertomaintainhisso-calledrankanddignity,hedroveawayallthemenwholovedEmilywhenhisdaughterwasyoung,deprivingheroftherighttohappiness.Afterthedeathofherfather,Emily,whohadnothing,soonfellinlovewithHomer(黑默),theYankeeforeman（北方佬工頭）

whohadcometothetowntobuildtherailroad.ButEmilycouldnotgetridofthefamilydignityandtheinfluenceofherfather.ThePlotWhenshefoundoutthatHomerhadnointentionofstartingafamilywithher,shepoisonedhimwitharsenic（砒霜）,thinkingthatonlyinthiswaycouldshekeepherloveandreputation（名譽(yù)）.Fromthenon,Emilylivedanisolatedlifeinthedilapidated（破舊，荒廢的）andclosedhouseandSharedabedwiththedeadbodyfor40years,untilshedied.ThetownspeoplediscoveredtheshockingsecretatEmily'sfuneral.ThePlotShareabedwithHomer’sdeadbodyCharacter---MissEmily

Sherejectsallthechanges.

Shecouldhaveabetterlifeafterherfather’sdeath.

However,shedoesn’tgetoutofthetowerherfatherbuiltforher.

Onthecontrary,shebuildsanotherone,andlockshersoul.Character--MissEmilyEmilyisapoorvictim(受害者).Itwasherimmediatefamilythatmadeherarecluse（隱居者）.Perhapssheknewthatotherscaredforher,butinherclosedfeelingssheintendedtorejectthislimitedcare,evenifitwasthefeelingsheneededmost.Infact,Emilyhasmanyvaluablethings.Ifshecanopenherheart,herlifewillbeasbrightandbeautifulasarose.TheroseofthetitleisalsoasatireonEmily'slife.Character----Mr.Homer

AforemanfromtheNorth.Homerisalargemanwithadarkcomplexion,aboomingvoice,andlight-coloredeyes.Agruffanddemandingboss,hewinsmanyadmirersinJeffersonbecauseofhisgregariousnature(合群的本性)andgoodsenseofhumor.HedevelopsaninterestinEmilyandtakesherforSundaydrives.Despitehisattributes,thetownspeopleviewhimasapoor,ifnotscandalous,choiceforamate.HedisappearsinEmily‘shouseanddecomposes（腐爛）inanattic（閣樓）bedroomaftershepoisonshim.Character----JudgeStevens

AmayorofJefferson.Eightyyearsold,JudgeStevensattemptstodelicatelyhandlethecomplaintsaboutthesmellemanatingfromtheGrierson’s

house.ToberespectfulofEmily’sprideandformerpositioninthecommunity,heandthealdermen(議員們)

decidetosprinklelime（石灰）onthehouseinthemiddleofthenight.-Character----Mr.GriersonEmily‘sfather.Mr.Griersonisacontrolling,loomingpresenceevenindeath,andthecommunityclearlyseeshislastinginfluenceoverEmily.Emily’sattemptstofindahusband.Buthedeliberatelythwarts（故意阻撓）inordertokeepherunderhiscontrol.TheThemesLovethemeTheroseisasymboloflove,sowecanclearlyunderstandthethemeofloveinthenovel“aroseforEmily”.AndtheauthordoesdescribetheprocessofEmilyandHomer‘smeeting,datingandcourtship(求愛).Loveisselfish.Emilyfinallychosetomurderherlovertokeepherbeloved,becausedeathwillnotbetray,longerthanlove.2.

PrideandGlorythemeEvenunderthegreatimpactofthenortherneconomicculture，Emilyandherfatherstillmaintaintheprideandsenseofhonorofthetraditionalaristocracy

.(傳統(tǒng)貴族)TheThemes3.DeathandMurderthemEmily--anlonelyoldwoman,arun-down,mysteriousoldhouse,andadeadbodyfoundinherroom.Allshowsthegothicelements(哥特式元素)ofthework.哥特式（Goth）最早是文藝復(fù)興時期被用來區(qū)分中世紀(jì)時期（公元5-15世紀(jì)）的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，以恐怖、超自然、死亡、頹廢、巫術(shù)、古堡、深淵、荊棘、黑夜、詛咒、吸血鬼等為標(biāo)志性元素。哥特式風(fēng)格用黑暗、恐懼、孤獨、絕望的藝術(shù)主題，來往于內(nèi)心世界神圣與邪惡的邊緣，描繪在愛與絕望之間的掙扎，嘶叫的痛苦和清醒。TheThemes

