英語中的表語最新文檔(可以直接使用，可編輯最新文檔，歡迎下載）

表語英語中的表語最新文檔(可以直接使用，可編輯最新文檔，歡迎下載）（1）表語是用來說明主語的特征、狀態等，補充說明主語的意義，因此，它也叫作主語補語。表語一般用在連系動詞后面，連系動詞除了be之外，還有become（成為）、look（看起來）、turn（變成）、go（變成）、seem（似乎）、appear（似乎、顯得）、feel（摸起來）、sound（聽起來）、smell（聞起來）等等。可做表語的有:形容詞、代詞、名詞、分詞、動名詞、數詞、介詞短語或副詞和從句：例如：Wearestudents.Heisveryclever.（2）英語表語中一般與連系動詞構成系表結構，常用的連系動詞有：be(am/is/are;was/were),look,feel,smell,sound,taste,seem，go,appear,keep,remain,become,get,grow,turn等。表語在句中的位置大致有兩種：正常位置（位于連系動詞之后）和倒裝位置（位于句首）。1.正常位置：在系表結構中表語放在連系動詞之后。eg:Hebecameveryinterestedinscience.Hisfaceturnedred.Therubbishdumpsmellsterrible.2.倒裝位置：有時出于句法或修辭的要求而將表語提到句首。主要有以下四種表語前置的情況：（1）在由what,how引導的感嘆句中。eg:Whatfunitistojumpinapoolorgoswimminginariverinsummer!（2）在由as引導的讓步狀語從句中。eg:Proudasthesenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.（3）為了強調表語。eg:Infrontofthehousewasatalltree.（4）為了使句子結構平衡，將較長的主語放在句末，而將較短的表語提到句首。eg:Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.表語的細說表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質、品性、特征和狀態的，表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的-ing、從句來充當，它常位于系動詞（be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞）之后。如果句子的表語也是由一個句子充當的,那么這個充當表語的句子就叫做表語從句。一、什么是表語（predicative）在形式上，位于系動詞后的就是表語。從含義上講，表語是回答主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的語法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表語就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修飾的是主語。表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質、品性、特征和狀態的。表語須和連系動詞一起構成句子的復合謂語。表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的-ing、從句來充當，它常位于連系動詞（be,become,appear,seem等）之后。AlbertEinsteinwasafamousprofessorofphysics.阿爾伯特.愛因斯坦是一位有名的物理學家。二、不定式、動名詞與分詞作表語的區別不定式和動名詞作表語相當于一個名詞作表語，含義是回答主語“是什么”；分詞作表語相當于形容詞作表語，含義是回答主語“怎么樣”。1.Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.我們的計劃是讓這件事成為秘密。（主語和表語是相等的）2.Thisbeautifulvillageremainsunknowntotherestoftheworld.這個美麗的村莊仍未外界所知。（主語和表語是不相等的）三、不定式和動名詞作表語的區別不定式和動名詞作表語雖都是用于回答主語“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些區別。不定式作表語強調的是一次性、具體的、將要發生的動作；動名詞作表語強調的是一語法知識書籍般性、抽象的、經常發生的動作。Hisjobistopaintthewalls.他的工作是粉刷這些墻四、現在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區別現在分詞和過去分詞作表語都是用于回答主語“怎么樣”的。現在分詞說明主語的特征，過去分詞說明主語的狀態。1.Thisdogisfrightening.這條狗讓人害怕。（說明狗的特征）2.Thisdogisfrightened.這條狗有些害怕。（說明狗的狀態）五、不定式作表語和不定式表示將來時的區別不定式作表語用于說明主語“是什么”，和主語之間是可以劃等號的，不定式用來表示將來時態時，表示主語即將要執行的動作，和主語之間是不能劃等號的。Whathewantedtosuggestistocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.他想建議的是降價促銷。六、-ing動詞作表語和-ing動詞用于進行時的區別動名詞作表語說明主語“是什么”，現在分詞作表語說明主語是特征。-ing動詞用于正在進行時時，說明主語正在執行的動作。Sheistakingcareofthechildren.她在照料小孩。（說明她正在執行的動作）七、過去分詞作表語和過去分詞用于被動語態的區別過去分詞作表語說明主語所處的狀態，過去分詞用于被動語態說明主語所承受的動作。1.Thecupisbroken.杯子碎了。（說明杯子是狀態）2.ThecupwasbrokenbyPeter.杯子是被彼得打壞的。（說明杯子承受的動作—被打壞了）例子：一.名詞作表語Africaisabigcontinent.非洲是個大洲。Thatremainsapuzzletome.這對我還是個難題。二.代詞作表語What’syourfaxnumber?你的號是多少？Who'syourbestfriend?你最好的朋友是誰？三.形容詞作表語Ifeelmuchbettertoday.我今天感覺好多了。四.數詞作表語Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.她是第一個知道的人。五.不定式或ing形式作表語Herjobissellingcomputers.她的工作是銷售電腦。Ournextstepwastogetrawmaterialsready.我們下一步是把原料準備好。六.介詞短語作表語Thepatientisoutofdanger.病人脫險了。Idon’tfeelatease.我感到不自在。七.副詞作表語Thesunisup.太陽升起來了。Imustbeoffnow.現在我得走了。八.從句作表語Thisiswhathesaid.這就是他所說的話。九、不定式作表語作表語的不定式短語通常是說明主語的內容，這時主語通常是如下名詞：hope,idea,job,plan,wish,aim,purpose,thing,businessThepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.新技術的目的是使生活更便利，而不是更繁瑣。Herwishistobecomeasinger.她的愿望是當一名歌手。Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.我們的計劃就是在兩星期內完成這項工作。十。形容詞作表語Heisoldbutheishealthy。