(2019)人教版選擇性必修三Unit4AdversityandCourage知識清單Unit4AdversityandCourageUnit4重要詞形變化1.qualifiedadj.符合資格;具備……的知識(或技能、學歷等)→qualifyvt.(使)具有資格;(使)合格→qualificationn.資格;資歷;資格證書2.enthusiasticadj.熱情的;熱心的→enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地→enthusiasmn.熱情;熱忱3.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飛機、公共汽車等)→boardv.上船(或火車、飛機、公共汽車等);寄宿n.木板;董事會;伙食4.assignvt.分派;布置;分配→assignmentn.任務;作業;分配5.envyn.&vt.羨慕;妒忌→enviousadj.嫉妒的;羨慕的6.perseverancen.毅力;韌性;不屈不撓的精神→perseverevi.堅持;孜孜以求7.resolvevi.&vt.決定;決心;解決(問題或困難)n.決心;堅定的信念→resolutionn.決議;解決;堅定8.crueladj.殘酷的;殘忍的;冷酷的→cruellyadv.殘忍地;殘酷地→crueltyn.殘忍;殘酷9.unfortunatelyadv.不幸地;遺憾地→fortunatelyadv.幸運地→fortunen.運氣;財產10.guidancen.指導;引導;導航→guiden.導游;指南vt.帶領;引導;為……領路11.advertisingn.廣告活動;廣告業→advertisevt.&vi.公布;宣傳;做廣告→advertisementn.廣告;宣傳12.corporateadj.公司的;法人的;社團的→corporationn.(大)公司;法人13.commitmentn.承諾;保證;奉獻→commitvt.犯(錯誤、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)承擔義務;(使)作出保證→committedadj.盡心盡力的;堅定的重點詞匯1.adversityn.困境;逆境2.expeditionn.探險;遠征;探險隊3.endurancen.忍耐力;耐久力4.crushvt.毀壞;壓壞;壓碎n.擁擠的人群5.miserableadj.痛苦;令人難受的6.voyagen.&vi.航海;航行7.cosyadj.溫馨的;舒適的8.selfishadj.自私的9.good/bad-temperedadj.脾氣好的/壞的10.rugbyn.橄欖球運動11.roughadj.洶涌的;粗糙的;粗略的12.navigatorn.領航員;(飛機、船舶等上的)航行者13.Confucianismn.孔子學說;儒家(學說)14.wagen.工資15.bitteradj.嚴寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的16.vigourn.精力;力量;活力17.sinkvi.沉沒;下沉;下降vt.使下沉;使沉沒18abandonvt.舍棄;拋棄;放棄19.decentadj.相當不錯的;正派的;得體的20.genuineadj.真正的;真誠的;可信賴的21.crewn.(輪船、飛機等上面的)全體工作人員;專業團隊;一群人22.thoroughadj.深入的;徹底的;細致的23.furnituren.家具24.motiven.動機;原因;目的25.batn.球拍;蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板擊球;揮打;拍打26.dampadj.潮濕的;濕氣重的27.recreationn.娛樂;消遣;游戲28.loyaladj.忠誠的;忠實的重點詞組1.turnsb.down拒絕(某人)2.makefire生火3.giveoff放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)4.keepone’sspiritsup保持某人高昂的情緒5.cheersb.up使某人振作起來6.beboredwith...對……厭倦的7.paidsb.back回報某人8.be/becomestuckin困住;陷于9.beenthusiasticabout...對……熱情10.holdon堅持住;等一下;別掛斷重點句型1Wehavebeenstrugglingfordays，butthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.這些天我們一直在掙扎，但是大象島上的情況變得更糟了。2.Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccessaslongasyoupersevere.只要你堅持，你最終會成功。3.Whatiftheyweredelayed?如果他們被延誤了怎么辦?4.Ifitweren’tforseaanimals，wewouldallstarve.要是沒有海上的動物，我們都會餓死的。重點語法Grammar現在完成進行時寫作指導人物描寫一、單詞拓展詞性轉換1.adversityn.困境；逆境→_______adj.不利的；有害的；反面的（SYNnegative）2.endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力→_______vt.容忍；忍耐（SYNbear，stand，tolerate，putupwith）3.vigour[NAmEvigor]n.精力；力量；活力(SYNenergy）→_______adj.精力充沛的；充滿活力的（SYNenergetic)4.qualifiedadj.符合資格；具備……的知識(或技能、學歷等）→_______n.(通過考試或學習課程取得的)資格；學歷→_______vt.&vi.（使)具備資格；(使)合格5.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→_______adv.