兒童體格生長發(fā)育兒童體格生長發(fā)育1年齡分期l.生長發(fā)育的指標(biāo).影響生長發(fā)育的因素年齡分期2Agegroup年齡分期Humandevelopmentprogressesthroughasequenceofevents,theselandmarksshouldoccuratapproximatelythesameage.Itiseasiertograspdevelopmentbyfocusingonspecifickeyagegroup兒童的生長發(fā)育既循序漸進(jìn)又有階段性,某些里程碑式的事件應(yīng)在某一年齡岀注意關(guān)鍵年齡段更易于把握生長規(guī)律。Agegroup年齡分期3hefetalperiod胎兒期40周Themostdramaticeventsingrowthanddevelopmentoccurbeforebirth.Thetransformationofasinglecellintoaninfant生長發(fā)育過程中最令人激動的事件發(fā)生在出生前:單個細(xì)胞發(fā)育成胎兒。hefetalperiod胎兒期40周4Embryonicperiod&wkTherudimentsofallmajororgansystemshavedeveloped.weight:9g,length:5cm胚胎期8周各主要器官系統(tǒng)雛形初現(xiàn)。重量:9克,長度:5厘米。Embryonicperiod&wkTherudim5Fetalperiod:9-40wkIncreaseincellnumberandsize,structuralremodelingofseveralorgansystems.Duringthethirdtrimester,weighttriplesandlengthdoubles.Termweight:3250g,length:50cm.胎兒期940周細(xì)胞數(shù)量與體積增加,器官系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)重組,孕晩期發(fā)育迅速:體重增加3倍,身長增加2稻孕未期俸重平均3250克,身長50厘米Fetalperiod:9-40wkIncrease6neonatalperiod4wk新生兒期Adaptationtoextrauterineliferequiresrapidandprofoundphysiologicchanges,includingaerationofthelungs,reroutingofthecirculation,andactivationoftheintestinaltract.Toobtainnourishmenttoavoidhypothermiaorhyperthermia,andtoensuresafety,neonatesmustreactappropriatelytoanexpandedrangeofsensorystimuli適應(yīng)宮外生活時,新生兒在生理上需要經(jīng)歷快速深刻的家化為長東連全,新生兒需要對紛繁的外界刺激做出適當(dāng)?shù)挠褖簄eonatalperiod4wk新生兒期7Anewborn'sweightmaydecrease10%belowbirthweightinthe1stwkasaresultofexcretionofexcessextravascularfluidandpossiblypoorintake.Infantsshouldregainorexceedbirthweightby2wkofageandshouldgrowatapproximately30g/dayduringthe1stmonth·生后第一周,由于多余的細(xì)胞外液被排出體外及攝入不足,新生兒的體重會比出生體重減少10%生后兩周時應(yīng)恢復(fù)或超過出生體重,此全滿月,體重每日增加30克左右。Anewborn'sweightmaydecreas8Limbmovespurposelessly,smilingoccursinvoluntarily,eyegazingheadturning,andsuckingunderconsciouscontrol新生兒有無目的的肢體運動、無意微笑,可凝視及轉(zhuǎn)頭,會有意識地吸吮。Limbmovespurposelessly,smil9BasictrustdevelopsasinfantslearnthattheirurgentneedsaremeetregularlyInfantsdoesnotconsistentlyexperiencefeedingasthepleasurablereductionoftensionoftenshowincreasedirritabilityandphysiologicalinstability(spitting,diarrhea,poorweightgain)aswellasbehavioralproblem·由于基本需求得到規(guī)律的滿足,新生兒期會建立基本信任感。饑餓時不能規(guī)律地體驗到嘿快樂的嬰兒,常顯示煩躁不安和生理不適吐了腹瀉,體重不增)及行為障礙。Basictrustdevelopsasinfant10兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件11兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件12兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件13兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件14兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件15兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件16兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件17兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件18兒科兒童生長發(fā)