赤峰市華夏職業學校表格教案(一)that,what,who,when,whether,等引導的表語從句及注意的問題learning、discussing、summarizing、practicingMultimedia教學步驟及時間分配在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動詞的后面。表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。1、由從屬連詞that引導的表語從句Thefactisthathedoesn’treallytry.（努力）ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.引導表語從句的that通常不省略，但在口語或非正式文體中有時也可省略：Thetroubleis(that)heisill.糟糕的是他病了。2、由連詞whether引導Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.問題是這部電影是否值得看。【注意】whether可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。GreetingsAskquestionsEnlightentheStudentstoanswerquestionsGreetingsListencarefullyLookatthescreenThinkoverandanswerquestions啟發引導原則赤峰市華夏職業學校表格教案(二)教學步驟及時間分配3.由連接代詞引導YouarenotwhoIthoughtyouwere.你已不是我過去所想像的人。Thequestioniswho(m)weshouldtrust.問題是我們應當相信誰。WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.我想知道的是我們應走哪條路。4.由連接副詞引導Theproblemishowwecanfindhim.問題是我們如何找到他。ThatwaswhenIwasfifteen.這是我15歲時發生的事。That’swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。That’swhyhedidn’tcome.這就是他沒有來的緣故。5.由關系代詞型what引導That’swhatIwanttostress.這是我想強調的。Heisnolongerwhathewas.他已經不是以前的他了。6.由asif/asthough引導Itisn’tasifyouweregoingawayforever.又不是你離開不回來了。NowitwasasthoughshehadknownMillieforyears.現在好像她認識米莉已有好多年了似的。因材施教原則循序漸進原則邊講邊練原則赤峰市華夏職業學校表格教案(三)教學步驟及時間分配Step(4)practiceStep(5)SummingupStep(6)Homework7.由because引導ItisbecauseIloveyoutoomuch.那是因為我太愛你了。That’sbecauseyoucan’tappreciatemusic.這是因為你不能欣賞音樂。IfI’mabitsleepy,it’sbecauseIwasupallnight.如果我有點困，是因為一夜沒睡。It'sbecauseIpassedaslipofpaperforJohntoHeleninclass.這是因為我在上課中替約翰傳紙條給海倫。【注意】because可引導表語從句，但與之同義的since,as,for等也不用于引導表語從句。（三）注意的問題練習題Givethemseveralminutestodotheexercises.checkanswers…ThinkoverAnswerquestionsDopractice.因材施教復習鞏固Step(3)ExplainlanguagepointsStep(4)Practice表語從句練習1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere4．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whythat/what的區別1．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat3.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere4.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe5.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…whatD.That…what6.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such高考練習1—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff？（NMET1999）A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.（1998上海）A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.（06全國）A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?(2003北京春)---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.（2004湖北）A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich答案DBACCACDDCCBthat/what的區別DBAAAC高考練習ABDAA定語從句專項練習題1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen答案DBACCACDDCCBthat/what的區別DBAAAC高考練習ABDAA參考答案及解析1.A.which用作關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2．C."和誰講話”要說speaktosb.本題全句應為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是關系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，可以省略。3.D.where是關系副詞，表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。4.C.when是關系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。5．A.which是關系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其他幾個答案都不能作賓語。6．C.解析同第5題。7.A.解析見第3題。8.A.本句話的先行詞應該是films,因此，關系代詞that是負數概念，其謂語動詞應用復述的被動語態havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則theone應該視為先行詞。9.A.“談到某事物”應說talkaboutsth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語，不能用that。