熱情地；熱心地→_______n.熱心者；愛好者；熱情支持者→_______n.熱情；熱心；熱忱6.assignvt.分派；布置；分配→_______n.工作；任務；作業；分派；布置7.stewardn.（輪船、飛機或火車上的）乘務員；服務員→_______n.女乘務員；空姐8.envyn.&vt.羨慕；妒忌(SYNjealousy)→_______adj.羨慕的；嫉妒的(SYNjealous)9.abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄→_______adj.被拋棄的；（人/行為）放縱的；墮落的10.miserableadj.感到痛苦的；令人難受的；脾氣差的；少的可憐的→_______adv.痛苦地；令人難受地詞性轉換11.voyagen.&vi.航海；航行→_______n.航行者；尤指遠航探險者12.decentadj.相當不錯的；正派的；得體的→_______adv.相當不錯地；正派地；得體地13.selfishadj.自私的→_______adj.無私的14.good/bad-temperedadj.脾氣好的／壞的→_______n.脾氣；火氣15.genuineadj.真正的；真誠的；可信賴的→_______adv.真正地；真誠地16.perseverancen.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神→_______vi.堅持；孜孜以求17.resolvevi.&vt.決定，決心(SYNdecide,determine)；解決(問題或困難)(SYNsettle)n.決心；堅定的信念(SYNdetermination)→_______n.決議；解決；堅定→_______adj.堅決的；有決心的(SYNdetermined)18.crueladj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的→_______n.殘忍；殘酷19.thoroughadj.深入的；徹底的；細致的→_______adv.深入地；徹底地；細致地20.furnituren.家具→_______v.在(房屋等)處布置家具→_______adj.(房屋，房間等)配備家具的詞性轉換21.unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遺憾地→_______adj.不幸的→_______adj.幸運的→_______adv.幸運地→_______n.機會；運氣；大筆的錢；巨款22.recreationn.娛樂；消遣；游戲(SYNentertainment;hobby;amusement;pastime)→_______adj.娛樂的；消遣的23.guidancen.指導；引導；導航→_______n.指南；手冊；導游；向導v.指路；指導→_______adj.有導游的；有向導的24.advertisingn.廣告活動；廣告業→_______vt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告→_______(縮寫ad.)n.廣告；啟事25.corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社團的→_______n.(縮寫Corp.)公司；法人；法人團體26.roughadj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_______adv.粗略地；大致地27.navigatorn.領航員；(飛機、船舶等上的)航行者→_______v.領航；航行；導航28.loyaladj.忠誠的；忠實的(SYNdevoted;faithful)→_______adj.不忠誠的；不忠實的→_______n.忠誠；忠實29.commitmentn.承諾；保證；奉獻→_______vt.承諾；保證(某個人；機構等)；vi.忠于；全心全意投入→_______adj.盡心盡力的；堅定的；堅信的30.motiven.動機；原因；目的→_______vt.成為......的動機；激發；激勵→_______adj.積極的；主動的→_______n.動力；積極性；動機31.Confucianismn.孔子學說；儒家(學說)→_______adj.儒家的；儒學的；孔子學說的→_______n.孔子二、重點詞匯重點詞匯1enthusiasticadj.熱情的;熱心的先練基礎——單句語法填空32.Heisselfishandbad-tempered.Thus,hewillneverbeenthusiastic__________helpingthoseintrouble.(用適當的詞填空)33.Whileheisleadingamiserablelife,hestillcantreatpeoplearoundhimwith__________(enthusiastic).(所給詞的適當形式填空)?beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.對(做)……熱情?enthusiasmn.熱情;熱忱lack/befullofenthusiasm缺乏/充滿熱情withenthusiasm熱情地?enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地;熱心地再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(3)我不僅熱情而且容易相處，這使得我適合報紙上所刊登的志愿者工作。Iamnotonlyenthusiasticbutalsoeasytogetalongwith，whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.(4)盡管失敗了幾次，伯納德和杰克仍然熱情地做爆米花。(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續寫)BernardandJackstillmadepopcornenthusiastically/withenthusiasminspiteofseveralfailures.