unit6Whenwasitinvented?SectionAPeriod3(GrammarFocus---4c)GrammarFocusWhenwasthecarinvented?Itwasinventedin1885.Whenwereelectricslippersinvented?Theywereinventedlastyear.Whoweretheyinventedby?TheywereinventedbyJulieThompson.Whataretheyusedfor?They’reusedforseeinginthedark.被動語態(PassiveVoice)結構:be+V-p.p.was/were+動詞的過去分詞

一般過去時的被動語態:Thenaughtyboy

broke

thewindowyesterday.(主動語態)Thewindow

wasbroken

(bythenaughtyboy)yesterday.

We

bought

somebooks.

主動句與被動句之間的轉換Somebooks

werebought(byus)

主語謂語動詞主動語態的過去式賓語主語謂語動詞被動語態的過去分詞介詞+賓語主動句變為被動句所遵循的4個步驟：1.把原主動句中的賓語變為被動句的主語。2.把動詞變為被動形式即be+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態則保持不變。3.原主動句的主語如需要則放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現（注代詞的賓格），如不需要則可省略。4.其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。被動語態的幾種句型1肯定句主語+be+過去分詞+(by…)Asweetsongwassungbyheronthestage.2否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞+(by…)3一般疑問句Be+主語+過去分詞+(by…)?Asweetsongwasn’tsungbyheronthestage.Wasasweetsongsungbyheronthestage?4特殊疑問句疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by…)?Wherewasasweetsongsungbyher?一般講，被動語態可用于英語的各種時態。為了能準確地運用被動語態，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態變化。各種時態的被動語態舉例如下：

1、一般現在時的被動語態：am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.ThiscarismadeinChina.

2、一般過去式的被動語態:was/were+動詞的過去分詞

Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow.

Thestationwasbuiltin1928.

3、現在進行時的被動語態:am/is/are+being+動詞的過去分詞

Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Someriversarebeingpollutedinthisarea.

4、過去進行時的被動語態:was/were+being+動詞的過去分詞

Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.

SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenatthistimelastyear.5、一般將來時的被動語態:

(A)will/shall+be+動詞的過去分詞

(B)am/is/are+goingtobe+動詞的過去分詞.Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.

Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.

6、現在完成時的被動語態:have/has+been+動詞的過去分詞

Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.

7、含情態動詞的被動式：can/may/must+be+done

Hecannotbefound.Imustbepaidforthis.

不能用于被動語態的幾種動詞：1.不及物動詞不能用于被動語態。如：die,happen,takeplace等。

Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.

這場事故是昨天下午發生的。2.感官動詞、半聯系動詞無被動語態（“keep”除外）：如：appear,e,feel,get,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste等。

Itsoundsgood.聽起來很不錯。3.有些動詞用主動形式表達被動意義。

Thispenwriteswell.這支筆很好寫。在用于被動結構時，有些動詞可以帶雙賓語。在這種情況下，主動結構中的間接賓語變為主語時，直接賓語仍然保留在謂語后面；直接賓語變為主語時，間接賓語前通常加上介詞for/to,etc.。1)Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday.→Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.2)Weoftenhearhimplayguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar.→Itisoftenheardfromhimtoplayguitar.注意Rewritethesentencesusingpassivevoice.Completethesentences.wereinvitedwerebroughtwaslockedrangwere