10.A.withwhich是"介詞+關系代詞"結構,常用來引導定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定語從句中作狀語,即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句中作狀語.12.D.withwhom引導定語從句.withwhom放在從句中即為:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13.D.whose引導定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.14.A.that引導定語從句,因為先行詞是all,所以只能選用that引導.15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引導定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引導定語從句時,可以作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17.B.as作關系代詞可以單獨用來引導非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而往往指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定語從句.withwhom放在從句中為:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引導定語從句時通常構成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數名詞時,要用sucha……..,本題中suchbooks,such直接修飾復數名詞.20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時,其關系代詞要用that.21.D.who引導非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關系代詞whom.因為,whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.24.A.whosetitle引導非限制性定語從句,whosetitle也可以說成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引導定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語befamousfor"以……..而聞名".26.C.當先行詞被such修飾時,引導定語從句的關系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語.27.A.兩個先行詞theday都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關系副詞when.第二個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語,因此要用關系代詞which或that來引導定語從句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。29.D.forwhich在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用why來替代.30.B.whichIhavelookedafter構成一個非限制性定語從句.31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成為一種固定句型，這一句中的why和that不能隨意換位，也不能將that改成because，盡管that這個詞在譯文中可能有“因為”的含義。32.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導,which表示前句話的整個含義.33.A.解釋見28題.34.D.主句中的two表明不能選A.從句中的are表明不能選B.bothofwhich用來引導非限制性定語從句.35.C.as引導定語從句時通常構成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導定語從句。as在從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語。本題中as作從句的主語.36.B.非限制性定語從句常用which引導,which表示前句話的整個含義.37.D.38.D.解析見35題.39.A.hemakes是定語從句,從句前省略了關系代詞that.40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定語從句.41.A.whathappened是賓語從句.all之后thatheknew是定語從句.先行詞是all,所以關系代詞只能用that.42.D.years是表示時間的名詞,用when引導定語從句,是因為when在從句中作時間狀語.第二個空選用which,引導一個非限制性定語從句.43.C.本句話的定語從句是whoowncars.其先行詞是people,因此,定語從句的謂語動詞要用復數的own。本句話主句的主語是Thenumberof指“…..的數目”，是單數概念。因此，主句的謂語動詞要用is。44.D.thatfollowed是定語從句，關系代詞that在從句中作主語。45.A.先行詞gas被only修飾，關系代詞要用that，而不用which。46.B.throughwhich引導定語從句，throughwhich即throughthehole,在定語從句中作狀語。What引導的是see的賓語從句，并作從句的主語。47.B.為便于理解，改寫本句話：ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不難看出，作表語的theschool是先行詞。that引導了定語從句，因為that同時又作visited的賓語，所以被省略了。其它選項結構不對。48.A.解釋見35題。49.C.因為是twoballpens,并且定語從句的謂語writes是單數概念。因此，C是正確選項。50.B.本句話中，主句的主語是all,為抽象概念。因此，其謂語應用單數的hasbeen。關系代詞that引導定語從句，并在從句中作主語。表語與表語從句I什么是系動詞：系動詞亦稱連系動詞（LinkVerb），作為系動詞，它本身有詞義,有人稱和數的變化，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語，構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質、特征等情況。說明：有些系動詞只在特定詞義下才為系動詞，因為它們可能是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語。例如：Hefellillyesterday.（fell是系動詞，后跟表語，說明主語情況。）Hefellofftheladder.（fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語）。II系動詞的種類1．狀態系動詞用來表示主語狀態，只有be一詞。例如：Heisateacher.他是一名教師。（is與表語一起說明主語的身份。）2．持續系動詞用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand。例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeetings.Thismatterremainsamystery.Sheremainedsingleforherlife.Itstayswarmtoday.Helaysickinbed.Wewillstandfirm.3.感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有look,feel,smell,sound,taste。例如：

Youlookstired.You’dbetterhavearest.Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Idecidetobuysome.Theflowersinthegardensmellverysweet,whichmakesmefeelverycomfortable.