重點詞匯2aboardadv.&prep.上船、飛機、公共汽車等?goaboard上船(飛機、火車等)?boardvt.&vi.上船(或火車、飛機、公共汽車等)n.木板;董事會;伙食onboard在船(火車或飛機)上?broadadj.寬闊的;廣闊的?abroadadv.在/到國外;在/到海外goabroad出國能力提升——完美寫作·完成句子/一句多譯·背誦(1)他高個，寬肩，留著胡子，總是滿面微笑。(讀后續寫之外貌描寫)Hewastallwithbroadshouldersandabeardandalwaysworeabroadsmile.(2)得知你將去國外深造，我寫信告知你一些必要的注意事項。(應用文之告知信)Learningthatyouwillgoabroadforfurtherstudy，I’mwritingtoinformyouofsomenecessarydo’sanddon’ts.(3)這對年輕夫婦一上船，他們就吃東西，說話，大笑著，好像他們是這世界上僅存的人。①Theinstanttheyoungcouplewentaboardtheship，theywereeating，talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld(aboard)②Theinstanttheyoungcoupleboardedtheship，theywereeating，talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.(board)重點詞匯3envyn.&vt.羨慕;嫉妒先練基礎——單句語法填空34.Iwasgreen__________envyfromthebottomofmyheartbecausehewasleadingacosyanddecentlife.(用適當的詞填空)35.I__________(envy)himbeingenthusiasticandfullofvigouranditseemedthatheneverfeltexhausted.(所給詞的適當形式填空)?envysb.(doing)sth.羨慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事?withenvy羨慕地;嫉妒地greenwithenvy嫉妒地眼紅再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(3)老實說，我真羨慕你獲得了優秀畢業生的稱號，我應該向你學習。Honestlyspeaking，IdoenvyyougettingthetitleoftheExcellentGraduateandIshouldfollowyourexample.(4)李明不僅學得快，而且善于用邏輯思維解決難題，我都有點眼紅了。NotonlyisLiMingquickatlearningbutalsoheisgoodatsolvingtoughproblemswithlogicalmind.Iamgreenwithenvy.重點詞匯4abandonvt.舍棄;拋棄;放棄n.放任;放縱先練基礎——單句語法填空36.Heabandoned__________(ask)forhisguidance,whichwasbeyondourexpectations.(所給詞的適當形式填空)37.Mynephewabandonedhimselfto__________(abuse)drugsandhecouldn’tmakeacommitmenttohisstudy.(所給詞的適當形式填空)?abandononeselfto(doing)sth.沉湎于(做)……;縱情于(做)……abandondoingsth.放棄做某事?abandonedadj.被遺棄的;放縱的beabandonedto(doing)sth.沉湎于(做)……再提能力——完美寫作·句式升級·背誦(3)(普通表達)Iabandonedmyselftocomputergames.Iperformedextremelybadlyintheend-of-termexamination.①(高級表達)Abandoningmyselftocomputergames，Iperformedextremelybadlyintheend-of-termexamination.(用現在分詞短語作狀語改寫)②(高級表達)Abandonedtocomputergames，Iperformedextremelybadlyintheend-of-termexamination.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)重點詞匯5resolvevi.&vt.決定;決心;解決(問題或困難)n.決心;堅定的信念先練基礎——單句語法填空38.Iresolved__________(turn)downhisinvitationbecausemyteacherassignedtoomuchhomework.(所給詞的適當形式填空)39.Thestewardhas__________(resolve)manyproblemsontheplaneperfectly,soheiscertainlyqualifiedforhisjob.(所給詞的適當形式填空)?resolvetodosth.決定做某事?resolutionn.決定;解決再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(3)文化遺產代表我們祖先的智慧，因此我們國家決定不遺余力地保護它們。(寫作話題之文化遺產與保護)Culturalrelicsrepresentthewisdomofourancestors，soourcountryhasresolvedtosparenoefforttoprotectthem.(4)為了解決沖突，我們應該學會多溝通，把自己放在別人的位置上。(寫作話題之人際溝通)Toresolveconflicts，weshouldlearntocommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.