4.TheConflictbetweenNorthandSouthAftertheoutbreakoftheAmericancivilwar,thenewnorthernculturesweptin.Asthedescendantofafallenaristocrat,Emilyisproud,

andconservative,andevenrefusestoacceptthechanges

So,sheistherepresentativeofthesouth.ThenorthernmanHomerwastall,outgoing,sociableandenergetic.SoHomershowsnointentiontogetmarried,Emilychoosestomurdertokeepherbeloved.Theconflictbetweenthetraditionalcivilizationofthesouthandthemoderncivilizationofthenorthisobvious.TheThemesTheTechniquesEmilyisasymboloftheoldorderandoldideasoftheAmericansouth.2.Aroseisasymboloflove.

Butwecanhardlyseetheword“rose”fromthebeginningtotheendofthetext,whichcanbeinterpretedasthisactualloveforEmliyhardlyexistsinthewholestory.

Actually,theauthorplaysatrickonMissEmily.

Infact,shedoesn’treallygetanylovefromanymanwhetheritisfromherloverorherfather.ShethinksthatshecanstaywithHomerforeverbypoisoninghimtodeathandpossessinghisbody,butitisjustDeathbutnotloveshepossesses.Fromthestory,wecanseeMissEmilywasdenied(被剝奪)love,so,inthissense,thetitlehasanironicmeaning.

3.ThedeadcharacterEmily'sdeathsymbolizedthedisappearanceofoldsoutherntraditions,valuesandwaysoflife.HerservantTobe‘sdisappearancealsohasastrongsymbolicmeaning----thecollapseofslavery.(奴隸制瓦解)Hisname"Tobe"alsohasaprofoundmeaning."tobe"meansthattheownerexistsandhealsoexists."Nottobe",theownerisnot,healsoquietlyleft.TheTechniques4.Emily’sHouseThewholestoryissetinEmily’shouse.Herhouseisdepictedasoldbutgrand.Seenfromtheoutside,thehouseisreallyoutdatedjustastheSouth’soldvaluesareoutofplaceinachangingsociety.Itisnotinaccordwithotherresidentialbuildings（住宅建筑群）—it’sreallyaneyesore.ThehouseperfectlymirrorsEmily’sisolationfromtheoutsideworld.TheTechniquesFromtheinnerdecorationofherhouse,everythingiscoveredwithdustandtheairishumid.ThewholeroomspeaksthelifeEmilygoesthrough.Emily’shouse,likeEmilyherself,isamonument,theonlyremainingsymbolofadyingworldofSouthernaristocracy.TheTechniques5.Emily’swatchThewatchalsohasaprofoundmeaning----Emilyisfromyouthtoathewalkingdead.(行尸)TheTechniques1.WhydoyouthinktheauthorcalledhisstoryARoseforEmily?Theroseisasymboloflove.Butfromthestory,wedonotseetheword"rose",whichcanbeinterpretedasthiskindoftrueloveforEmliyisalmostnon-existentinthewholestory.Shedidnotreceiveanylovefromanyman,eitherherloverorherfather.Sothisisanironyofthetheme1.社會，宗教，父權(quán)的犧牲品2.對傳統(tǒng)的懷念3.對生活的諷刺2.Whatisthetimesequenceinthestory?

Whyisitdividedintofivesections?FlashbackThefirstpartsaysthewholetownwenttoEmily'sfuneral.ThesecondpartintroducesthememoryofEmily,aboutthehouse,aboutthefather.ThethirdpartisaboutEmily'slove.Thefourthpartisabouttheclimaxofthestory.Sheisabouttogetmarried.Thegroomismissing.Partfivejumpsstraightto74andEmilydies.社會變革的完整循環(huán)，老領(lǐng)導(dǎo)占上風(fēng)—改變沖突—年輕一代占上風(fēng)3.Whoisthenarratorandwhatishisrelationshiptothestory?WhydoesthenarratorDeliberatelyrearrangethechronologyofthestory’sevents?Howdoesthistechniqueheightenandreinforcetheatmosphere?1.Wearethenarrators.Theauthorwritesfromthelimitedperspectiveofthefirstpersonpluralandmultiplenarrativeperspectives,andwearenotsurewhoitis.Somesaythenarratoristhevoiceofthetown,perhapstheauthorhimself.2.ThefirstandlastpartsareaboutEmily'sdeath,andthemiddlepartisaboutEmily'slife.Thebeginningandtheend.Atthesametim