Medicinetastesbitter,butit’sgoodtoourhealth.4.變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,make.例如Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.Heturnedteacherlater.Hefellilllastweek.Hewillmakeagoodmanager.這類系動詞只有表示變化時是系動詞，它們可以做實意動詞，表示其他意義。5．表像系動詞用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem,appear,。例如：Heseemsverysad.Heappearedunhappy.6．終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達“證明是”，“結果是"之意。例如：Therumorprovedfalse.Thesearchforthelostboyproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.III什么是表語？放在系動詞后面，構成系表結構用來說明主語的狀況、性質、特征等情況的成分被稱為表語。IV什么可以做表語：名詞，代詞,數詞,形容詞，方位副詞，介詞短語，非謂語(todo,doing,v-ed)，和表語從句Thegardenisverybeautiful.Modernpaintingsarenottomytaste.Readingandwritingaredifferentskills.Theairinthegardenwaswarmandfragrant.Mybookisoverthere.WhenIcalledhim,heisnotin.Thefactisthathedidn’tbreakthewindow.Thisfilmisveryinteresting.Mydreamistotravelaroundtheworld.TheyweredisappointedwhenItoldthemtheresult.V表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞有三類：第一類：連接詞：that（無任何詞意），whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性），它們在從句中均不充當任何成分。第二類：連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which，whichever，它們常在從句中做主語、表語、賓語或定語。第三類：連接副詞：when,where,how,why它們常在從句中做狀語。另外asif/though和because也可引導表語從句。表語從句位于連系動詞之后。其基本結構為：主語+系動詞+從句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。That’sjustwhatIwant.這正是我想要的。Thisiswhereourproblemlies.這就是我們的問題所在。Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.That’sbecausehewasill.**需要注意的是：1.當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.【注意】whether可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。例如：Theproblemiswhetherwecangetenoughmoneytofinishtheproject.2.若句子的主語是suggestion,advice,desire,order,request,demand,等表示要求、命令、建議等意義的詞，則表語從句常用“（should）+動詞原形”。例如：Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Ourdemandisthatweshouldgetwhatwedeserve.Practice1.Itmakesherworried___sheisputtingonweight.while B.that C.if D.for2.___isafactthatgreatchangesaretakingplaceinourschool. A.There B.This C.That D.It3.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where4.Doyouremember___hecame?Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar. A.how B.when C.that D.if5.Thegrandhotelhasbeencompleted,butwedon’tknow___comeintouse.A.howlongitwill B.howlongwillit C.howsoonwillit D.howsoonitwill6.Didyouseemyumbrella?Yes.It’s___youleftit. A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere7.Iremember___wehadourlessonsinashed. A.when B.which C.where D.what8.After___seemedaverylongtime,Iopenedmyeyesandfoundmyselfinbed!A.what B.when C.that D.which9.I’msohungrythatI’lleat___yougiveme. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever10.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof___sharesherinterests. A.anyone B.whomever C.whoeverD.nomatterwho11.Youcan’timagine___whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents. A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywere C.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited12.Noonecanbesure__inamillionyears. A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklike C.manwilllooklikewhat D.whatlookwillmanlike13.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike___itusedtobe. A.what B.how C.which D.that14.Ican’tmakesure___thekeytothelab. A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceput C.wherehasAliceput D.whereAlicehasput15.Hehimselfdidn’trealize____. A.whatgreatprogresswashemaking B.hewasmakingwhatgreatprogress C.whathewasmakinggreatprogress D.whatgreatprogresshewasmaking16.___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights. A.anyone B.Theperson C.Who D.Whoever17.__Iwasfreethatevening. A.Ithappenedto B.Ithappenedthat C.Thathappened D.Itishappenedthat18.Thetroubleis__weareshortofhands. Awhat B.that C.how Dwhy19.—Whataboutseeingafilm?