重點詞匯6unfortunatelyadv.不幸地;遺憾地先練基礎——單句語法填空40.__________(unfortunate)，Istillfailedinspiteofenduranceandperseverance.(所給詞的適當形式填空)41.__________(fortunate),Imanagedtojointhenavyandwentonavoyagetwomonthslater.(所給詞的適當形式填空)?unfortunateadj.不幸的?fortunateadj.幸運的befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.有幸做某事?fortunatelyadv.幸運地?fortunen.機遇;運氣;財富havethegoodfortunetodosth.有幸做某事makeafortune發財;發跡再提能力——完美寫作·一句多譯·背誦(3)我有幸得到一次沿絲綢之路旅行的寶貴機會。①Iamfortunatetoget/ingettingapreciousopportunitytotravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortunate)②IhavethegoodfortunetogetapreciousopportunitytotravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortune)重點詞匯7guidancen.指導;引導;導航(1)underone’sguidance在某人的指導下provideguidance提供指導personalguidance親自指導(2)guidevt.指導;指引n.向導[佳句]IdobelieveIamsuitedforthisvoluntaryworkandcanserveasyourguide.[浙江6月，書面表達]我相信我很適合這份志愿工作，并能擔任貴公司的導游。[練透]——單句語法填空42.WhenIwasintrouble,heoffered________(guide)tomeonmycareer.(所給詞的適當形式填空)43.________(guide)bythesun,theywalkedtowardstheirdestinationthroughthewoods.(所給詞的適當形式填空)[寫美]——應用文佳句44.要是我生活在他的時代，聽從他的教導就好了！IfonlyIhadlivedinhistimesand__________________!三.重點短語短語1turnsb.down拒絕(某人)turnin上交;拐入turnout結果是;證明是;生產;制造turnover翻身;移交;轉變turnoff關掉turnto向……求助turnup出現;到場;開大;調高[佳句]Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.上周末湯姆不得不拒絕參加聚會的邀請，因為他太忙了。[練透]——用turn的相關短語填空45.He____________theforestdepartmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.(用turn的相關短語填空)46.IsincerelyhopeyourtripinChinawill____________amostunforgettableexperienceinlife.(用turn的相關短語填空)[寫美]——應用文佳句47.一些著名的中國藝術家將出席展覽并表演。SomefamousChineseartistswill________________.短語2setoff①出發動身②使…爆炸③引發，激起①出發動身vi.setoffforsomeplace動身去某地=setoutforsomeplaceIfyouwanttocatchthetrainwe’dbettersetoffforthestationimmediately.②使…爆炸vt.Peopletendtosetofffireworksduringthefestival,whichmaycauseseriouspollution.③引發，激起vt.Aletterfromhomesetoffhisfeelingsofhomesickness.句型1whatif...Whatiftheyweredelayed?如果他們被延誤了怎么辦??Whatif...?意為“要是……會怎么樣，如果……將會怎樣”，可以看作“Whatwillhappenif...?”的省略形式。?What/Howabout...?……怎么樣??What(...)for?為什么?/(……)是干什么用的??Sowhat?那又怎么樣?根據句意用下面短語填空whatifWhatforSowhatHow/Whatabout48.Igrewanxious:__________thefamilyhadsimplyleftthecatbehind?49.—Willyoupleasegoandemptythatdrawer?—__________?50.—Lindadidn’tinviteustotheparty.—__________?Idon’tcare.51.___________meetingatthenearbyrestaurantsothatwecanhaveanicesmalltalk?句型2if引導虛擬條件句Ifitweren’tforseaanimals,wewouldallstarve.如果沒有海洋動物，我們都會餓死。虛擬條件句主句與現在事實相反的假設動詞的過去式(be動詞一般用were)would/could/should/might＋動詞原形與過去事實相反的假設had＋過去分詞would/could/should/might＋have＋過去分詞與將來事實相反的假設(1)動詞的過去式(2)wereto＋動詞原形(3)should＋動詞原形would/could/should/might＋動詞原形[佳句]Iftheteachershadn’tgivenmeahand，Iwouldn’thavemadefriendswithmyclassmates.