—Thequestionis___we’llhaveenoughtime. A.that B.if C.when D.whether20.Energyis___makesthingswork. Aanything B.something C.what D.that21.Thethought___hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.which B.that C.when D.sothat22.Wewerewarned___thejourneywouldbedangerous.A.if B.whether C.how D.that23.Theyhavenoideaatall___. A.whatdoesthiswordmean B.whatthiswordmeans C.thatisthemeaningofthisword D.whatkindofameaningisthisword24.Theydidn’trealizeatthattime___. A.theyhadgotwhatausefulinvention B.thatwhatausefulinventiontheyhadgot C.whatausefulinventiontheyhadgot D.thattheyhadgotwhatainvention25.___youhaveseenbothfighters,___willwin? A.Since,doyouthinkwho B.When,whoever C.As,whoyouthink D.Since,whodoyouthink項目管理中常用英語（轉載學習）工程項目管理常用英語工藝包processpackage工藝設計processdesign工藝發表processrelease工藝預發表initialprocessrelease工作范圍；項目任務范圍scopeofwork；projectscope工作包workpackage工作項workitem任務單項lineitem分解結構breakdownstructure工作分解結構workbreakdownstructure組織分解機構organizationalbreakdownstructure項目大項工作分解結構projectsummaryworkbreakdownstructure承包商標準工作分解結構；工程公司標準工作分解結構contractor'sstandardworkbreakdownstructure責任分工矩陣responsibilityassignmentmatrix風險risk風險分析riskanalysis風險備忘錄riskmemorandum公司本部homeoffice公司本部服務homeofficeservice公用工程utility計劃plan項目計劃projectplan（項目）設計計劃(project)engineeringplan（項目)采購計劃(project)procurementplan（項目）施工計劃(project）constructionplan（項目)開車計劃（project)start—upplan專利patent專利權patentright產權技術proprietarytechnology專利技術licensedtechnology專有技術;技術訣竅know—how許可證license專利商;許可方licensor受許可放；受讓方licensee(技術）轉讓費;提成費royalty許可證費licensefee專有技術費know-howfee專業discipline工藝processdesign;processengineering系統systemsengineering設備equipmentengineering布置plantlayoutengineering管道設計pipingdesign管道機械pipingmechanicalengineering儀表instrumentsengineering電氣electricalengineering建筑architecturalengineering土建civilengineering開車start-up試車commissioning投料試車start—up;testrun；initialoperations性能考核，生產考核performancetestrun；performanceguaranteetests用戶驗收clientacceptance支付條件；付款條件termsofpayment；conditionsofpayment;termsandconditionsofpayment預付款advancepayment；downpayment按實物進度付款progresspayment按日工程進度付款schedulepayment保留金；扣留款retentionmoney最終付款finalpayment代碼；編碼code;number組碼groupcode標準分類記帳碼；記帳碼standardclassificationofaccountnumbers［SCAN］;accountcodes;codeofaccounts可編碼variablecode；optionalvariablecode通用型活動碼genericactivitytype(numbers）[GAT]不可預見費contingency發表issue；release匯票billofexchange;draft議付匯票billfornegotiation業主owner用戶；客戶client設計；工程設計design；engineering設計階段engineeringphase工藝設計階段processdesignphase基礎工程設計階段basicengineeringphase分析設計階段analyticalengineeringphase平面設計階段planningengineeringphase詳細工程設計階段detailedengineeringphase；finalengineeringphase;productionengineeringphase會議meeting開工會議kick—offmeeting報價開工會議proposalkick—offmeeting用戶開工會議clientkick-offmeeting項目開工會議projectkick-offmeeting設計開工會議projectkick—offmeeting施工動員會議constructionmobilizationmeeting審核會reviewmeeting合同;承包contract合同生效日期effectivedateofthecontract合同終止terminationofcontract合同失效frustrationofcontract總價合同lump-sumcontract［L-S］(固定)單價合同（fixed）unitpricecontract償付合同;成本加抽筋合同(cost)reimbursablecontract；cost-plus（fee）contract[C—P]成本加固定酬金合同costplusfixedfeecontract［CPFF]成本加浮動酬金合同costplusfluctuatingfeecontract；costplusslidingscalefeecontract目標成本加獎罰合同（target）costplusfeecontract,withbonusorpenaltyconditions限定最高價償付合同;限定最高成本加抽筋合同reimbursableguaranteedmaximumpricecontract［RGMP］；guaranteemaximumcostplusfeecontract承包商contractor分包商subcontractor合營企業jointventure[JV］交貨delivery交貨日期deliverydate；dateofdelivery交貨周期leadtime交貨到現場deliverytojob-site交貨單deliverynote提貨單deliveryorder提單billoflading交貨條件deliveryterms離岸價freeonboard［FOB］鐵路交貨(價）;敞車上交貨(價）freeonrail［FOR];freeontruck［FOT]成本加運費（價)costandfreight[CFR］or［C&F]到岸價costinsuranceandfreight；costinsurancefreight［CIF］船邊交貨(價)freealongsideship［FAS］貨交承運人(價)freecarrier［FCA]工廠交貨（價)exworks[EXW］估算；費用估算estimate’costestimate估算方法類別typesofestimate詳細估算(發）detailedestimate；definedestimate設備詳細估算(發）;確切估算(發)definedequipmentestimate；definitiveestimate設備估算equipmentestimate分析估算analysisestimate報價估算proposalestimate控制估算controlestimate初期控制估算interimcontrolestimate;initialcontrolestimate［ICE]批準的控制估算initialapprovedcost［IAC］核定估算checkestimate首次核定估算firstcheckestimate［FCE］二次核定估算productioncheckestimate[PCE]人工時估算man-h