如果老師們沒有幫助我，我就不會和我的同學交朋友了。[練透]——單句語法填空52.Ifmybrotherwerehere,everything__________(be)allright.(所給詞的適當形式填空)53.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey________(drive)afewmorekilometers.(所給詞的適當形式填空)54.Ifit__________(rain)thisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.(所給詞的適當形式填空)[寫美]——應用文佳句55.如果我是一名環衛工人，我會讓我們的城市更干凈，街上沒有任何垃圾。__________________withnorubbishlyingonthestreet.重點語法Grammar現在完成進行時【觀察例句】1.PeoplehavebeenenjoyingthebenefitsofcyclinginAmsterdamforyears.2.Manypeoplearoundtheworldhavebeenenjoyingcitycentrestreetswithoutcarsformanyyears.3.Hehasbeenfightingwithafriend.4.Ihavebeenlookingforajobforthreemonths.5IhavebeenwritinglettersallthiseveningandI’vejustfinishedthem.6.Youhaven’tbeendoingyourhomeworkthosedays.【歸納用法】一、意義現在完成進行時表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直持續到現在，可能還要繼續進行下去。二、構成肯定形式：have/has＋beendoing(第三人稱單數用has，其他人稱用have)Ihavebeenwaitingforyou.我一直在等你。否定形式：have/has＋not＋beendoingHehasn’tbeenusingthecarforthelasttwomonths.過去兩個月他一直沒用車。三、用法1.表示動作從過去某時開始一直持續到說話時還在進行，或可能還要繼續下去。通常和“for＋時間段”或“since＋時間點(或從句)”的時間狀語連用。Ithasbeensnowingforthreehours.雪已經下了三個小時了。(從過去某一時間開始下雪，強調到現在還在下)2.表示不久前剛剛結束的動作。這種意義通常根據上下文來判斷。Hereyesarered.It’sobviousthatshehasbeencryingforalongtime.她的眼睛紅紅的，顯然哭了很長時間。3.強調動作延續時間的長久或帶感情色彩。Shehasalwaysbeenworkinghard.她工作一直很努力。4.表示這段時間反復發生的事情。IhavebeenvisitingsomecitiesofChinathismonth.這個月我一直在參觀中國的一些城市。[名師點津]不能用于進行時的動詞如表示心理活動、屬性擁有、表象感官、行為結果的動詞不用于現在完成進行時。我已經感冒兩周了。Ihavebeenhavingacoldfortwoweeks.(×)Ihavehadacoldfortwoweeks.(√)[即學即練]單句語法填空56.They________(build)thebridgefortwomonths.(所給詞的適當形式填空)57.He________(play)basketballsincehewasten.(所給詞的適當形式填空)Ⅰ.單句語法填空58.TheChinesegovernment________(do)researchintovaccine(疫苗)againstAfricanSwineFeverformonths,recentlymanyhavereceivedthefirstdoses.(所給詞的適當形式填空)59.Thedollar________(climb)steadilyallweek.(所給詞的適當形式填空)60.I________(wait)foranhourandahalf.(所給詞的適當形式填空)61.Sheisverytired.She________(work)allmorning.(所給詞的適當形式填空)62.Jim________(phone)Jennyeverynightforthepastweek.(所給詞的適當形式填空)63.They________(build)thebridgefortwomonths.(所給詞的適當形式填空)64.Thetelephone________(ring)intheofficeallthemorning.(所給詞的適當形式填空)65.Inthepastfewyears，he________(deal)withafewinternationalcompanies.(所給詞的適當形式填空)66.Sheistired.She________(type)lettersalltheafternoon.(所給詞的適當形式填空)67.He________(write)aletterthismorningandsentittohisfriend.(所給詞的適當形式填空)人物描寫本單元寫作項目是描述一個有毅力的人物，屬于人物描寫的寫作范疇。[基本框架]1.開頭(beginning)——總體介紹2.主體(body)——詳細介紹3.結尾(ending)——簡要總結[常用詞塊]1.bekeenon喜歡……2.adapthimselfto...使自己適應……3.havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難4.beeager/thirty/dyingtodosth.渴望做某事5.gainreputationfor獲得……榮譽6.haveatalent/giftfor...有……天賦[經典句型]精彩開頭1.AllanStewart，ofAustraliannati